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About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at|http: //books .google .com/I -^^■".;- •-.•^nvv^ si- *:' "■^■'^Z^p^ %\:'' :/U' • mmm ■\i,i-^.u ^.Si-.^. --^ •;:■ THE IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS EDITOR BENJAMIN F. SHAMBAUGH PBOrBMOS OF POLITICAL 8CIBNCB Ur THE UNIVKBSITT OF IOWA VOLUME V 1907 PUBLUHIO QUABTKBLT BT THB STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF IOWA IOWA CITY IOWA 1907 COFTRIOHT 19M AND IMY BT THE 8TATB HISTORICAL 80CIITT OF IOWA THE IOWA JOUENAL OF HISTOEY AND POLITICS CONTENTS Number 1 — January 1907 Federal and State Aid to Education in Iowa Hugh S. Buffum 3 The History and Principles of the Whigs of the Territory of Iowa Louis PsLZSR 46 Alexander Hamilton: An Essay on American Union A. B. Stobms 91 Communication Edoab Hull 109 Some Publications 121 Americana and Miscellaneous 121 lowana 128 Historical Societies 183 Notes and Comment 142 Contributors 144 Number 2 — April 1907 Federal and State Aid to Education in Iowa Hugh S. Buffum 147 The Beginnings of Liquor Legislation in Iowa Dan Elbebt Clabk 193 A Brief History of the Political Science Club 1896-1906 Fbank Edwabd Hoback 213 Bibliography of the Iowa Territorial Documents T. J. FiTZPATBICK 234 Some Publications 270 Severance— Ptt&iicotiona <^ the Buffalo HistoHcal Society (p. 270) T. J. Fltzpatrick vi CONTENTS Woodruff— TVoceedin^a <^ tht AtXaidic City Confertnce for Oood CUy Oovemment, and the Tw^fth Annual Meti- inff of the National Municipal League (p. 272) F. K. Horack Proceedinge of the Academy qf Science and Letters qf Sioux City, Iowa, 1905-6 (p. 278) T. J. Fitzpatrick Proceedingi of the New York State Historical A$sor.iation (p. 276) T. J. Fitzpatrick Dje— McDonald qf Oregon. A Tale of Two Shores (p. 279) John C. I'ariah Amw-^State Documente on Federal Relatione. The State and the UnUed States (p. 281) ... F. E. Horack Americana and MiBcellaneous 282 lowana 288 Historical Societies 298 Notes and Comment 303 Contributors 308 Number 3 — July 1907 Federal and State Aid to Education in Iowa Hugh S. Buffum 311 Was the Fugitive Slave Clause of the Constitution Necessary R. B. Way 326 A Bibliography of Iowa State Publications for 1904 and 1905 T. J. Fitzpatrick 337 Some Publications 409 Parish— /{o&ert Lucas (p. 409) K. F. Geiser Qfflcial Report qf the Debates and Proceedings in the Nebras- ka Constitutional Convention qf 1871 (p. 411) John C. Parish South Dakota Historical Collections (p. 412) T. J. Fitzpatrick Collections of the Historical Society of North Dakota (p. 416) T. J. FiUpatrick T?^e Documentary History of the Campaign upon the Niaga- ra Frontier in the Year 181S (p. 417) John C. Pariah Americana and Miscellaneous 418 lowana 42^ Historical Societies 42' Notes and Comment 43 Contributors 4 o» CONTENTS vii Number 4 — Ootobek 1907 Judicial Districting in Iowa Dan Elbbbt Clabk 455 The Regulation by Law of Elections in the Territory of Iowa Hbnbt John Peterson 498 The Election of Francis Gehon in 1839 Louis Pslzbb 534 Some Publications 544 Smith — Our Struggle for the Fourteenth Colony : Canada and the American BevoltUion (p. 644) John C. Parish Proceedinge of the liaseachuseUa Hietorieal Society (p. 646) Dan E. Clark Alvord— CoUictiana qf the Illinois State Historical Library (p. 646) John C. Parish Publication Number Eleven of the Illinois State Historical Library (p. 648) Dan E. Clark Rowland— F^ ^nauoZ Report of the IHredor of the De- partment qf Archives and History qf the State qf Mis- sissippi (p. 649) John C. Parish Lewis — First Biennial Report qf the DepaHment qf Archives and History qf the State qf West Virginia (p. 661) John C. Parish Proceedings qf the American Political Science Association (p. 662) John C. Parish Americana and Miscellaneous 554 lowana 559 Historical Societies 568 Notes and Comment 571 Contributors 578 Index 579 THE IOWA JOURNAL of History and Politics JANUARY Nineteen Hundred Seven Volume Five . . . Number One FEDERAL AND STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA [Continued from the October, 1906. nnmber] THE SALINE LAND GRANT What is known in Iowa history as the Saline Land Grant was not intended by Congress to be used directly for educa- tional purposes. By an act of Congress, approved March 3, 1845, the National government granted to the State of Iowa for its vse all salt-springs within the limits of the State, not to exceed twelve in number, together with six sections of land adjoining or as nearly contiguous as possible to each. These springs and the adjoining land were to be selected by the legislature within one year after the admis- sion of Iowa into the Union, and were then to be used on such terms and conditions, and under such regulations as the legislature should provide. One provision of the act was that the General Assembly should never lease or sell this land and the salt springs for a longer period than ten years at a time without the consent of Congress. ^ On February 24, 1847, the General Assembly authorized the Governor to appoint an agent for the purpose of select- ing these lands.2 Governor Briggs appointed Mr. John Brophy, who made the selections and submitted them to the Governor, by whom they were approved. Mr. Brophy selected seventy-two sections of these lands and submitted the list to the Secretary of the Interior. But 1 UnUed 8tat48 Statutei at Large, Vol. V, pp. 789-790. ^Laws of Iowa, 1840, pp. 126-127. 4 IOWA JOURNAL OF IIISTOUY AND POLITICS of tluH amount eleven and eleven-sixteenths sections were either rejected or 8U8])ended. The rest was approved by the Secretary of the Interior August 27, 1852. The amoant ai>proved at this date was sixty and five-sixteenths sections. To supply the deficieiicit*s resulting from the rejection or suspension of a part of the seventy-two sections selected, Governor Hempstead ap])ointed Mr. J. Keister, Saline Land Agent to make other selections in lieu of those suspended or rejected. June 29, 1854, Mr. Keister rej)orted to the Governor a list of his selections. This list was acceptable both to the State and to the United States otKcers. Thus the seventy-two sections (twelve springs, each with six sec- tions of land) were selected, and wem aj)j)roved by the Sec^ retary of the Interior. Some of the sections chosen were not ]>erfect sections. A few contained slightly moi'e than 640 acres, and a few contained less than that amount. The exact number of acres, as given by the llegister of the State Land Oflice, is 46,202.53. The location of the saline lands by counties is as follows: TABLE VIII ^ COUXTT NO. ACRES TIIERBIN Appanoose 12,UC0.28 Davis G40.00 Decatur 2,500.00 Lucas 25,701.46 Monroe 1,120.00 Van Buren 040.00 Wayne 2,490.79 Total . . : . 40,202.53 ^BeportcfiheRegiBter of the State Land Qfflcty 1871, p. 13. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 5 It was mentioned above that Congress, in granting the saline lands to the State, provided that the General Assem- bly should never lease or sell them at any one time for a longer period than ten years, without the consent of Con- gress. The General Assembly passed a joint resolution, January 24, 1851, requesting Iowa's Senators and Repre- sentativeB in Congress to m^e the passage of a law author- izing the General Assembly to sell and dispose of the saline lands belonging to the State in such manner and at such price, not to be less than $1.25 per acre, as the General As- sembly might deem expedient. ^ As a result of this action. Congress, by an act approved May 27, 1852, granted the twelve salt springs and six sec- tions contiguous thereto to the State in fee simple to be dis- posed of, and the proceeds to be applied as the legislature might direct.^ Thus the saline grant became the property of the State, to be disposed of as directed by the legislature. During the next ten years seven different acts were passed relative to the disposal of this land. The first of these, passed Feb- ruary 5, 1851, provided that the saline lands should be sold by the same officer as though they were a part of those lands set aside for the improvement of the Des Moines River. The proceeds of the sales were to constitute a fund for founding and supporting a lunatic asylum, except that $5, 000 of the principal was to be placed at the disposal of the Superintendent of Public Instruction^ for the use of the ^Law8 of Iowa, 1860, p. 246. * United States Statutes at Large, Vol. X, p. 7. •Laws ef Iowa, 1850, pp. 227-229. 6 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLIITCS College of PhysiciaDS and Surgeons at Keokuk. The Reg- ister of the State Land Office reported, however, that there were no sales made under this act. On January 22, 1853, an act of the General Assembly was approved, providing that the saline lands should be sold by the same officer and under the same regulations as though they formed a portion of the school lands of the State. The proceeds were to be paid into the State Treasury.^ The next law relative to this land was enacted January 25, 1855. It provided that from the time when it Hhould take effect, all school, saline, and univeraity land should be sold in accordance with a ])lan set forth in the act, which was practically the same as the plan for selling the sixteenth section land. The act also required the Board of Trustees of the University to elect a Treasurer, and to him the State Treasurer was to deliver over all moneys, books, notes, and other papers in his possession and belonging to the univer- sity or saline funds. ^ The Fifth General Assembly, at an extra session, enacted, July 14, 1856, that jblU money arising from the sale of the saline lands of the State, whether in the hands of the Treas- urer of State or any other person, should be appropriated to the State Insane Asylum at Mount Pleasant. ^ Two years later, March 23, 1858, an act was approved repealing the section of the act of July 14, 185(), which ap- propriated the proceeds from the sale of saline lands for the construction of the Insane Asylum.* ^Law8 of Iowa, 1862, pp. 12ft-127. *Law8 of Iowa, 1854, pp. 200-201. *Law8 of Iowa, Extra Session, 1856, pp. 00-91 *Law8 of Iowa, 1858, p. 208. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 7 An act passed March 26, I860, authoiized the County Judge and County Treasurer to sell the saline lands. The powers vested in the School Fund Commissioners by the act of January 25, 1855, relative to the sale of saline lands were to be vested in and exercised by the County Judge and County Treasurer.^ The final disposition of the Saline Land Grant was made by an act of the legislature passed April 2, 1860, and tak- ing effect May 9, 1860. By this act the saline lands and funds were appropriated to the State University to become a part of the permanent fund of that institution. But from this disposal of the fund, reservation was made that the Board of Trustees of the University could expend out of the saline fund an amount not to exceed $5,000 for completing and furnishing a building erected for a ' 'boarding hall", and a further amount not exceeding $5, 000 in repairing and refitting the main building of the University, and in pur- chasing necessary apparatus for instruction in the institution.^ As a result of this law the Saline Land Grant was defi- nitely and finally diverted by the legislature to the State University Fund. From this time it was in effect the same as if the Federal government had originally made it as an educational grant. Soon afterward a question arose as to whether these lands were to be sold and certified by the Board of Trustees of the University or by the County Judges and Treasurers. This question was settled by the legislature in an act ap- proved March 25, 1864. The saline lands were by it placed ^Law8 of Iowa, Revision of 1860, pp. 345-340. *LatJ08 of Iowa, Revision of 1860, pp. 346-347. 8 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS under the control and management of the Board of Trustees of the University "as fully as if the same were a part of the grant of lands known as the University Lands." They were to be sold by the Board in the same manner and under the same restrictions as the University Grant lands. ^ When the Board of Trustees of the University was super- seded by the Board of Regents, as above noted in the treat- ment of the University Grant, the rules and regulations ap- plying to the care and sale of that grant also applied to the saline grant. The following table shows the amounts of saline lands patented during the successive biennial periods: TABLE NO. IX L NO. ACRES PATBIfTED DATS OF REPORT DURINO BIBNNIUM May 14, 1855 6,020.48 November 14, 1860 5,001.34 December 1, 1857 2,504.48 November 7, 1869 1,811.10 November 0, 1801 1,280.00 November 10, 1803 8,081.51 November 10, 1805 10,827.38 November 12, 1807 2,032.29 November 10, 1809 1,145.09 November 1, 1871 1,120.00 November 1, 1873 040.00 November 1, 1876 880.00 October 1, 1877 . 880.00 October 1, 1879 . 433.62 October 1, 1881 . 700.00 July 1, 1883 0 ^Lato8 of Iowa, 1804, pip. 84-80. •Report cf the Register of the State Land Qgicej 1867-1881, and Report of the Secretary cf State (Land Department), 1883-1905. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 9 KO. ACRRS PATENTED DATS OF REPORT DURING BIENNIUM July 1, 1885 160.00 July 1, 1887 40.00 July 1, , 1889 40.00 July 1, , 1891 500.00 July 1, , 1893 160.00 July 1, , 1895 701.82 July 1, , 1897 120.00 July Ij , 1899 0 July 1, , 1901 80.00 July 1 , 1903 0 July 1, , 1905 Total 0 46,139.61 Amoui it unpatented a . . . . 1,815.68 47,955.29 Error or duplicatic m . . . . 1,752.76 Amount < jf grant . . . 46,202.53 One should guard against believing that the entire amount of the saline lands was used for University support. It should be remembered that acts were passed providing for their use first for one purpose and then for another. It was not until 1860 that what was left of this grant was turned into the channel of University support. By that date, a large number of acres had been patented, and a much larger number had been sold. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., said in 1867 that *'in the settlement made w^ith the Board in the autumn of 1860, they received of the proceeds $9,064.64 in cash, and §20,507.10 in notes, making $29,571.74, includ- ing the $10,000 appropriated for buildings and apparatus, leaving a net balance of $19,571.74 and the unsold lands to be added to the University fund — the whole estimated by 10 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS the Board at the time at $31,017.81."^ Mr. Benton stated that the amount of land unsold at that time and consequent- ly turned over to the University was 4,578.43 acres. According to a letter received from the Clerk of the Iowa State Land Office, August 6, 1906, there were at that date 1,409.99 acres of the saline grant lands unsold. THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE GRANT It has been the policy of the Federal government to en- courage and aid in the establishment and maintenance of colleges of agriculture and the mechanic arts in the various States of the Union. This policy was first outlined in an act of Congress, approved July 2, 1862, which provided for donations of public lands to the several States and Territo- ries which might found colleges for the teaching of branches of learning related to agriculture and the mechanic arts. It granted to the several States an amount of land such that each State should receive a quantity equal to 30,000 acres for each Senator and Representative in Congress to which the respective States were entitled under the census of I860. There was a provision that no mineral lands should be select- ed or purchased under this act. The lands, after being sur- veyed, were to be apportioned to the several States in sec- tions or subdivisions of not less than one-fourth of a section. The quantity of land to which any State was entitled was to be selected from any of the public lands in that State, sub- ject to private entry at $1.25 per acre. Where there was not a sufficient quantity of such land in any State to furnish the number of acres to which the State was entitled under Benton's Historicdl Sketch of the State University qf Iowa, pp. 28-29. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA H this grant, the Secretary of the Interior was directed to issue sufficient land scrip to make up the deficiency of that State's Bhai*e. This scrip was to be sold, and the proceeds from such sale were to be used for the purpose for which the grant was made. All money derived from the sale of these lands, or scrip if such were issued, was to be invested in stocks of the United States, or of the States, or some other safe stocks, yielding not less than five per cent upon the par value of such stocks; and the money so invested was to constitute a permanent fund of which the capital should remain forever undiminished. The interest of this fund was to be inviola- bly appropriated "to the endowment, support, and mainte- nance of at least one college where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such manner as the legislatures of the States may respect- ively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practi- cal education of the industrial classes in the several purauits and professions in life. " ^ To make sure that the entire proceeds from these lands should be applied, without any diminution whatever, to the purposes mentioned above, it was provided that all expenses of management, superintendence and taxes from the date of the selection of the lands until they should be sold, and all expenses incurred in the management and disbursement of the moneys received from such sales, should be paid out of the Treasuries of the States to which these lands should be- ^UniUd states Statutes at Large, Vol. XII, pp. 503-505. 12 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS long. Further, if any part of the funds invested or any of the interest thereon should by any action or contingency be diminished or lost, it was to be replaced by the State, so that the capital might remain forever undiminished. The annual interest was to be regularly applied without diminu- tion to the endowment, support, and maintenance of at least one agricultural college, except that a sum not exceeding ten per cent upon the amount received by a State under this act might be expended for the purchase of lands for sites or ex- perimental farms, whenever the legislature of the State might authorize it. No portion of the permanent fund, nor the interest on it, was to be applied either directly or indirectly, under any pretense whatsoever to the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings. This grant was to inure to any State only in case such State should provide at least one agricultural college within five years after claiming the benefits of the provisions of the act Under the conditions laid down in this act, Iowa according to the census of 1860, being entitled to eight Senators and Representatives in Congress, was entitled to two hundred and forty thousand acres of land, upon complying with the requirements under which the grant was made. An act of . the legislature making provision for the founding of a State Agricultural College had already been passed (March 22, 1858),^ so Iowa was ready to immediately take advantage of this grant from the Federal government. Accordingly, the General Assembly, being convened in extra session, passed an act, approved September 11, 1862, accepting the lands, ^Xatoa of Iowa, 1858, pp. 178-179. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 13 rights, powers, and privileges granted to and conferred upon the State of Iowa by the act of Congress discussed above, and upon the terms, conditions, and restrictions contained in that act. The Governor was authorized and required to appoint a Commissioner to select and locate this land under such restrictions as the Governor should direct. But only so many acres were to be selected in any county as there might be in such county subject to entry at $1.25 per acre, over and above the number of acres of swamp lands select- ed in such county; and no lands selected as swamp lands were to be selected by this Commissioner. The list of selections so made by this Commissioner was to be reported to the Governor and by him laid before the Board of Trustees of the Iowa State Agricultural College and Farm. When approved by them, measures were to be taken to have the lands selected certified to the State by the Secretary of the Interior. This act appropriated one thou- sand dollars, or so much of that amount as might be neces- sary, to meet the expense of carrying out its provisions. ^ Under this act, Peter Melendy, of Blackhawk County, was appointed to select and locate the lands. He made the selections in the latter part of the year 1863, and they were approved by the Secretary of the Interior, December 1 3, 1864. Land selected within railroad limits was approved at double the value of other land; 35,691.66 acres of these ' 'double minimum" lands were selected, and being credited at double value, were accepted by theStateas 71,383.32 acres. When these lands are thus considered, the total quantity of land received under this grant is 240,000.96 acres. ^Law8 of Iowa, Extra Session, 1862, pp. 26-26. 14 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The following table gives the location of this land by counties, stating the number of acres Tiithin and without the railroad limits, and the total amount: COUNTY Bcuna Vista Calhoun Cherokee Clay . Dickinson Emmet Oreene Hamilton Humboldt Ida . Kossuth Lyon O'Brien Palo Alto Pocahontas Plymouth Sao Sioux • Webster Winnebago Woodbury Worth Wright Error Total TABLE NO. X* ▲MT. IN B. R. OUTAIDE B. B. TOTAL LIMITS LIMITS 1,705.33 4,072.25 5,837.58 3,008.00 3,068.00 2,249.62 2,249.62 8,719.42 8,719.42 5,159.07 5,159.67 16,048.99 16,648.99 4,178.65 4,178.65 2,481.50 2,481.50 3,063.13 3,063.13 5,212.32 3,426.55 8,638.87 84,198.29 84,198.29 1,120.00 1,120.00 1,000.00 1,600.00 27,718.14 27,718.14 3,549.04 3,549.04 1,760.00 2,082.00 3,842.60 320.00 320.00 1,280.00 1,280.00 3,249.72 3,249.72 2,429.75 2,429.75 3,201.17 6,902.29 10,103.46 196.56 196.56 4,045.45 4,645 45 10.80 10.86 35,691.66 168,617.64 204,309.30 ^Report cfthe Register of the State Land Cfflce^ 1865, pp. 120-130. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 15 On March 29, 1864, there was approved an act of the General Assembly which formally granted to the Iowa State Agricultural College, situated on the Agricultural Farm in Story County, Iowa, the lands carried by the grant of July 2, 1862. By this act the interests on the proceeds arising from the sale of these lands, or any part thereof, and the rents accruing from the lease of any of such lands, were ap- propriated to the endowment, support and maintenance of the college, upon the terms, conditions, and restrictions con- tained in the act of Congress making the grant, and subject to such conditions and restrictions as future legislatures of Iowa might impose. The Board of Trustees of the Agri- cultural College were authorized to sell all of these lands in such tracts or parcels, and to such party or parties, and upon such terms of payment as they might deem proper and for the best interests of the institution. To the purchaser of any part of these lands, the President of the College and Farm was to issue a certificate, countersigned by the Secre- tary of the Board of Trustees, stating the fact of purchase, to whom sold, description of the land, terms of sale, and the amount paid for it. Upon the proper presentation of this certificate, properly endorsed, to the Register of the State Land Office, if full payment of the purchase money had been made, the Register was to issue a patent for the land. Not more than ten per cent of the entire grant was to be sold in this manner by the Board of Trustees previous to the first day of April 1866, and none of it was to be sold by the Board for less than one dollar per acre. ^ ^Law8 of Iowa, 1864, pp. 148-151. 16 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS This act also authorized the Trustees to lease for a tenn of ten or more years, any of these lands. The lessee of such lands was to pay six per cent per annum interest on the appraised value of the lands leased, with the privilege of purchasing the same at the expiration of the lease at the appraised value at the date of the lease. This appraised value was not to be less than ^1.25 per acre. In case the lessee should fail to pay the interest on his lease ^nthin six months after it became due he was to forfeit his lease, with all the improvements thereon, to the College. All the proceeds of the lands thus sold, except ten per cent thereof, were to be invested in stocks of the United States, or of Iowa, or other safe stocks, yielding not less than five per cent upon the par value of such stocks. The interest or increase arising from such investment, or so much of it as might be necessary, was to be applied to the support and maintenance of the CoUege and Farm. The Register of the State Land Office reported, Novem- ber 10, 1865, that none of the lands had been sold absolute- ly, but that 45,504.82 acres had been leased, of which the appraised valuation was $89,558.77^ Exactly two years after the approval of the act discussed above, the Eleventh General Assembly passed another act, approved March 29, 1866, regulating the sale and lease of lands belonging to the Iowa State Agricultural College. It was provided that none of these lands should be sold for a less sum than fifty per cent above the prices at which each piece respectively had been appraised in the year 1865. But any land could be sold by the purchaser paying one-fourth ^Report cfthe Register of the State Land Office, 1865, p. 130. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 17 at the time of the sale, and the balance at any time within ten years from the day of sale, the purchaser to pay eight per cent interest, payable annually in advance, on the defer- red payment. Any failure to pay interest or principal wdth- in sixty days after it became due was to cause the purchaser to forfeit all claim to the land, as well as that portion of principal and interest already paid on the purchase. Any of the lands could under this act be leased, in amounts not to exceed one hundred and sixty acres to any one man, for a term not to exceed ten years. The lessee was to pay in advance interest at the rate of eight per cent per annum upon the price of the land, the price of which was made fifty per cent additional to the price at which it had been appraised in 1865. The lessee failing to pay the interest on his lease within sixty days from the time it was due, w^as to forfeit his lease together w^ith all interest already paid and the improvements on the land.^ The Trustees were empowered to appoint agents to carry out the provisions of this act, and those of the act of March 29, 1864, which were not repealed by this one. Hon. G. W. Bassett was appointed such agent. In a report which he made in 1869, he gave the total number of acres leased to September 30, 1869, as 204,056.69. The appraised val- uation of this land was $487,608.59, or §2.39 per acre.^ On March 19, 1874, an act of the General Assembly was approved, which authorized the Board of Trustees to renew leases, for a term not exceeding ten years from the date of ^Latoa of Iowa, 1800, pp. 02-04. * Report of the State Agricultural CoUege-and Farm, 1870, pp. 70-71, in Legisla- tive Documents, 1870, Vol. II. 18 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS renewal, and making such lands subject to assessment for taxation at the end of ten years from the date of the original lease. ^ Ten years later, March 27, 1884, an act of the legislature was approved, differing but little from that of March 19, 1874. The Trustees were empowered to still further extend leases, and to continue selling Agricultural College lands, on practically the same terms and conditions as had been pre- viously the case.^ On March 28, 1884, there was approved an act which pro- vided that the Board of Trustees should consist of one per- son from each congressional district of the State, elected by the General Assembly, to serve for a term of six years. Neither the President nor any other officer or employee of the College and Farm nor any member of the General As- sembly was to be eligible to the office of Trastee.^ By an act approved March 28, 1898, the Governor and Superintendent of Public Instruction were made ex-officio members of the Board of Trustees.* The following table shows the number of acres of this grant patented during each biennial period : TABLE NO. XI^ DATE OF RSPORT ACRES PATENTED DURING BIEKNIUM November 10, 1809 .... 160.00 November 1, 1871 .... 3,242.69 November 1, 1873 .... 2,085.16 ^Lawa of Iowa, 1874, p. 93. »Law8 of Iowa, 1884, pp. 80-82. *Law8 of Iowa, 1884, pp. 84-85. *Law8 of Iowa, 1898, p. 46. '^Report of the Register cf the State Land Office, 1869-1881, and Report of the Secretary cf State (Land Department), 1888-1905. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 19 DATE OF SKPORT ACRES PATENTED DURINO BIENZaUM November 1, 1875 .... 13,418.54 October 1, 1877 . 10,775.61 October 1, 1879 , 1,440.00 October 1, 1881 5,753.57 July 1, 1883 6,580.97 July 1, 1885 35,424.78 July 1, 1887 24,534.67 July 1, 1889 14,321.07 June 30, 1891 32,344.20 June 30, 1893 18,256.51 July 1, 1895 11,409.91 July 1, 1897 11,919.66 July 1, 1899 4,888.51 July 1, 1901 4,649.76 June 30, 1903 1,480.00 June 30, 1905 680.00 • Total 203,365.60 Amount unpatented 330.02 Not accounted for 607.68 Amount of gi 'ant . 204,309.30 Of the 607.68 acres which appear on the above table as **not accounted for", 102.94 acres are accounted for by Geo. W. Bassett, Agent for Iowa Agricultural College, in his I'eport for 1870. He says *'the number of acres in the grant was reported to be 204,309.80, whereas the actual number of acres is 204, 206.86, a difference of 102. 94 acres. "^ Not any of the Agricultural College Grant land remains un- sold at the present time. The following table shows the income of the Agricultural College from rentals and interest on the National endowment. ^Legislative Documents, 1870, Vol. U, Report of State AgricuUurdl College and Farm, p. 71. 20 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS TABLE NO. XIl^ YEAR AMOUNT TKAR AMOUXT 1805 1800 1807 1808 1809 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1870 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 $4,914.55 1880 4,923.27 1887 30,840.81 1888 23,241.75 1889 31,735.03 1890 32,400.42 1891 33,820.02 1892 29,001.78 1893 33,390.15 1894 30,779.32 1895 35,880.18 1890 34,930.17 1897 37,833.98 1898* 38,200.30 1899 40,304.30 1900 41,791.24 1901 44,384.20 1902 48,135.77 1903 45,949.73 1904 40,721.89 1905 39,122.53 Total $45,355.^8 49,009.94 40,239.01 47,891.87 44,145.14 49,371.22 44,417.73 43,928.78 51,159.65 43,291.26 40,590.05 47,729.75 10,009.62 47,178.42 41,819.27 43,801.05 38,253.93 30,728.51 30,295.73 35,205.08 $1,504,170.34 THE FIVE SECTION GRANT Another body of land which, like the Five Hundred Thou- sand Acre Grant, the Federal government gave to Iowa for purposes other than education, and which was diverted by the State into educational channels, was that known as the ^Census of loioa^ 1906, pp. cxix-cxx. ♦Partial year— November 11, 1897 to June 80, 1898. Change in ending of fia- cal year. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 21 Five Section Grant The land conveyed by this grant be- came a part of the Agricultural College lands and therefore should be considered in a treatment of the sources of our educational funds. In an act supplemental to that for the admission of the States of Florida and Iowa into the Union, approved March 3, 1845, Congress provided that five entire sections of land, in legal divisions of not less than a quarter section, be grant- ed to the State of Iowa. The purpose for which the pro- ceeds of this land were to be used was that of completing the public buildings of the State, or for the erection of public buildings at the seat of government of the State, as the leg- islature might determine and direct. These five sections were to be selected and located under direction of the legis- lature, and might consist of any of the unappropriated lands of the United States within the State of Iowa. ^ The State legislature accepted this grant, and, in order to carry out the provisions of the act by which it was made, passed an act February 22, 1847, in which John Brown of Lee County, Joseph D. Hoag, of Henry County, and John Taylor, of Jones County, were appointed Commissioners to locate the permanent seat of government of the State, and to select the lands granted by Congress to aid in erecting pub- lic buildings. 2 These Commissioners chose the entire 3,200 acres in Jasper County. The selections, described by sec- tion, township, and range, are shown in the following table: » United States Statutes at Large, Vol. V, p. 790. *Lawa of Iowa, 1846, p. 85. 22 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS TABLE NO. Xni^ SECTION TWP. SANOB ACRES Lots 6 & 8, and the S. W. i of 3 . . 78 N 20 W 320 Lots 5, 6, 7, & 8, and S. E. & S. W. i of 4 78 20 640 Lots 5, 6, 7, & 8, and S. E. & S. W. i of 5 78 20 640 Sec. 8 78 20 640 Sec. 9 78 20 640 W. i of 10 78 20 320 Total 3,200 In an act approved March 22, 1858, the General Assem- bly provided for the establishment of a State Agricnltural College and Farm. Of this act, section eleven stated that ^* There is hereby appropriated the proceeds of the sale of five sections of land heretofore granted to the State of Iowa by Congress for the erection of Capitol buildings, for the use and benefit of the college herein established : Provided Congress diverts the same for this purpose. "^ On the following day, March 23, 1858, there was ap- proved an unpublished resolution asking Congress for a diver- sion of thes^ five section lands from their originally intended use in the erection of public buildings. This resolution in- structed Iowa's Senators in Congress and requested her Rep- resentatives to endeavor to obtain the passage of an act of Congress authorizing the use of the five sections of land for the benefit of the Agricultural College and Model Farm.' In response to this request, Congress passed an act July 11, 1862, in which it was enacted that the five sections of land granted to the State of Iowa should be released and dis- charged from the limitation contained in the granting act. ^Report of the Register of the State Land Office, 1857, p. 25. *Lawa of Iowa, 1858, p. 174. •Report of the Register of the State Land Office, 1859, p. 30. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 28 Permission was given to the General Assembly of Iowa to make such disposition of this land as it might deem best for the interests of the State. ^ This act of Congress having given approval to the act of the State legislature, the Trustees of the Agricultural Col- lege took over the control and management of the five section lands. The Register of the State Land Office in his report dated November 16, 1865, said that 2,560 acres of this land had been sold, 1, 120 acres having been patented. In his report two years later — November 12, 1867 — he stated that the entire 3,200 acres had been sold and patented. The Secretary of the Agricultural College and Farm in his report of January 1, 1866, gave a table of the receipts of the College for each of the successive years up to that date. In the tables of receipts for the years 1864 and 1865, he includes the following items :^ 1864 — Jasper County Lands . . 810,000.00 1805 — Jasper County Lands . . 1,453.79 Total $17,453. 79 This amount of $17,453.79 became a part of the perma- nent fund of the State Agricultural College and from that time any treatment of the proceeds of the Five Section Grant lands as separate from the rest of that fund is impossible. THE SWAMP LAND GRANT In considering the Swamp Land Grant, no attempt will be made in this paper to follow out in detail every line of this I United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XII, p. 536. * Legislative Documents^ 1860, Vol. II; Report of Agricultural College and Farm, pp. 13-14. 24 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS complicated and badly mixed affair. Herein a treatment of the more fundamental features and the more important de- tails of the Swamp Land Grant and its disposal in Iowa will suffice. The method of selecting and determining what was or was not to be considered swamp land caused much of the diffi- culty and complication referred to. Many hundred thousand acres have been selected and claimed to be swamp land which agents of the Federal government have refused to rec- ognize as such. In many cases the selecting agents were doubtless either intentionally or unintentionally wrong in their judgment as to the swampy nature of certain tracts. They were also in some cases careless in reporting and de- scribing such selections. Another cause of irregularity is the fact that some land selected as swamp land, and so due to the State under the Swamp Land Grant, was also included in one or more of the various grants made to aid in the construction of railroads. In this way complications arose many in number and almost impossible of disentanglement. Again, many tracts of land swampy in their nature had been located and filed upon by settlers before the Swamp Land Grant was made, and so could not well pass to the State. It was this fact that led to the system of indemnifying the State either by other land in the place of such tracts or by cash indemnity. A still further cause of complications is found in the fact that certain years during the selection of swamp lands — nota- bly 1854 and 1855 — were very wet years. This period was followed by a time of unusual drouth. Accordingly many FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 25 tracts selected during the wet years were not approved by the agents of the Federal government during the later dry yeai-s. During the dry period one could have been easily persuaded that fraud had been practiced in the selection of good land under the claim that it was of a swampy charac- ter. It was, indeed, sometimes asserted that the National government was being held up and robbed in this manner. The facts above mentioned are sufficient to convince the reader that a complete discussion of the Swamp Land Grant would demand the consideration of many complicated ques- tions. As stated above, in this chapter we shall content our- selves with making a somewhat general and less detailed study of this grant. By an act of Congress, approved September 28, 1850, en- titled "An act to enable the State of Arkansas and other States to reclaim the 'Swamp Lands' within their limits", the so-called Swamp Land Grant was niade.^ By this act it was provided that to enable the State of Arkansas to con- struct the necessary levees and drains to reclaim the swamp and overflowed lands therein, the whole of those swamps and overflowed lands, made unfit thereby for cultivation, which should remain unsold at the passage of this act, should be and the same were thereby, granted to said State. The Secretary of the Interior, as soon as practicable after the passage of this act, was to make out an accurate list and plats of such swamps and overflowed lands, and transmit this list to the Governor of Arkansas, and at the request of said Governor, cause a patent to be issued to the State therefor. Upon the granting of this patent, the fee simple to said lands 1 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. IX, pp. 61^620. 26 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS was to vest in the State of Arkansas, subject to the disposal of the legislature thereof. The proceeds of these lands were to be used, exclusively, as far as necessary, for the purpose of reclaiming them by means of levees and drains. In making out the Ust and plats of these swamp lands, aU legal subdivisions, the greater part of which was ''wet and unfit for cultivation", were to be included in such lists and plats. If the greater part of such subdivisions was not of that character, the entire parcel of land was to be excluded from the list and plats. The part of this act of most importance in a consideration of Iowa land grants, is section four, by which it was enacted that the provisions of this act should be extended to, and their benefits be conferred upon, each of the other States of the Union in which such swamp and overflowed lands might be situated.^ Another act of Congress, approved March 2, 1855, pro- vided that the President of the United States should issue patents to purchasers or locators of lands claimed as swamp lands prior to the issue of patents to the State or States as provided in the law of September 28, 1850, discussed above. Upon due proof, by the authorized agent of the State or States, before the Commissioner of the General Land OflSce, that any of the lands purchased were swamp lands within the true intent and meaning of the act of September 28, 1850, the purchase money was to be paid over to the said State or States. Where the lands had been located by war- rant or scrip, the said State was to be authorized to locate a quantity of like amount upon any of the public lands subject ^ UnUed States Statutes at Large, Vol. IX, pp. 61^520. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 27 to entry at one dollar and a quarter per acre or less, and patents were to be issued therefor upon the terms and con- ditions enumerated in the act of 1850. Such decisions of the Commissioner of the General Land Office were to be ap- proved by the Secretary of the Interior.^ An act confirming to the several States lands selected as swamp lands was approved March 3, 1857. This act pro- vided that the selection of swamp lands made in conformity with the above acts, and reported to the Commissioner of the General Land Office prior to the passage of this act, so far as the same should remain vacant and unappropriated, and not interfered with by actual settlement under any ex- isting law of the United States, was thereby confirmed and should be approved and patented to the said several States as soon as practicable.^ The Fourth General Assembly of the State of Iowa pass- ed an act, approved January 18, 1853, for the disposal of the swamp and overflowed lands in Iowa and to pay the ex- pense of selecting and surveying the same. By this act all the swamp and overflowed lands granted by the act of Con- gress of September 28, 1850, were granted to the counties in which they were respectively situated, for the purpose of constructing the necessary levees and drains to reclaim the same. Any lands remaining after the expenses of reclama- tion had been met, were to be used for the building of roads and bridges, when necessary, through or across these lands. If all should not be needed for these purposes, the remain- der was to be expended in building roads and bridges within 1 United States StatiUes at Large, Vol. X, pp. 634-086. * United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XI, p. 251. 28 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS the county. A minimum selling j)rice of twenty cents per acre was placed upon tliis land. ^ January 27, 1858, a measure was enacted authorizing the Governor to appoint an agent to proceed to Washington to effect an adjustment and settlement for the different counties in the State of their swamp land business. The Governor was also authorized to appoint one or more agents to have the swamp and overflowed lands selected in the new and un- organized counties of the State. "^ Provision was also made that when the General govern- ment had issued the scrip and refunded the money to the State, as contemplated by the act of Congress of March 2, 1855, and patented to the State the lands acciniing by virtue of the act of Congress of September 28, 1850, the Gover- nor, Register of the State Land Office, and the agent of the county, if any, should constitute a board to ascertain what amount of said land, money, and scrip should be due the different counties of the State and when so ascertained the same should be subject to the oixler of the County Judges, or other j)roper authorities in the county.^ By another law, enacted March 22, 1858, it was provided that it should be competent and lawful for counties owning swamp and overflowed lands, to devote the same, or the proceeds thereof, either in whole or in part to the erection of public buildings for the purpose of education, the build- ing of bridges, roads and highways, for building institutions of learning or for making railroads through the county or ^Lawa of Iowa, 1852, pp. 29-37. *Law8 of Iowa, 1858, pp. 3-4. *Law8 of Iowa, 1858, pp. 3-4. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 29 counties to which such lands belonged. But before any such lands or money could be used for any or all of these purposes, it was necessary that the question whether it be done or not should be submitted to the people at some gen- eral or special election of the county. ^ At an extra session of the Eighth General Assembly an act was passed, approved May 28, 1861, by which the swamp lands in the various counties of the State were placed under the control of the respective county Boards of Supervisors. All previous acts of the county Boards of Supervisors rela- tive to the swamp lands were legalized. ^ The following year an amendatory act was passed, becom- ing a law without the Governor's signature, March 31, 1862, by which it was made possible for the counties to use their swamp lands, or the proceeds thereof, for any or all of the following purposes: (a) the erection of public buildings for the purpose of education; (b) the building of bridges, roads, and highways; (c) for building institutions of learning; (d) for a permanent school fund for the use of the county to which such lands belong; (e) for building of county build- ings; or (f) for making railroads through the county or counties to which such lands belonged. But no county was to be released from its obligations to make the necessary drains and levees as contemplated in the original act of Congress by which the grant was made.^ Another act by this same General Assembly, approved April 8, 1862, again authorized the Governor to appoint an ^Laws of Iowa, 1868, pp. 26ft-267. *Law8 of Iowa, Extra Session, 1801, p. 7. •Laws of Iowa, 1862, pp. 78-79. 30 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS agent or agents to settle the entire matter of the swamp lands with the Commissioner of the General Land Office at Washington. This act also made many provisions as to the methods to be pursued in such settlement and as to the distributions of the lands or proceeds thereof to the several counties.^ A number of general agents were appointed; and one of these, Samuel Townsend, went to Washington and accomplished something toward straightening out the swamp land affairs. A great many details, however, re- mained unsettled. At the next session of the legislature an act, approved March 22, 1864, provided that the Boards of Supervisors in the several counties might appoint three citizens to make a careful examination of the swamp lands in their respec- tive counties, ''lying in, along or contiguous to naviga- ble streams; such lands being subject to periodical overflow during any of the summer months". Upon this land a value was to be appraised. Upon all other of the swamp lands of the county, not situated as described above a value was to be appraised, not to be less than one dollar per acre. After such appraisal, the Board of Supervisors was to have power to sell such lands at public or private sale, at a price not lower than that at which it had been appraised. ^ By an act approved March 30, 1866, J. A. Harvey was appointed a Commissioner on behalf of the State of Iowa to adjust with the General government several matters rela- tive to grants of land to the State. Among these matters was that of settling the claims of Iowa against the United ^Law8 of Iowa, 1862, pp. 180-190. *Law8 of Iowa, 1804, pp. 74-76. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 31 States arising under the Swamp Land Grant.^ Mr. Harvey did not complete this work, and on January 12, 1872, Hon. John Cleghorn was appointed as Commissioner. He went to Washington, D. C, and entered upon his duties May 28, 1872. October 28, 1873, he made a report to Hon. Aaron Brown, Register of the State Land Office, in which he noted much progress in the accurate adjustment of the claims of the State, although many vexatious questions in connection with the swamp lands remained unsettled. ^ At the adjourned session of the Fourteenth General As- sembly, Joint Resolution No. 15, passed January 25, 1873, authorized and required the Governor and the Register of the State Land Office to procure as soon as practicable from the Commissioner of the Genei-al Land Office at Washington, and also when deemed necessary from the several local land offices, certified lists of the lands on which there were con- flicting claims under the several railroad and swamp land grants, together with lists of all cancelled preemption en- tries and homestead claims or settlements. These lists were to be filed and recoixled in the office of the Register of the State Land Office. The necessary expenses of this work were to be paid out of the general contingent fund of the State. ^ The Governor appointed Mr. P. S. Brown as an agent to do this work and the Register of the State Land Office in his annual report of November 1, 1875, indicates that the duty was performed and that the lists made out were on file at the Land Office. ^Lav)9 of Iowa, 1866, pp. 71-78. *Beport of the Register of the State Land Office, 1873, pp. 164-176. *LawB of Iowa, Adjourned Session, 1878, p. 27. 82 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Mr. Cleghom held this office until it was abolished by an act of the legislature, approved March 18, 1874.^ The question was raised in the case of the American Emigrant Company vs. Adams County whether the swamp lands could be legitimately used for any purpose except that of reclaiming such land, as contemplated in the act of Con- gress making the grant. The case was transferred from the District Court of Adams County, Iowa, to the Circuit Court of the United States. It was appealed from the Circuit Court to the Supreme Court of the United States. The Supreme Court first decided that any other use was a viola- tion of the act of Congress and so was unlawful. But upon reconsideration this opinion was reversed and the grant by the State of its swamp and overflow lands to the several counties for genei'al county purposes was held to be valid. '^ The act of April 8, 1862, mentioned above, granting to the Governor power to appoint agents to receive and locate swamp land scrip, fixed as compensation for such agents four dollars per day, the money to be paid by the counties. The Treasurer of the State, instead of distributing among the several counties all the money received as swamp land indemnity, kept out a percentage of the swamp land funds passing through his hands. This money was to be used in paying the swamp land agents. The full amount retained thus by the Treasurer was not needed for this purpose; and accordingly, on March 25, 1878, an act of the legislature was approved, instructing the Treasurer to distribute these accumulated funds to the several counties from which such '^Lawi of loway 1874, p. 18. ^RepoH of the Secretary of State (Land Department), 1883, p. 80. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 83 funds had been held back. After the passage of this act aU money received from the United States in payment of cash indemnity for swamp lands was to be paid over to the proper counties, the State Treasurer not retaining any part ofit-i An act of the Nineteenth General Assembly, approved March 25, 1882, authorized the sale and conveyance of the so called ** Indemnity Swamp-Land". Any such land be- longing to any county of the State was to be sold by the Board of Supervisors of that county. After being appraised by three disinterested persons, notice was to be published for three successive weeks in some newspaper of the county. In response to such notice sealed bids were to be made. If any such bid equaled the appraised value of the land, the Board of Supervisors could accept the highest bid, and upon proper payments being made by the bidder, the County Auditor was to execute a deed of conveyance to the land.^ This act was amended by another, approved February 25, 1892, by which it was made possible for the Board of Su- pervisors to sell this land at public outcry. The same no- tice as to such public sale was to be made as was provided in the act to which this one was amendatory. No land was to be thus sold at less than its appraised value. ^ In cases where swamp land had been located by warrant or scrip previous to its selection as swamp land, the act of March 2, 1855, had stipulated that the State should be authorized to locate a like quantity upon any of the public ^Lawscflowa, 1878, p. 122. *Law9 of Iowa, 1882, pp. 162-164. ^Laws cf Iowa, 1802, p. 66. 34 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS lands subject to entry at one dollar and a (quarter per acre or less. The ruling was made that such land due in lieu of swamp land could be located only within the State. * The Registers of the State Land OflSce in several successive re- ports called the attention of the legislature to the fact that a number of the counties still had such land due them, but that there was no government land remaining not entered within the State of Iowa. To try to make it possible for these counties to get the land rightly due them, the General Assembly, March 17, 1880, passed a joint resolution and memorial in which the Senators and Representatives of Iowa in Congress were requested and urged to use all lawful means to procure an act of Congress authorizing the location of such land scrip upon any government lands open to public entry in any other State or Territory of the United States. ^ This desired result not being accomplished, the Geneiul Assembly in 1884 again passed a joint resolution instructing Iowa's Senators and requesting her Representatives in Con- gress to use all proper and lawful means within their power to secure the enactment of a bill allowing the location of swamp land scrip outside of the State of Iowa.' This resolution likewise failing to bring about the desired act of Congress, still a third call upon Iowa's delegation in Congress was made by the Twenty-second General Assem- bly. A concurrent resolution of this Assembly once more urged the Senators and Representatives of the State in Con- 1 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. X, pp. 634-636. •iaw» dflovoa, 1880, p. 216. •Laws of Iowa, 1884, pp. 288-289. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 35 gress to use their influence to effect the passage of an act enabling the counties to locate their swamp land scrip in some other State or Territory. ^ Nothing has come of this request; and at the present time there still remain in the State Land Office, four certificates for lands not located, and which cannot be located unless some relief act be passed by Congress. The counties to which these certificates belong, and the number of acres carried by each certificate are set forth in the following table. TABLE NO. XJV^ COUKTT KO. OF ACRES Greene County, (Certificate No. 91) Gathrie County, (Certificate No. 94) Marion County, (Certificate No. 16) Chickasaw County, (Supplemental Certificate No. 33) Total 10,658.22 1,840.00 120.00 109.00 12,727.22 As is stated in the report from which this table is taken, if the Federal government does not make it possible to locate this land in some more western State still having public lands, it should pay cash indemnity therefor. As noted above in the act of March 2, 1855, it was pro- vided that if upon due proof, by the authorized agent of the State before the Commissioner of the General Land Of- fice, any of the lands which had before that date been pur- chased by settlers were swamp lands in the true meaning and \pte^t of the act making the swamp land grant, the purchase money should be paid over to the State. ^ From time to time payments of such indemnity money have been ^Lav)8 of Iowa, 1888, pp. 240-241. * Report of the Secretary of StcUe (Land Department), 1903, p. 22. ' United States Statutes at Large, Vol. X, pp. 684-635. 36 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS made. The total amount of cash indemnity paid to Iowa up to June SO, 1904, is $584,284.53.^ The amounts of swamp land patented to this State during the successive biennial periods are shown by the following table: TABLK NO. XV* DATE OF SBPORT NO. ACBB8 FATBVTBD November 7, 1859 .... 23,611.49 November 6, 1861 430,462.99 November 15, 1863 142,880.64 November 16, 1865 • November 12, 1867 325,106.80 November 10, 1869 188,888.69 November 1, 1871 35,408.21 November 1, 1873 4,099.29 November 1, 1875 16,274.76 October 1, 1877 2,209.97 October 1, 1879 6,078.40 October 1, 1881 1,516.06 July 1, 1883 711.89 July 1, 1885 ■ 2,365.00 July 1, 1887 1 3,249.54 July 1, 1889 • 1,436.97 June 30, 1891 1,045.13 June 30, 1893 667.16 July 1, 1895 1,120.00 July 1, 1897 2,385.40 July 1, 1899 1,069.56 July 1, 1901 938.56 June 30, 1903 1,179.61 June 30, 1905 393.70 Total . 1,192,044.32 ^Bepcri of Commiaaioner of General Land Office^ 1904, p. 586. *CeiWtt« of Iowa, 1905, p. ix. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 37 This table includes patents for the lands granted by both the original act of September 28, 1850, and the indemnity act of March 2, 1855. Of the above total— 1,192,044.32 acres — 870,189.09 acres are of *4ands in place", and 321,- 855.23 acres are of * 'indemnity lands". The cash indemnity of $584,284.53 was on a basis of 468,521.71 acres of land. So, the entire quantity of land inuring to Iowa under the Swamp Land Grant up to the present time is 1,660,556.03 acres. There is yet a consider- able quantity both of lands in place and of indemnity lands that has been selected, but has not been either approved or rejected by the general government During the past few years a large number of acres have been rejected, and it is probable that the larger part of present claims will be ti*eated in the same manner. THE FIVE PER CENT FUND Attention has already been called to the fact that various methods have been used by the Federal government in aid- ing public education. As was stated above the greater part of such aid has been extended by means of land grants. The seven grants by which aid has been given to Iowa have now been presented and briefly discussed. The three sections which follow are devoted to a brief discussion of Federal aid to education in Iowa extended by means other than land grants. The topics thus to be taken up are: (1) the Five Per Cent Fund, (2) the Second Morrill Act Fund, and (3) Federal Aid to Experiment Stations. Of these three topics the first to be presented in this pa- per is that of the Five Per Cent Fund. This method which 38 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS in Iowa has been used in extending Federal aid to public school education should possibly be treated under the head of land grants, as the money was received from the sale of public lands and as its amount depended upon the price at which such lands were sold. As was the case with two or three of the land grants, mentioned and discussed above, the original purpose of the Five Per Cent Fund was not that of aid to education. But, as the result of action by the State, this money, intended by the Federal government for other purposes, was diverted into educational channels. Hence, it is treated here under the head of Federal aid to education in Iowa. In section six of an act of Congress, approved March 3, 1845, and entitled ^'An act supplemental to an act for the admission of the States of Iowa and Florida into the Union ", there is a statement of the original intent in the establishing of the Five Per Cent Fund. This section provides that **five per cent of the net proceeds of sales of all public lands lying within the said State [Iowa], which have been, or shall be sold by Congress, from and after the admission of said State, after deducting all the expenses incident to the same, shall be appropriated for making public roads and canals within said State, as the legislature may direct. "^ In article X, section 2, of the Constitution under which Iowa was admitted into the Union, it was provided that such per cent as Congress might grant, on the sale of public lands in the State, should enter into and become a part of the permanent fund, of which the interest should be used for * United States Statutes at Large, Vol. V, p. 790. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 39 support of the common schools. ^ By an act of Congress of December 28, 1846, Iowa was admitted into the Union. This act stated that all the provisions of the act of March 3, 1845, should be in force. ^ The State was admitted, how- ever, under the Constitution above mentioned. The act of Congress provided that the Five Per Cent Fund must be used for certain internal improvements, while the Constitu- tion stated that it should be used to increase the permanent school fund. By an act approved February 25, 1847, the General As- sembly provided that the five per cent upon the net proceeds of the sales of the public lands, granted to Iowa by the United States, should be paid into the hands of the Super- intendent of Public Instruction to be disposed of by him according to law.^ Acting upon this legislation the Super- intendent, in November 1848, made application for this money. But the Comptroller of the Treasury replied to him that it could not be paid until official advice should be received that a law had been passed appropriating it for the purposes of internal improvements, as contemplated in the act of Congress of March 3, 1845. The attention of the Iowa delegation in Congress was called to the difficulty, and they procured the passage of an act of Congress, March 2, 1849, by which the controversy was settled. By this act it was declared that the act by which Iowa was admitted into the Union should be interpreted as giving assent to the ap- plication of the Five Per Cent Fund for the support of com- ^This Constitution may be found in Laws of Iowa, 1846. The section here re- f erred to is on page 18. * United States Statutes at Large, Vol. IX, p. 117. •Laws of Iowa, 1846-'47, pp. 160-164. 40 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS mon Hchoolft as provided by the Constitation of lowa.^ Thus the matter was satisfactorilv settled. Up to and including the year 1856 this money was paid to the Superintendent of Public Instruction and by him dis- posed of according to law. After that time it was paid into the State Treasury, and in this way became part of the j>ennanent school fund. The amounts of money received from the Five Per Cent Fund have been as follows:- l>ATK KEC'KIVKf> LAKD SOLD AMomrr in 1849 1847 .1 10,442.06 1850 1848 9,105.52 1851 1849 5,708.46 1852 1850 6,471.36 1853 1851 11,901.90 1854 1852 1,697.68 1865 1853 54,241.58 1850 1854 . 226,800.86 Jan. 1, 1857 . 185,785.32 Sept. 21, 1857 34,219.34 Oct. 2, 1858 28,101.41 Total fl $580,475.48 THE SECOND » MORRILL AC r FUJ «^D By an act of Congress, approved August 30, 1890, it was provided that there should be annually appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, arising from the sales of public lands, to each State and Ter- rit^^ry a sum of money for the more complete endowment « Un\itd States Statutes at Large, Vol. IX, p. 349. ^Reports of the Superintendents of PulUic InstructioUj and Reports of the StaU Treasurers. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 41 and maintenance of colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts. For the year ending June 30, 1890, this sum was to be $15,000, and there was to be an annual . increase of the amount of such appropriation thereafter for ten years by an additional sum of $1,000 over the preceding year. The annual amount to be paid after the expiration of these ten years was $25,000. This money was to be applied only to instruction in agri- culture, the mechanic arts, the English language, and the various branches of mathematical, physical, natural, and economic science, with special reference to their applications in the industries of life, and to the facilities for such instruc- tion. The sums appropriated by this act were to be paid annually on or before July 31 of each year, to the various State or Territorial Treasurers or to any other officer so designated by the legislature. Upon the order of the trus- tees of the various agricultural colleges, these officers were to pay over this money to the treasurers of the respective institutions entitled to it. These treasurers were to be re- quired to report to the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior annually on or before September 1, a detailed statement of the amount so received and of its disbursement. A further provision of the act was that if any portion of the money granted by this act should, by any action or con- tingency, be diminished or lost, or be misapplied, it should be replaced by the State or Territory to which it belonged ; and until such replacement no subsequent appropriation should be apportioned or paid to such State or Territory. No portion of this money was to be applied, directly or in- 42 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS directly, under any pretense whatever, to the purchase, erection, preservation, or rejwiir of any building or buildings. The president of each such college was to make an annual report to the Secretary of Agriculture and to the Secretary of the Interior regarding the condition and progress of the college, including statistical information as to its receipts and expenditures, its library, the number of its students and professors, and also as to any improvements and experi- ments made under the direction of any experiment stations at- tached to said colleges, with their cost and results, and such other industrial and economical statistics as might be regard- ed as useful. ^ The grants of money authorized by this act were made subject to the legislative assent of the several States and Ter- ritories to the purposes of the grants, as set down above. The first installment of this fund, known as the Morrill Fund because the act of Congress making the grant was called the second Morrill act, was for the year 1889. The Treasurer of the Agricultural College reports receipts from this source of revenue as folio ws:^ 1889 115,000 1898 » 823,000 1890 16,000 1899 1 24,000 1891 17,000 1900 i 25,000 1892 18,000 1901 » i 25,000 1893 19,000 1902 » 25,000 1894 20,000 1903 25,000 1895 21,000 1904 1 25,000 1896 22,000 1905 1 25,000 1897* . 15,000 Totcii 1 8360,000 » United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XXVI, pp. 417-419. * Census of Iowa, 1906, pp. cxix-cxx. •Change made in the ending of fiscal year. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 43 FEDERAL AID TO EXPERIMENT STATIONS By an act of Congress, approved March 2, 1887, it was provided that, in each State or Territory which had estab- lished or which might afterward establish an Agricultural College receiving aid from Federal land grants, an experi- ment station should be established as a department of such College. The purpose of this experiment station, as stated in the act, was ** to aid in acquiring and diffusing among the people of the United States useful and practical information on subjects connected with agriculture, and to promote scien- tific investigation and experiment respecting the principles and applications of agricultural science. " The law goes into considerable detail in enumerating specific lines of investiga- tion and information to be pursued at such experiment sta- tions, but these details are not of direct interest to us in this discussion.^ For the purpose of paying the necessary expenses of con- ducting investigations and experiments and printing and distributing results of such work, the law appropriated to each State and Territory complying with the provisions of the law, the sum of fifteen thousand dollars per annum. This sum was to be paid in four equal quarterly installments, on the first day of January, April, July, and October in each year, to the treasurer or other officer duly appointed by the governing boards of said colleges to receive the same, the first payment to be made October 1, 1887. Out of the first annual appropriation arising from this act, it was permitted that any station might expend an amount not exceeding one- fifth of that appropriation in the erection, enlargement, orre- 1 United SUUes Statutis at Large, Vol. XXIV, pp. 440-442. 44 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS pair of a building or buildings necessary for carrying on the work of such station. After the first year, an amount not exceeding five per cent of the annual appropriation could be expended for these purposes. The act provided further that if any part of the annual appropriation should remain unexpended at the end of the year the amount unexpended should be deducted from the next annual appropriation, in order that the amount of mon- ey appropriated to any station should not exceed the amount actually and necessarily required for its maintenance and supj)ort. The grants of money authorized by this act were made subject to the legislative assent of the several States and Ter- ritories to the purposes of such grants. Accordingly, at the next session of the General Assembly of Iowa an act was passed and approved March 1, 1888, giving such legislative assent to the uses of the money specified in the act of Con- gress by which the grant was made. By this law the State agreed to devote the money thus received to the establish- ment and support of an agricultural experiment station as a department of the Iowa Agricultural College, as provided by the act of Congress.^ The money thus appropriated for the Iowa Experiment Station has been and is being used in conducting experiments and investigations along the lines of agriculture, horticulture, and kindred research. A consid- erable number of bulletins have already been published and distributed. The amounts received by the State Agricultural College as a result of this law have been as follows:^ ^Law8 of Iowa, 1888, p. 215. ■CenstMo/Joioa, 1005, pp. cxiz-cxx. FEDERAL AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 45 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 t 3,760.00 1897 16,000.00 1898* ^6,000.00 1899 18,750.00 1900 15,000.00 1901 15,000.00 1902 16,000.00 1903 15,000.00 1904 15,000.00 1905 15,000.00 Total 15,000.00 7,500.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 -15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 15,000.00 $270,000.00 This money has been expended at Ames in accordance with the provisions of the act granting it. The work done at the experiment station is of considerable impoilance to agricul- tural and industrial education in Iowa. Results have proved and are proving that the granting of Federal aid to experi- ment stations is a wise and profitable policy. Hugh S. Buffum TuE State University of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa *From November 11, 1807, to June 80, 1898. Change made in ending of fiscal year. THE HISTORY AND PRINCIPLES OF THE WHIGS OF THE TERRITORY OF lOWA^ There seems to have been very little political activity in the Iowa District during the first year of its inclusion within the original Territory of Wisconsin. Frontier life and scat- tered settlements were not conducive to partisan or political activity Ijeyond the election of local officere and of represen- tatives to the Legislative Assembly. The county of Du- buque, with a population of 4,274 in 1836, elected five mem- bers of the House of Representatives and three members of the Council; while Demoine County, with a population of 6,257, was represented by seven Representatives and three members of the Council.^ The removal of the capital of Wisconsin Temtory to the town of Burlington in Demoine County created and stimula- ted a new interest in political affairs among the settlers of the Iowa District. Desiring to maintain the seat of govern- ment on this side of the Mississippi River and realizing that the success of the proposition to remove the capital to Madi- son would be to deprive them of political prestige and dis- tinction, the people of the Iowa country in 1837 began an agitation for the division of Wisconsin Territory. This movement had its origin in Burlington, where it was felt that that town would be the logical location for the seat of ^The material for this article was to a considerable extent obtained from data collected by Prof. Benj. F. Shambaugb for a documentary history of political parties in Iowa. *Shambaugh^s Assembly Districting and ApporiionmmU in Iowa in The Iowa Journal of History and rolitics, Vol. II, p. 620. THE WHIGS OF THE TERRITORY OF IOWA 47 government of the new Territory. In j^ursuance of this agi- tation a convention of delegates from the several counties west of the Mississippi River assembled at Burlington on November 6, 1837. At this meeting there was appointed a committee to draft resolutions in regard to the disputed boundary between the Territory of Wisconsin and the State of IVIissouri, a second committee on preemptions, and anoth- er committee to memorialize Congress for the organization of the Iowa District into a separate Territoiy. This Burlington Convention is notable as being the first political convention distinctly representative of the Territory west of the Mississippi River. A reading of the resolutions, too, will lead to the conclusion that the political intelligence of the Iowa pioneers was not a local or sudden accjuisition, but that these men had brought with them from Ohio, Illi- nois, Indiana, and from the eastern and the southern States their ideas of justice, their political principles and their par tisan creeds. Congress recognized the memorials and peti- tions of the people of the Iowa District; and on June 12,1838, President Van Buren signed the act which created the Terri- tory of Iowa. A new political status was given the pioneers of Iowa by this act. Additional counties had to be organ- ized, new assembly districts had to be created, and a delegate to Congress had to be chosen every two years. Governor Robert Lucas entered upon his duties in August, 1838, and issued a proclamation calling for an election, on September 10, for members of the Legislative Assembly and for a Dele- gate to represent the Territory in Congress. ^ ^Shambaugh^s Messages and Proclamations of the Governors of Iowa, Vol. I, p. 209. 48 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Members of the Legislative Assembly were elected on lo- cal issues such as temperance, the location of county seats, and on personal considerations. For the office of Delegate to Congress there were five candidates: William W. Chap- man and David Rorer, of Des Moines County, Peter H. En- gle, of Dubuque County, I^njamin F. Wallace, of Henry County, and Mr. Talliaferro. Party lines were not drawn and no nominating conventions were held — the candidates announcing their candidacy in the press and on the stump. The election in September resulted in the choice of William W. Chapman who received 1,490 votes, which was a majori- ty of thirty-six votes over Peter IL Engle, his nearest com- petitor. ^ In 1839 the annual election of the twenty-six members of the House of Representatives took place. Party affiliations were more of a factor than in the preceding election, but local considerations generally determined the choice of can- didates. "AVe know that the Governor is opposed to car- rying national politics into the Legislature," declared Tlie Iowa Patriot^ '^and so are we, and shall be until this ceases to be a Territory. Should opposition to the Administration develop it will cut off our supplies from Washington."^ At the election in August the Democrats secured a substantial majority of the Representatives elected. In the campaign and election of 1840 party lines and or- ganizations became distinct. Iowa was engulfed in the great political revolution of the year and her political history is, therefore, a phase of the national movement. The causes iFalrairs UanuoX of Iowa Politics, p. 11. » The Iowa Patriot, Vol. I, No. 4, June 27, 1830. THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 49 which were operating to dethrone the Van Buren regime were many and far reaching. The moral and economic ef- fects of the Distributing Act of 1837, Jackson^s destruction of the United States Bank, his blundering specie circular of July 11, 1836, and his organization of the ** spoils system" had fallen as a fearful legacy upon his ill-fated successor. The despotic party discipline of Jackson and Van Buren and the severe financial and industrial panic of 1837 had had a cumulative eflfect in producing a strong political current against the administration party. No other campaign in American history was ever marked by so much nonsense and so little sense as was the campaign of 1840. The Whig national convention adopted no plat- form, no resolutions, no address, and put forth no program of policy; the nomination of Harrison was made to insure the defeat of Van Buren. The unparalleled enthusiasm of the campaign found expression in great mass meetings, barba- cues, and in processions and parades to which the people came, not to be instructed, but to listen to violent political declamation, to indulge in hard cider and to sing campaign doggerel about ^'Tippecanoe and Tyler too.'^ The feverish excitement of the campaign infected the Ter- ritory of Iowa, and had the effect of thoroughly organizing the two parties and the campaign, and ultimately, the result of giving to Iowa its only Whig Territorial Governor. The acctvity of the Democrats called forth a protest from a meet- ing of Whigs at Burlington (on April 8, 1840) who desig- nated themselves as '' opponents of a political caucus to raise the standard of party politics in this Territory. '^ A resolu- tion was adopted declaring **That we deprecate the att-empts 50 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS that have been made and are daily being encouraged by many of our citizens, who profess to be friends of the pres- ent administration of the National Government, to draw the lines of party distinction between the citizens of this Terri- tory, as a measure that our political interests do not require, and one that is mischievous in its tendency and wholly un- caUed for.''^ Inconsistent with the above declaration but in accordance with the progress of party organization, the activity of the Whigs greatly increased. On June 10, a Harrison meeting was held at Wapello, in Louisa County, at which Francis Springer submitted resolutions which expressed disappoint- ment that elections would no longer be conducted without regard to partisan activity. **The administration friends have raised the standard of party, lit its smouldering fires and have thrown the gauntlet of defiance at our feet by call- ing Conventions to nominate candidates to be supported on partisan grounds." Under these circumstances the Whigs believed it to be their duty to establish a Whig party in the Territory, to organize at Bloomington and agree upon a can- didate for Delegate to Congress. A committee of five^ was appointed to act as a committee of correspondence with their political friends of the Territory, and joy was expressed in the nomination of William Henry Harrison for President.' A month later a similar meeting was held in Muscatine un- der the leadership of Philip Viele.* In Des Moines County ^Hatok-Bye and Iowa Patriot, Vol. I, No. 48, April 80, 1840. 'Edward H. Thomas, Jacob S. Binearson, Joseph Newell, William H. R. Thom- as, and William L. Toole. * Hawk-Bye and Iowa Patriot, Vol. n, No. 8, June 18, 1840. ^Hawk-Bye and Iowa Patriot, Vol. II, No. 7, July 10, 1840. THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 51 the Whigs justified their partisan activity by declaring that ^'partisan broils, proscriptions and discord have been thrust upon us. "^ Pursuant to the recommendation of the Louisa County convention a '^Congress of the People" assembled at Bloomington on July 29. The Whigs marched in a long procession to a grove where the ladies of Bloomington pre- sented a handsome standard to the Tippecanoe Club of Mus- catine County. .Mr. Ralph P. Lowe, the president of the club, in a brief speech accepted the present which was then dedicated to the Harriflon citizens of the Territory as expree- sive of the devotion of the club to republican principles and to the cause of general reform in the national administra- tion.^- At the conclusion of these ceremonies the meeting or- ganized by electing Col. Isaac Leffler, of Des Moines Coun- ty, as President and Joseph Webster, of Lee County, Fran- cis Ford, of Cedar County, and Levi Thornton, of Linn County, as Vice Presidents. W. G. Woodward, of Bloom- ington, and E. Thomas, of Wapello County, were chosen as Secretaries. It was then resolved to give the support of the convention to the candidate for Delegate to Congress who should be nominated at this meeting. On proceeding to a vote Alfred Rich received 120 votes; Philip Viele, 61 votes; and S. Whicher, 1 1 votes. Mr. Rich was then declared the nominee of the convention and recommended to the people of the Territory for their next Delegate to Congress. A committee of five' was appointed to prepare and to have pub- lished an ^ ^address to the people of the Territory." A cen- ^Hatok'Eye and Iowa PaJtrM, Vol. II, No. 8, Jaly 28, 1840. ^Hawh-Byt and lovfa Patriot^ Vol. n, No. 10, AuguBt 6, 1840. *Me68n. Learned, of Des Moines County, Whicher, of Muscatine County, Tay- lor, of Lee County, Watts, of Scott County, and Grimes, of Des Moines County. 52 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS tral Whig committee of five^ was also appointed and the meeting adjourned by recommending that all the counties appoint committees of vigilance and correspondence. No platf onn was adopted by the meeting and the address as published presents a long and wordy document in which the Van Buren administration is reviewed and its policies severely denounced. Regret is expressed at the advent of party strife over the election of a Delegate to Congress. **The restless ambition of our political opponents — their warm zeal as partisans, to manifest their devotion to Mr. Van Buren and to appropriate the measures of his adminis- tration" forced the Whigs to engage in partisan controversy. ^* Although we have no voice in the presidential election,'* declared the committee, **yet we have as deep an interest in a change in the national administration, as the citizens of the States. All the evils to be apprehended from a continuance of the present dominant party in power, and the good that we believe will result to the nation by the election of Gen. Harrison to the Presidency, we share in common with our fellow citizens throughout the country. "^ As the campaign progressed the contest grew animated. The 'Democrats had met in convention in Bloomington on August 19, and had placed Augustus C. Dodge in nomina- tion for Congress. The various issues of Jackson's and Van Buren's administrations were discussed in the press and on the stump, and a prominent Whig paper declared that Mr. Dodge held a lucrative position under the Federal govern - JR. P. Lowe, J. W. Brady. J. W. Richman, Moses Perrin, and W. G. Wood- ward. *Havok'Eye and Iowa Patnot, Vol. II, No. 10, August 6. 1840. THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 53 meat and but for that he never would have come to Iowa. Rich, the Whigs urged, would oppose the suicidal doctrines of the administration and combat a '* union of the sword and the purse. "^ The campaign was also described as a contest between the office holders and the people. ^ At the election of October 5, 1840, Mr. Dodge received a majority of 615 votes over Alfred Rich.^ The Hawh-Eye and Iowa Patriot declared that hundreds and hundreds of Whigs voted for Dodge out of personal and local considerations.* The Whigs gained some advantage in the elections to the House of Rep- resentatives which was now made up of fifteen Democrats and eleven Whigs. The elections to the Council resulted in the choice of seven Whigs and six Democrats. This latter fact is noteworthy because this was the only election in the history of the Territory which gave the Whigs a majority in any branch of the Legislative Assembly. The national campaign of 1840 had brought into existence and into extensive and powerful operation a system of con- trolling a vast number of votes. One feature of this cam- paign machinery showed itself in the famous Tippecanoe Clubs with their emblems of a coon, a log cabin, and a bar- rel of hard cider which typified the simple life and the home- ly tastes of the hero of this campaign. Several of these or- ganizations in the Territory of Iowa did effective service for the Whig party in disseminating Whig doctrines and in main- taining an effective force. In July, 1840, the Muscatine Tippecanoe Club was formed with a membership of 288 ^Hawk-Eye and Iowa Patriot, Vol. II, No. 10, August 6, 1840. ^Hatok'Eye and Iowa Patriot, Vol. II, No. 14, September 8, 1840. ^Hawk-Eye and Iowa Patriot, Vol. II, No. 27, Decembers, 1840. ^Hawk-Eye and Iowa Patriot, Vol. II, No. 22, October 29, 1840. 54 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS which included several men who became prominent in the later history of the State. ^ Its purpose was to further the election of William Henry Harrison. In January, 1841, the Tippecanoe Club of Burlington was launched into effective operation.^ As presenting a strong factor in party organi- zation and containing a statement of the fundamental prin- ciples of the Whig party, the constitution of this club is both illustrative and descriptive. The constitution in full reads: CONSTITUTION OF THE TIPPECANOE CLUB OF BURLINGTON Abticlb 1. This ABsociation shall be denominated the Tippecanoe Club of the City of Burlington. Abticle 2. Its object shall be to cooperate with the Harrison party throughout the United States, by advocating the following fun- damental principles of said party, viz: One Presidential Term. The Integrity of all public Servants. The Safety of the public Revenue. Freedom of opinion without Proscription. The Purity of the Elective Franchise, freed from official influence. A sound Currency, being the same for the Government as for the People. A limitation of Executive Patronage. The Government administered for the benefit of the Governed, and such other principles as may be vitally important to the perpetuity of our Free institutions. Abticlb 3. The Government of this Association shall be vested in a President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer and a Com- mittee of Vigilance of two members from each of the three Wards of this City. It shall be the duty of the President to preside in all meetings of '^Hawk-Eye and Iowa Patriot, Vol. n, No. 8, July 23, 1840. 'Hawk-Eye and Iowa Patriot, Vol. II, No. 35, January 28, 1841. THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 55 the ABsooiation. In case of his absence the Vice President shall pre- side, and in case of the absence of both the senior member of the committee shall preside. It shall be the duty of the secretary to keep a fair and accurate record of the names of all the members, the Pro- ceedings of the Association and carry on such correspondence with other associations of a similar character as may be thought advisable by the Government or the Association. The duties of the Treasurer shall be to keep and to make such use of any funds as may come into his hands, as a majority of the Gov- ernment may direct. The duties of the Committee of Vigilance shall be to attend all elections that may be held in this city — to keep a list of voters — and perform such other duties as may honorably and legitimately advance the principles advocated by this Association. They shall report from time to time, as the interests of the* Association may require. Article 4. The Meetings of the Association shall be monthly, or oftener, as a majority may determine. Article 5. At all the regular meetings of the Association any member shall be at liberty to introduce resolutions or discussions per- taining to the objects of the Association. Article 6. Any person above the age of 21 years may become a member of this Association by subscribing his name to this Constitu- tion. Article 7. This Constitution may be altered or amended by a vote of two-thirds of all the members present at any regular meeting. Provided notice be given at any previous meeting. officers of the TIPPECANOE CLUB President — William H. Starr Vice President — George Partridge Secretary — Silas A. Hudson Treasurer — H. W. Moore COMMITTEE OP VIGILANCE Ward No. 1 — David R. Cook, James McEell Ward No. 2— D. J. Sales, William H. Ladd Ward No. 3 — Jeremiah White, James G. Edwards 56 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The campaign for the year 1841 was set in motion by the following call in the Iowa Standard: ''We would name Burlington as the place and the first Wednesday in January as the time for a general meeting of such Whigs of the Ter- ritory as see proper to attend — compare notes — canvass our condition and prospects, and take such preliminary measures towards the organization of our party as will be likely to de- feat the thoroughly drilled cohorts of the present adminis- tration."^ In response to this call delegates from sixteen counties met in the Methodist Church at Burlington on Jan- uary 6, 1841. Ralph P. Lowe, from Bloomington, was chosen President and Francis Springer, from Louisa County, was elected Secretary. A congratulatory address to William H. Harrison was drafted and adopted and the meeting ad- journed by recommending that another Territorial conven- tion be held at Davenport^ to nominate a candidate for Dele- gate to Congress.^ Delegates to the Davenport meeting were chosen by the various counties during the months of March and April, and on May 5, forty-five Whigs met and chose William Sample, of Van Buren County, as President of the Convention. They mourned the untimely death of President Harrison and resolved to *'wear the badge of mourning thirty days." In John Tyler, the man who was destined to be disowned short- ^lowa Sta-ndard^ Vol. I, No. 8, December 11, 1840. ^lovta Standard, Vol. I, No. 14, January 22, 1841. *The term of office of the Delegate to Congress was two years; and Augustus C. Dodge, who had been elected on October 5, 1840, would regularly, have held his office for that time. But, by the provisions of the congressional act of March 8, 1839, amendatory of the Organic Act of the Territory of Iowa, the term of the Delegate to Congress was to expire on March 4, 1841. This necessitated the holding of an election for Delegate to Congress in this year. THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 57 ly by the party which had elevated him to oflSce, they ex- pressed firm confidence. John Chambers, who at that mo- ment was on his way to Iowa Territory to succeed Governor Robert Lucas, was commended as a ''sterling Democratic AVhig .... whose uniform devotion to the best in- terests of our country is a sure guaranty of his usefulness in this Territory. " Alfred Rich was again nominated for Dele- gate to Congress, and all the counties were urged to nomi- nate full county tickets. The convention also voted to pre- sent a banner to the county that should poll the largest Whig majority in the August elections.^ Serious alarm was shown by the Democrats on account of Harrison's election to the presidency and Webster's appoint- ment to be Secretary of State. The early convention of the Whigs stimulated them to prompt action in calling a conven- tion at Iowa City on June 7. One hundred and three dele- gates were present and intense excitement marked the gath- ering. The members formed a long procession accompanied by hundreds of cheering citizens and marched through the streets of Iowa City. A large banner was carried by the delegates on which was printed in large letters: ''Thomas H. Benton, The friend of the poor man, the western squatter and champion of equal rights. Against Henry Clay the de- nouncer of the pioneer of the West, the speculators friend, and supporter of foreign dictation. " On the reverse side was inscribed: "Democracy — our Country, against Daniel Web- ster and the Hartford Convention." Augustus C. Dodge was unanimously renominated for delegate to Congress.*^ ^llawk-Eye and Iowa Patriot, Vol. II, No. 60, May 18, 1841. •Iowa Standardy Vol. I, No. 29, June 10, 1841. 58 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS A speech-making canvass was conducted by the two can- didates for Congress, and at the August election the returns showed that Dodge had received 4838 votes and his oppo- nent 4315. The Democrats gained one Representative, and when the General Assembly convened on December 6 the House was made up of sixteen Democrats and ten Whigs. From the Whigs there arose complaint and dissatisfaction over the alleged unjust distribution by the Democrats of the oflSces in the Legislative Assembly. This drew the fire of the Democratic press which reviewed the party tactics of the Whigs. It pointed out how the Whigs had denounced and reviled the conventions of the Democrats, while at the same time they were masquerading under such names as '* Friends of an anti-caucus meeting", '* Congress of the People", and other deceptive titles. But in the campaign of 1840, the prospects of Whig success had induced them to make war upon the Democrats with all the abuse and villification of the bitterest partisans. 1 By the temporary victory of the Whigs in electing a Presi- dent in 1840 the Territory of Iowa was given a Whig Gov- ernor, John Chambers, who began his duties on May 13, 1841. This appointment by President Harrison was a sore disappointment to the Democrats which found expression in newspaper protests and in convention resolutions. The Democratic Territorial convention met at Iowa City on the 27th anniversary of the Battle of New Orleans; and, after drafting a letter to General Jackson expressing high admira- tion of his military and political services, it resolved, ' * That the removals of government officers in this Territory, within ^lowa Capitol Reporter, Vol. I, No. 8, December 18, 1841. THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 59^ the past year, by the arbitrary power of the general govern- ment, and the importation hither by the same arbitrary pow- er of a swarm of strangers from the remotest comers of the continent to fill our offices and govern our citizens, were un- warranted and indecent assumptions by the authorities at Washington, not called for by the public interest or the pub- lic wish, but in opposition to both, and grossly disrespect- ful to the people of this Territory."^ The question of securing the admission of Iowa as a State with all its attendant problems now became the pivot around which party politics centered. For some time the germ of Statehood had been in the public mind. In 1839 Governor Lucas had urged the Legislative Assembly to memorialize Congress upon the subject;^ Stephen Hempstead, the Presi- dent of the Council, had spoken in favor of it;^ the report of the committee on Territories in the National House of Rep- resentatives favorable to the admission of Iowa had encour- aged Governor Lucas to repeat his recommendations to the Legislative Assembly in the extra session of 1840; and, in accordance with his recommendations that body had passed '^An Act to Provide for the expression of the opinion of the people of the Territory of Iowa as to taking preparatory steps for their admission into the Union. "* The overwhelm- ing defeat in the October elections of the plan to hold a constitutional convention* had, however, precluded all f ur- ^lowa Capitol Reporter, Vol. I, No. 7, January 15, 1842. 'Shambaugh^s Messages and Proclamations of the Oovemors of Iowa, Vol. I, p» 146. •Shambaugh's History of the Constitutions of Iowa, pp. 148-140. ^Laws of Iowa, 1839-1840, Extra Session 1840, p. 61. ■Shambaugh's Documentary History of Iowa, Vol. I, p. 137. 60 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS ther agitation of the subject during the administration of Governor Lucas. But following the recommendations of Governor John Chambers in December 1841^ the Legislative Assembly on February 16, 1842, passed ''An Act to pro- vide for the expression of opinion of the people of the Ter- ritory of Iowa, upon the subject of the formation of a State Constitution and Government, and to enable them to form a Constitution for the State of lowa.^ Now arose a wave of political discussion which was to last through the summer months of 1842 and which was to ebb and flow for four years. Territorial politics from now on assume a distinctly local character and national issues become subordinated. Ail the questions arising from the measures directed towards the goal of Statehood become the main is- sues upon which candidates are nominated and campaigns waged. The press and the stump now become the arena of discussions which present a striking contrast to the noisy demonstrations of 1840. From the Johnson County Whig convention there came an early protest in a resolution declaring * ' That we look up- on the proposition to erect this Territory into State jurisdic- tion, as being premature and calculated, if carried into ef- fect, to increase our present embarrassments, and load us with new burthens, without yielding us any adequate return of political security, happiness or freedom."* The Iowa Capi- tol Reporter^ the leading Democratic journal, in a rhetorical appeal to local pride said: '*Our present condition as a Ter- 'Shambaugh's Messages and Prodamations qfthe Governors of Iowa, Vol. I, p. 252. •Shambaugh'8 Documentary History of Iowa, Vol. I, p. 137. •Iowa Standard, Vol. II, No. 24, May 14, 1842. THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 61 ritory, is that of colonial vassalage, which is at all times hu* miliating .... We approach the General Govern- ment in the attitude of a suppliant, beg like a slave for the crumbs that may perchance, be left after a division of the loaf amongst the States, and at the same time, Iowa is pour- ing her thousands into the public Treasury, from the sale of the lands within her limits, and what does she get in return?"^ Partisan feeling ran high on the question of holding a con- vention. The Whigs, realizing their minority in the Terri- tory, were aware that a favorable vote on the convention question would mean the election of a majority to that body, the formation of a Democratic State Constitution which, if adopted, would result in the election of Democrats to ad- minister the new government and the f uU inauguration of Democratic policies in the State. The Democrats on the other hand, who were responsible for the Act of February 16, 1842, were equally as zealous in favor of the convention. The Whigs pointed to the election of October 5, 1840, at which the convention proposition had been defeated by 1,970 votes, and declared that the vote meant a decisive settlement of the question. To this the Democrats replied that the brief interval between the passage of the Act of July 31, 1840 and the election on October 5, 1840, had not allowed the public mind to become versed in the subject sufficient to express itself fairly. Then too, they argued that the great advance in industry and prosperity and the unparalleled growth and influx of population called for a resubmission of the question. The discussion now widened itself into a debate on the ad- ^lowa Capitol Reporter, Vol. I, No. 26, May 28, 1842. ^2 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS vantages and the evils to follow from a condition of State- hood. It would give the State character and reputation abroad. '^The little States of Rhode Island and Delaware", dexjlared the Iowa Capitol Reporter^ **are each represented in Congress by two Senators and a Representative, whilst Iowa, possessing a greater population than either, has no vote in either house. "^ The weight and influence of a represen- tative in Congress would aid the State in effecting a perma- nent settlement of the vexed boundary dispute with Missou- ri.^ Independence, freedom, and the privilege of choosing their own public servants would be gained. To the argu- ment of the Whigs that the people were not yet capable of managing the affairs of a State Government judiciously the Democrats replied that such a statement savored very strong- ly of distrust of popular government. **Are the people of Iowa all aliens, minors, and women?" sarcastically asked the Lee County Democrat.^ Commercially, the Democrats urged, the Territory would be benefited by increased immigration and settlement and Jby the improvement of the rapids of the Mississippi River. ■^^The Rapids will never be improved until Iowa becomes a State," urged the Burlington Gazette.^ The Territory hav- ing no political weight in Congress, the pleadings of its Dele- gate would remain unheeded. It was declared that the price sof every bushel of wheat and of every pound of pork, as well as the price of imports by way of the river, was influenced hj the obstacles to navigation on the Mississippi River. iJotoa CapUcl BeporUr^ Vol. I, No. 26, May 28, 1842. ^Iwoa CapUol B^K^rUr, Vol. I, No. 84, July 28, 1842. ^Quoted in the Iowa CapUol Beportor, Vol. I, No. 8, January 22, 1842. -^Quoted in the Iowa CapUol S^porim', Vol. I, No. 29, June 18, 1842. THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 63 A study of the discussions and an analysis of the motives entering into the vote on the convention question lead to the observation that the point of increased taxation was the strongest argument of the Whigs and to the conclusion that it was the most vulnerable point in the Democratic defense. In vain the Democrats prepared tables, statistics, arguments and promises of retrenchment in public expenditures. They pointed out the benefits to be derived from the Distribution Act and from the interest to accrue from the school fund. But nothing could dislodge the conviction that Statehood would require increased taxation, and so the laborer, the miller, the storekeeper, and the farmer accepted the Whig argument and voted for a continuance of the paternal dona- tions from the United States Treasury to pay the expenses of the Territory. At the election of August 1, there were cast 4129 votes in favor of the convention and 6825 votes against it^ The Whigs gained two members in the House of Representatives but lost one member of the Council to the Democrats. By the political repudiation of President Tyler by the Whig members of Congress, Henry Clay assumed the full leadership of the party and became the author and champion of its policies. His wide popularity had reached the Whigs of Iowa of whom the Iowa Capitol Reporter said that they were not Tyler men but- that Henry Clay was the cynosure of all their hopes and the Bank of the United States was the idol of their affections. * * The Whig Patty is a Clay pa/r- ty in the Territory. ^ ^ His advocacy of the policy of inter- nal improvements and his denunciation of the evils growing ^8hambMigh*8 Vocummdary HUtcrjf cflawa, Vol. I, p. 187. 64 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS out of the sale the public lands caused the same journal to charge him with having a bitter animosity against the inter- ests of the Territories — and especially against those of Iowa. With great indignation it charged that he had applied the epithets ** plunderers of the public domain" and *' club-law men" to the settlers of the new Terrritories. ^ Territorial politics of 1843 is centered largely about the selection of a Delegate to Congress. **Let us go systemat- ically to work, " urged a Whig journal, * * nerved by the stem determination that Iowa shall no longer be represented by Locofocoism. Let meetings be held in every county, all aiming at the convention of a mass meeting at the Capitol. Let committees be appointed in each precinct to bring the Whigs together — to awaken the disaffected from the lethar- gy which recent events have conspired to produce, and by concert action to so organize the party that all the wily trick- ery of Locofocoism will be unable to swerve them from that duty which they owe their country, their party and them- selves."* The press of Burlington mentioned (in April) the name of Ralph F. Lowe as a candidate for Delegate to Congress.' The Iowa Standard mentioned William H. Wallace as an ardent champion of Whig principles and endorsed him for Delegate. It also suggested that a candidate might be agreed upon by holding county conventions without a formal state convention. In May an informal gathering of Whigs at 1 Jotoa Capitol Reporter, Vol. I, Nob. 9 and 34, January 29, 1842, and July 23, 1842. 'Copied from The Davenport Gazette in the Iowa Standard, Vol. Ill, No. 18, April 6, 1843. •The Iowa Standard, Vol. m, No. 19, April 13, 1843. THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 66 Iowa City had appointed a committee of five^ to communi- cate with the various counties in regard to the approaching election. This committee issued a statement urging the con- centration of Whig forces and asked the counties to hoM pri- mary meetings to determine whether or not a nominating convention should be called. If the counties should desire a convention the committee would name July 4 as a suitable date. 2 The primary meetings indicated a sentiment favor- able to holding a convention; but early in June Jesse Bow- en, the chairman of the committee, issued another statement saying that July 4 afforded too little time for action on the part of all the counties of the Territory. The committee therefore recommended that the convention assemble on July 19.« It was a time of apathy among the Whig forces. The Johnson county Whigs believed that a Territorial convention would be inexpedient, but heartily endorsed the candidacy of William H. Wallace.* Various Whig meetings and several newspapers expressed similar views, and so the proposed convention of July 19 was finally abandoned. With ironi- cal glee a Democratic editor wrote on July 21, **So great was the rush that the Capitol was filled to overflowing . . . . The whole affair passed off in a peaceable manner, so quiet indeed that few of our citizens were aware of the im- portant event transpiring in the city."* ^Jesse Bowen, William L. Gilbert, Silas Foster, Samuel H. McCrory, and A. E. McArthur. *IIoioa TerrUarial OcutetU and BurlingUm Adveriizer^ Vol. Vm, No. 50, Jane 21, 1846. THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 81 rights; that we highly approve of the efforts made by the Whig members of the two Houses to prevent the passage of said law, and that it behooves the people of Iowa, if they wonld preserve her rights unimpaired, to check the reckless- ness of Locofocoism, and its contempt for the established usages of our forefathers."^ During June and July the Constitution became the vital and engrossing question on the poUtical forum and in news- paper editorials. The main arguments were centered about the boundary question and the vigorous campaign conducted by the two candidates for Congress, Augustus C. Dodge and Ralph P. Lowe, gave interest and zeal to the discussions. Dodge's letter of March 4, 1 845, was an effective campaign document in the hands of the Whigs. He had, however, a record of accomplished efforts in Congress and the Demo- crats pointed to his untiring labor in behalf of his Iowa constituents. Mr. Lowe, on the other hand, had no con- gressional record and was forced to adopt and to counsel a negative policy. ^^It is all important that a friend of the Constitution be sent to Congress with it, '' argued the Iowa Capitol HeporteTj ^*Mr. Lowe being opposed to the Consti- tution, and to admission under it, his election would be fatal to our best interest, it would also be viewed as a condemna- tion of our Delegate, Greneral Dodge, for demanding in the name of one thousand freemen, our convention boundaries."^ Again Augustus C. Dodge was returned to Congress, and for the second time the Constitution of 1844 had been delib- 1 The Davenport OaxeUe, VoL IV, No. 46, July 8, 1846. •linoa Capitol RepcrUr, Vol. IV, No. 24, July 28, 1846. 82 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS erately rejected but only by the narrow margin of 421 votes.^ It was a sore disappointment to the Democrats to see the fruit of four years of efforts in the direction of Statehood defeat- ed by the untiring opposition of the Whigs and their allies. In discussing the causes of the defeat, a Democratic journal said in tones not unmixed with bitter resentment: ''First in the list stands the pertinacious and willful misrepresentation of the Whig press relative to the boundaries .... The short turn taken by the federal politicians, in charging upon the democratic presses, which have alluded in a spirit of candor, to the pernicious influence of their fraudulent and dishonest course, a disposition to impeach the intelligence and integrity of the people, is but an additional proof of their abandoned recklessness. "^ Hardly had the excitement of the August election subsided when the proposition of calling another constitutional con- vention was widely discussed. James Clarke, whom Presi- dent Polk had appointed on November 18, 1845, to succeed Governor John Chambers, was a sterling Democrat and had long been active in urging Statehood. In his first inaugural message he deplored the defeat of the Constitution, referring to the ' 'misrepresentation and mystification" that he believed had much to do in effecting it, and assured the Legislative Assembly of his hearty cooperation in any steps looking toward the incorporation of Iowa into the Union as a State.^ On January 17, 1846, the Governor signed ** An Act to pro- iShambaugh's Documentary History of Iowa, Vol. I, p. 184. Uowa Capitol Reporter, Vol. IV, No. 29, August 27, 1845. •Shambaugh^s Messages and Proclamations of the Oovemors of Iowa, Vol. I, p. 819. THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 83 vide for the election of delegates to a Convention to form a Constitution and a State Government."^ Thirty-two delegates were to be chosen in April, and the Convention was to convene at Iowa City on the first Monday in May. Both parties now strove to elect a majority of the delegates but disclaimed any designs for securing the control of the convention. * 'Aware of their hopeless minority in the Territory," said a Democratic organ, ''and of their con- sequent inability to effect any political object by direct ef- forts, the Whig press are endeavoring, by special appeals to the people against an adherence to principle, to exert a con- trolling influence in imparting to the new constitution a par- tisan bias in accordance with their own principles, and in fashioning it after the Whig standard .... What unmeaning, empty sounds are these terms, 'party constitu- tion' and '7w?-party constitution'!"^ The April elections showed that the Whigs had elected but ten delegates and that the Democrats had a majority of twelve.^ The Demo- crats, therefore, dominated the proceedings of the conven- tion, but were careful to forestall many of the objectionable features which had brought criticism upon the former consti- tution. Once more the Whigs arrayed themselves against the Democrats in opposing the adoption of the Constitution. They denounced it as a partisan measure and directed the force of their arguments against the radical clause which pro- hibited paper money and banking institutions. The sound- iShambaugh's Documentary History oflowa. Vol. I, p. 187. 'Shambaugh'8 Debates cf the CoTistUutional Conventions of 1844 and 1846, p. 885. "Shambaugh's History cf the Constitutions cf Iowa, p. 202. 84 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS est discussion of the Constitution and one of the ablest con- tributions to the constitutional history of Iowa is, without doubt, the letter of William Penn Clarke to the electors of Muscatine, Johnson, and Iowa counties. Mr. Clarke was the Whig candidate for the Council and this letter, appearing in a Whig journal as a statement of his position, is a splendid epitome of the Whig arguments against the adoption of the Constitution of 1846. **The adoption of that instrument", said Mr. Clarke, ** will prove greatly detrimental, if not entirely ruinous to the near- est and dearest interests of the people, by retarding the growth of the proposed State, in population, commerce, wealth and prosperity." The Constitution was objection- able: First, *' because it entirely prohibits the establishing of banking incorporations — ^institutions which exist, not only in all the States of this Union, but in every civilized nation of any commercial or political importance .... The effect of the article on Incorporations will be to make Iowa the plunder ground of all banks in the Union." Second, ** because it prohibits the construction of internal Improve- ments." Third, **It proposes an experiment with our judi- cial system. " The result of subjecting the judges to a popu- lar election would be **to place upon the hench political par- tisanSj^^ and *'to elevate to the judiciary second or third rate men in point of talents and legal acquirements." Fourth, **/iJ does not secure to the people^ the right to elect their county officers .... It makes no provision for the election of township oflSicers by the people." Fifth, **Not a single letter can be stricken from it without calling a Con- vention. This is impolitic as well as unusual, — impolitic THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 85 because it prevents improvements which experience may sug- gest and unusual because it is unlike other Constitutions."^ At last the voters of Iowa had adopted a Constitution. It was with a degree of felicitation that Governor Clarke pro- claimed that in the election of August 3, the Constitution had been adopted by a majority of 496 votes. ^ The agita- tion and discussion of seven years had finally borne fruit, and the designation by the Governor of October 26 as the day for holding the State election at once set in motion the en- tire campaign machinery of the two parties. From the Whig Territorial Central Committe there issued on August 26 a call for a ''Convention of the Whigs of the State of Iowa" to be held in Iowa City on September 25. The committee directed that each county should elect one delegate for every hundred votes, and urged the Whigs of the several counties to take efficient steps in bringing out candidates for Senators and Representatives. The call fur- ther urged that a thorough organization of the Whigs be effected in order to bring out the full voting strength of the party in the election of October 26.' There were no pre-convention contests over nominations and the proceedings of the convention were marked by a per- functory harmony. William G. Woodward, of Muscatine County, was appointed as temporary Chairman and H. S. Finley, of Scott County, as temporary Secretary. On mo- tion of the convention the chair appointed committees on ^Shambaugh's Debates of the Constitutional Conventions of 1844 and 1846 ^ pp. 847-865. •Shambaugh^s Messages and Proclamations of the Governors of lowa^ Vol. I, p. 860. •Iowa Standard, Vol. I, No. 11, August 26, 1846. 86 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS organization, ^ on credentials^ and on resolutions.^ By the adoption of the report of the committee on organization the foUowing became the permanent oflSicers of the Convention: President, R. P. Lowe, of Muscatine County; Vice Presi- dents, Nathaniel Meyers, of Van Buren County, and George H. Walworth, of Jones County; Secretaries, George H. Part- ridge, of Des Moines County, and William H. Tuthill, of Cedar County. Candidates were voted upon by ballot and the vote was taken by counties. Thomas McKnight, of Dubuque County, was chosen to make the race for Governor against Ansel Briggs the Democratic nominee. Joseph H. Hedrick, of Wapello County, and G. C. R Mitchell, of Scott County, were nominated for Representatives in Congress. For Secretary of State and for Auditor, James H. Cowles, of Van Buren County, and Eastin Morris, of Johnson County, were nominated respectively. The nomination of Egbert T. Smith, of Muscatine County, for Treasurer completed the Whig ticket. The foUowing were selected to serve as the Whig Executive Committee for the State of Iowa: Jesse Bowen, Eastin Morris, and Samuel H. McCrory, of Johnson County, Henry W. Starr, of Des Moines County, John H. Randolph, of Henry County, J. W. Cruikshank, of Van IF. H. Warren of Des Moines County, Robert Gower of Cedar County, H. T. Beid of Lee County, J. L. T. Mitchell of Van Buren County, and Francis Porter of Mahaska County. 'Ebenezer Cook of Scott County, L. D. Stockton of Des Moines County, J. M. Dougherty of Dubuque County, James H. Cowles of Van Buren County, and J. A. Stevenson of Muscatine County. *6. C. R. Mitchell, of Scott County, E. M. McGraw, of Cedar County, Dr. Holmes, of Lee County, Silas Foster, of Johnson County, and James W. Grimes, of Des Moines County. THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 87 Buren County, E. T. S. Schenck, of Muscatine County, James McManus, of Scott County, and Isaac M. Dougherty, of Dubuque County. Another committee appointed to pre- pare an address to the people of Iowa was made up of the following delegates : F. H. Warren, Francis Springer, Wil- liam H. Tuthill, Ebenezer Cook, Jesse Bowen, and R P. Lowe, the President of the Convention. A platform of seven planks was reported by the commit- tee on resolutions and adopted by the Convention. The second plank, which contains the fundamental principles of the party, is as follows: JResolvedy That we, as Whigs, do proudly and unhesitatingly pro- claim to the world the following distinctive and leading principles^ that we as a party avow and advocate, and which if carried out we honestly believe will restore our beloved country to its wonted pros- perity and our institutions to their pristine purity: 1. A sound national currency, regulated by the will and authority of the People. 2. A Tariff that shall afford sufficient Revenue to the National Treasury and just Protection to American labor. 3. More perfect restraints upon Executive Power, especially upon the exercise of the Veto. 4. An equitable Distribution of the Proceeds of the sales of the Public Lands among all the States. 5. One Presidential Term. 6. Expenditure of the Surplus Revenue in National Improvements that will embrace the great Rivers, Lakes and main arteries of com- munication throughout our country; thus securing the most efficient means of Defense in War, and Commercial Intercourse in Peace. ^ The adoption of the Constitution they regarded ''as an event not calculated to promote the future welfare and pros- i/otoa standard^ VoL I, No. 16, September 80, 1S46. 88 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS perity of the State of Iowa, and that it is our imperative duty to procure its speedy amendment." The Democratic plat- form, on the other hand, contained no reference to any State issues. Its nine planks were devoted to the administration of President Polk; the war with Mexico was justified; and the resolutions extolled the brilliant military exploits of Gen- eral Taylor and his army in and about the Mexican capital. ^ On October 14 the committee appointed by the convention to prepare an address to the people of Iowa issued its state- ment. This document is an elaboration of the principles expressed in the platform and a denunciation of Democratic measures and policies. The committee expresses its faith in a ''dignified and firm" Foreign Policy, and in a "just and equitable system of import duties." A "Sound National Currency" is advocated and "a strict and honest adminis- tration of the various departments of public service" is urged. President Polk's administration is denounced for having pro- voked a war which "leaves on our hands the stain of blood unrighteously shed;" and the committee charges that the management of the war was marked by imbecility and want of system. 2 The discussion in this address of the clause on Incorpora- tions in the new Constitution is instructive and important in the light of the subsequent constitutional history of the State. The paragraph in full reads: In the Constitution forced upon you by the party in majority, is a clause prohibitory of all special acts of Incorporation for banking, insurance or other financial purposes, thereby making us dependent ^FairaU, Manual cf Iowa Politics^ p. 17. •Iowa Standard, Vol. I, No. 18, October 14, 1846. THE WHIGS OF IOWA TERRITORY 89 for a oirculating medium upon the issues of those same institutions in other States. It is not even contended that this interdict upon the making and uttering of bank paper with us will obviate or lessen the assumed evils of a mixed circulation. On the contrary, it is a well authenticated fact, that we have not and cannot have one-fourth of the amount of specie requisite to represent value. Our State is now the common receptacle of paper medium from every State in the Union; making losses by counterfeited and altered notes and spurious emissions, a thing of daily and hourly occurence; one too which in- creases with the swell of our population and the extension of our means. But we do not complain of this alone. The fact of the in- corporation of such a restriction in the Constitution of our State, was in itself an overstepping of delegated authority, in which powers be- longing to the people were taken from them and placed under the ban of a fixed instrument, in contemptuous disregard of reserved rights and of the discretion and intelligence of the true sources of political power. 1 The defeat of the entire Whig ticket in October gave to the Democrats an ascendancy in State control which contin- ued for eight years and during which time Iowa was repre- sented in Congress by a Democratic delegation. The history of the Whigs of the Territory of Iowa is the chronicle of a minority party. They never succeeded in electing a Delegate to Congress and the Legislative Assem- bly of the Territory was controlled by Democratic majori- ties. The party never secured a majority in the Constitution- al Conventions, and the defeat of the Constitutions of 1844 and 1846 would not Jiave been accomplished with an un- broken Democratic support. Territorial statutes do not bear any special marks of Whig principles. The election i/oioa standard. Vol. I, No. 18, October 14, 1846. 90 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS returns show that the Territory was thoroughly Democratic in sentiment and that the Whig party had no consistent growth as compared to the increase of the population. The party had no great mission until its heterogeneous elements under the moral stimulus of opposition to slavery extension disintegrated and then crystallized into the Republican par- ty in the year 1856. Louis Pelzer Iowa City, Iowa ALEXANDER HAMILTON : AN ESSAY ON AMERICAN UNION. 1 Alexander Hamilton: an Essay on American Union is the title of a recent volume by Frederick Scott Oliver, an Englishman. An English estimate of Hamilton would, in any event, be of considerable interest, but the critical study of Hamilton by Oliver is of very unusual interest because of the motive of the essay. Oliver's examination of Hamil- ton's career and influence is primarily not a study for Ameri- cans, but for Englishmen. Mr. Oliver is a political philoso- pher upon the destinies of the English Empire. It has been held by not a few that the American States were facing, at the beginning of the 19th century and the close of the 18th, the same problem that to-day confronts the British Empire. It is essentially the problem of the union of many states, the development of an efficient central power in the place of a mere sentiment, the establishment of a real sovereignty in the place of a compromise arrangement based on real or imagined interest. Mr. Oliver considers that the policy and the political philosophy of John Bright were tested and tried and proved wanting in the thii'ty years from 1850 to 1880 — a policy that encourages independence in the vaiious states of the Empire, and which bases their union solely upon interest and sentiment rather than upon authority and real sovereignty. He believes the time has come when the ^Alexandm' Hamilton: An Essay on American Union. By Frederick Scott Oliver. 92 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS policy of free commercialism and mutual interest and senti- ment will no longer suffice, and that these are, at best, untrustworthy bonds and feeble cement for a stable and efficient government.^ Mr. Oliver believes the time has come for an awakening and a new departure; for a political renaissance. He con- tends that sacrifice on the part of individual states is neces- sary in order to the confirmation and the stability of the central and sovereign government. He believes that men are ready for such sacrifice in the various portions of the Brit- ish Empire, and for shaiing its mutual burdens. He argues eloquently concerning the moral obligation, the high duty on the part of all British dependencies and peoples, of ac- cepting the rich stewardship which has come to them from a most remarkable past and from political and commercial cir- cumstances unparalleled in all history, and not likely to be duplicated in the future.^ Mr. Oliver, however, utters a warning against the easy assumption that Britain may find in American history and American experience a cheap and easy example which she may follow, and argues sanely enough that no nation can find a perfect example in the political experience of any other. ^ Even two peoples so nearly akin in political ideas as the British and the American cannot solve each others problems. Each must work out its own destiny, evolve its own institutions, out of its own political life. As in horti- culture every distinct locality must develop its own varieties ^Oliver's Alezander HamiUon, pp. 47^-486. •Oliver's Alexander HamiUonj p. 486. "Oliver's Alexander Hamilton^ p. 7. ALEXANDER HAMILTON 95 of fruit adapted to its own soil and dimate, so must the po- Utical institutions of a people spring from the soil of their own political convictions, experience, and capacities. Mere paper constitutions have always been pitiable failures. Eev- din, h.v« .iway, ended in di«a«r except .hen they were the legitimate and essentially I'ational self assertion of a. people able in the outcome to crystallize into eflSicient expres- sion the political ideals which belonged inherently and of right to them as a people. And so, Mr. Oliver insists that whatever instruction and guidance England may find in the study of American his- tory, it can only be of value as it is critically used. We detect something of tJie duiracteristic English arrogance in his blunt statement that it has never been the function of Britain to follow precedents, but rather to make them. ^ It is, however, of keenest interest that such a man as Mr. Oliver, searching and trenchant and independent in his criti- cism of existing English policies, and with his fundamental conviction of the need of a real and efficient imperialism in the place of what he considers to be a somewhat weak con- federacy, should turn to Alexander Hamilton and with decided relish analyze Hamilton's ideas of government and trace the establishment of those ideas in the American Fed- eral Union. Mr: Oliver does not join the company of Hamilton's idol- ators. He maintains an independent spirit, yet is very frank in his admiration, and on the whole puts an estimate upon Hamilton and his services very gratifying indeed to Hamil- ton's American admirers. We somehow feel, and perhaps* >01iyer*s Alexander Hamitton, p. 7. 94 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS with entire justice, that such an estimate by an Englishman has a certain validity which would not carry when propounded by an American, for we Americans have been reared and bred in the atmosphere of the American political parties. We inordinately admire or we intemperately disparage the great leaders in our history according to our partisan pre- conceptions and prejudices. It gives to our complacent re- publican souls a very hearty glow of satisfaction to find an EngUshman estimating our HamUton almost more highly than we would dare ourselves to place him. To quote. He says in the introduction of his essay : ' * In the great rebel- lion Washington was the master spirit. But when the war had ended, Hamilton became the master spirit of America. In the great struggle to prevent the breaking of the Union, Lincoln was the master spirit. In his fitness for the par- ticular crisis, Hamilton was the equal of these men, and it would be hard to find higher praise. In character he was their equal; in force of will; in eflSciency; in practical wis- dom; in courage and in virtue. But in a certain sense his greatness surpasses theirs, for it is more universal and touches the interest of the whole world in a wider circle. ^ It was Hamilton's good fortune to have been appreciated by the great and good men who were his contemporaries. Indeed this could scarcely have been otherwise considering the enormous influence that Hamilton acquired and the domi- nating influence of that power in all of the constructive work of the earlier period of our history. His was the organizing genius of the hour. Judged by his mastery of the political conditions which he had to meet, and considering the man- > Oliver's AUxanier BamilUm, p. 6. ALEXANDER HAMILTON 95 ner and method of that mastery by wielding convincing arguments based on fundamental and sound principles of gov- ernment, and considering the comprehensiveness of his ideas and the fact of their establishment in the constitution and policies of a great nation, Hamilton stands almost, or quite, without a peer among the constructive statesmen of history. Of course Hamilton did not achieve alone and unaided. No statesman is sufficient unto himself. Hamilton had Washington and Marshall and many lesser but important co-laborers in his great task of nation building, but the ideas were Hamilton's. The clear cut outlines and enunciation of principles were his. From the time that Hamilton drafted the address issued by the first convention at Annapolis to the completion of his reports as Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton's was the constructing, organizing genius of the hour. He was the master spirit; the leader. In these respects, even Washington was second, not first. Men of lesser depths and mental power and of narrower horizon, faltered by the way. When defections occured, as in the case of Madison; when opposition organized and became nag- ging, jealous, and unreasoning, as in the following of Jeffer- son, Hamilton seemed to shake himself and to step forward with hitherto unrevealed power, crushing opposing arguments by the sheer weight of logic, appealing to men's better mo- tives, loftier patriotism, and nobler sentiments; generous and fair and open, as he could afford to be, and as it was his nature to be even when mercilessly felling, nevertheless, his politi- cal enemies. A more signal, individual, political victory has seldom been witnessed than the triumph of Hamilton in New York State as he contended first of all for representa- 96 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS tion on the part of New York in the second convention meet- ing at Philadelphia and afterwards to be known as the Con- stitutional Convention; second, in carrying New York for the Constitution against Clinton, who was a consummate political organizer and a violent ^'states rights" man and an anti-Federalist or, as we might appropriately characterize him, an anti-Constitutionalist and an anti-Nationalist. Clin- ton b«i . dear «>d Uoge n>.iority with Mm and proposal at first to have no constitutional convention held in New York. Hamilton won the day and the convention was call- ed. Clinton went to the convention with two-thirds of the « delegates in his following. Hamilton with a few stalwart men by his side began hammering away on the stone wall of as thoroughly organized and obstinate opposition as was ever faced by a political leader. Clinton and his party had the votes, but day after day they flinched and quailed before the sheer intellectual power of Hamilton. Clinton became un- certain of his following and dared not press the matter to a vote. Hamilton knew that every day was counting in his favor and for the adoption of the Constitution by New York. Melancthon Smith finally broke from Clinton, declaring him- self convinced by Hamilton's arguments. Word came of the acceptance of the Constitution by New Hampshire. On the closing day of the convention B[amilton spoke for two hours with such alluring prophesy and with such buoyant optimism concerning the future, based upon an efficient na- tion fiowing from a real union of States and with attributes of sovereignty, that '^he made his hearers thoroughly drunk with dreams of an ecstatic future." And then he turned abruptly with his final reserve argument. It was a blow, ALEXANDER HAMILTON 97 against which opposition could not rally, for he said to them, as one speaking with authority, that if they &iled to adopt or tangled any act of adoption with important amendments and conditions, that Manhattan Island, West Chester, and Kings Counties would certainly secede from New York and form a State by themselves, leaving the rest of the State without a seaport, contemptible and impotent.^ Hamilton's power lay in the weight of his ideas, the utter clearness and force of his convictions. As though bom for the crisis, Hamilton entered upon his public career, though young in years, with mature intellect, at the period when po- litical chaos must become a cosmos or end in utter confusion and disaster. While as yet but a mere lad, Hamilton was pushed forward to participate in a public debate on the issues of the hour, and astonished his audience by his clear argu- ments and statement of principles involved. The wonder is, says Oliver, that a precocious youth having made his debut in this fashion should ever have been heard of again. ^ This incident, however, was but the opening of a most remarkable career of leadership. As early as 1780, at the age of 23, himself then a busy and burdened soldier, having his hands full of a laborious correspondence for Washington, with no experience of business beyond what he gained as a boy in a merchant's oflSce in the West Indies, he sent an anonymous memorandum on the financial situation to Robert Morris, who had undertaken the great task of financial sec- retary of the government.* This memorandum reveals a ^Atherton^s The Conqueror, p. 800. •Oliver's Alexander HamiUon, p. 28. •Oliver's Alexander Hamilton, p. 85. 98 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS remarkably wide reading on finance, particularly when we consider the eventful and busy career of this mere boy up to the hour when the memorandum was prepared. Oliver says there is something in this memorandum a great deal more valuable than the evidence of a critical reading of books. ^ ' It is an argument from experience. It was but a small section of human affairs that formed the basis of his theo- ries— the ledgers of the West Indian merchant, for whom Hamilton clerked, and the starvation of the Federal army — but he viewed these scraps of reality in a light of such intense understanding that they were suflScient for the purpose in hand."^ He urges the establishment of a national bank. *'The bank is realized down to its quills and ink pots as vividly as in its international operations." Hamilton urges here a consideration that was fundamental in his financial and political policy — the binding to the government by interest the moneyed and influential classes. In a second memo- randum, ^ in 1781 (Hamilton was then 24), he argues at length that a national debt is a blessing because it interests capital and capitalists in the government. It is a good thing for men of means to hold the notes of the government in the form of bonds. They will be vitally interested in maintain- ing a sound financial policy and in establishing national credit In a letter to Duane,^ Hamilton argues that the funda- mental effect of the Confederation is the want of power in Congress. He insists that it is the clear duty of Congress 1 Oliver's Alexander HamiUoiij p. 86. 'Oliver's Alexander HamiUon, p. 86. 'Oliver's Alexander Hamilton, p. 87. ALEXANDER HAMILTON 99 to usurp the powers necessary in order to preserve the re- public. At that hour this was an extrenaely bold position. We may not wonder so much that a mere stripling, full of enthusiasm and patrotism, should have the boldness to make such suggestion, particularly as the responsibility for such an act rests with others. But the wonder of it is that this mere lad here enunciates a fundamental idea, to the realiza- tion of which, in a firm federal government, he devotes his splendid talents with a courage and persistency, an optimism and an unwavering conviction that mark him as a very prince of leaders. We must realize, says Oliver, the deep seated prejudice against which Hamilton and his co-laborers were obliged to contend.^ There was almost an insane jealousy of any central authority or power. They had known such authori- ty only in the forms that they considered oppressive and subversive of their dearly cherished liberties. There was almost no spirit of nationalism ; only the germ of national- ism in the sense of a common danger from a common enemy and that enemy was the imperial parliament and the King. Oliver thinks we have been disposed, both in England and America, to overestimate the sentiment of union in America and particularly at the period when the construc- tive work of nation building had to be done. "Another view of the matter has been put forward upon high authority. We have been told that, in the passionate heat of victory, a unanimous and patriotic impulse, working in half -molten metal, wrought and fashioned a noble consti- tution. This statement is dramatic, but untrue. No trav- ^Oliver^s Alexander HamiUonf p. 97. 100 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS esty of the facts conld indeed be more complete. The metal was stone-cold, full of cracks and flaws and fissures, when the Convention of Philadelphia, six years later, welded it together. After more than four months of angry debate, the Union was in the end confirmed, but only by a narrow majority and amid indignant protests. Upon its first an- nouncement, it had many more enemies than friends through- out the continent; for every State claimed a separate sov- ereignty, and was reluctant to part with any shred of its authority. Only after a long and difficult assault were they persuaded that there would be a greater benefit in the sur- render. " ^ Oliver blunders here in his estimate of the American sit- uation. It is true, there were jealousies enough to overcome, but latent within the people of the American Colonies there was a sentiment and a conviction for nationality. Indeed no convention of delegates could have framed a constitution that would have been treated with anything but utter con- tempt by the legislatures and the States if there had not been this latent nationality in the hearts of the people. And so, while Mr. Oliver magnifies the work of Hamil- ton by arguing that he overcame the eidsting apathy and indifference and jealousy, in a far more important sense he underestimates Hamilton's statesmanship; for he is the true and constructive statesman who formulates into true utter- ance the ideas and ideals that are, as yet, only in the sub- consciousness of the people; but are, nevertheless, there struggling for liberty of spirit and for adequate and perma- nent expression. In this respect Hamilton was the prophet ^Oliyer^s Alexander JJamifton, p. 4. ' • •• ; t ♦ _ • • • *■ ALEXANDER HAMILTON 101 of the hoar. With alert intelligence he seized upon the opportunity which arose from the very failure of the first convention at Annapolis and framed the address to the sep- arate States which this convention put forth, asking most respectfully that delegates be appointed by all the States to meet in Philadelphia the following May '*to take into con- sideration the situation of the United States, to devise such further provisions as shaU appear to them necessary to ren- der the constitution of the Federal government adequate to the exigencies of the Unions ^ Hamilton's next great stroke was in his convention speech at Philadelphia, which, though not preserved to us except in briefest outline — the more's the pity — is described by those who heard it as being masterly and convincing in the highest degree. Hamilton had prepared for this hour, in- deed his whole career had been a preparation, and he, per- haps more clearly than any other, not excepting Washing- ton, realized the crisis. He was in the legislature of New York State with the clear purpose of being effective for the accomplishment of the great task before the distracted coun- try, and against a hostile opposition secured the election of delegates to the Constitutional Convention, of which he him- self became one, although yoked irritatingly to a couple of "states rights" men and adherents of Clinton's — Justice Yates wid John Lansing, Jr. The very fact of his being yoked with these men is sufficient evidence of the strength of the opposition which Hamilton overcame in securing the appointment or election of any delegates at all for represen- tation in the convention.^ > The Federaim^ p. 10. >Lodge*8 Alexander Hamilton^ p. 67. 102 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Hamilton evidently watched the progress of the discussion in the Constitutional Convention at Philadelphia and timed his own utterance to the psychological moment for greatest effect. His review, in the six hours' speech which he made, of the weaknesses of the Confederation was but a resume of the considerations which had been gradually shaping them- selves in the minds of the delegates and indeed were becom- ing obvious to all men. Building upon this basis, he pro- ceeds in his argument to the necessity for certain checks upon any legislative assembly that might be constituted, and clearly states the essential and fundamental divisions of government which had grown out of colonial experience and had been established by the most liberal governments, viz: executive and legislative and judicial departments. He then presented to the Convention his plan for a constitutional republican government. It is not of interest to us, and Mr. Oliver did not consider it of importance, to analyze in de- tail Hamilton's plan. Its chief significance is probably in this, that Hamilton at the psychological moment startled and challenged the Convention to the conception of a gov- ernment, efficient and sovereign, dealing directly with indi- viduals and not alone through States, and resting itself upon the people, who should elect the executive and the legisla- tors; a government entirely capable of levying taxes, collect- ing revenue, marshalling an army, building a navy, making treaties, above all, establishing public credit and able to enter into commei'cial agreements advantageous and stimu- lating with other great governments. From the vision of this hour, held before their minds by Hamilton in a speech which consumed six hours in delivery, the Convention was ALEXANDER HAMILTON 108 never able to divorce itself. It is quite probable that Ham- ilton did not expect an unconditional acceptance of his plan. But it is also improbable that it was not presented in utter sincerity and seriousness. Its chief value, however, was in the challenge which it gave to the imaginations of men, hide- bound and prejudiced as they were in an obstinate provin- cialism which rendered them, for the most part, more jeal- ous of their local states rights projects and prerogatives than anxious for a nation. The Constitution, as formulated, was a compromise; rath- er, a series of compromises, quite as unsatisfactory to Ham- ilton as to Washington. It seemed to Hamilton that it was but the beginning of a government, but he believed it infi- nitely better than the first Confederation, and with charac- teristic optimism, which never failed him, he believed that out of it might grow a government adequate in power an^ resources for the needs of the hour and of the future. The Constitution having been formulated and presented to the States, the Herculean task remained of winning for it acceptance by at least nine of the States. Concerning Ham- ilton's services in his own State of New York, we have already spoken, but the influence of his pen and the power of his reasoning extended far beyond the bounds of his own State. The Federaliat^ a series of papers upon the Consti- tution, urging its adoption, has been pronounced the ablest exposition of the science of government extant, and the par- ent of American constitutional law. ^ John Marshall builded upon the foundation which Ham- ilton laid. Indeed it was Hamilton's unique distinction that ^Atheiton's Tht Conqueror, p. 209. 104 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS even his bitterest political enemies, when they came to pow- er (as in the succession of Democratic Presidents: Jefferson, Madison and Monroe), were obliged by the sheer force of political logic to build upon the foundations which Hamilton laid and to stay true, essentially, to the ideas which he had advanced. Madison, at that time co-laboring with Hamil- ton, not yet allied with the growing opposition, and Jay, co- operating with Hamilton in the Federalist papers; but it is probable that Hamilton wrote sixty-three out of the eighty- two numbers, and it is certain that the constructive ideas were his. One can scarcely avoid the temptation to conjecture and speculate as to what might have been. Had Hamilton been a member of the congress of the Confederation at certain critical periods of its brief and inglorious history; could he have indoctrinated men with his nationalistic ideas a little earlier; and could the Constitutional Convention have accept- ed a stronger constitution ; and could the adoption of such a constitution have been carried in the States; and could the heresy of State sovereignty have been laid in its grave at this period of genesis, what distress and agony and bloody sweat might not the nation have avoided. That State sovereignty was not dead was alarmingly evident in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions. The Kentucky Resolutions were writ- ten by Jefferson himself; the Virgina by Madison. They were promulgated in 1798. Their immediate cause was the Alien and Sedition Laws, that most unwise and irritating achievement of the Federalist party in an arrogant exercise of its power. This most unwise encroachment upon, indivi- dual liberty and freedom of the press gave the Democrats ALEXANDER HAMILTON 105 their opportunity — Republicans they were called at that time by a strange misnomer — and the Kentucky and Vir- ginia Resolutions were the result. With all the effort at explaining away the meaning of these resolutions formulated by Jefferson and Madison, respectively, the plain fact re- mains that nullification and secession were there, ready for birth at some opportune hour when the malignant furies should brew a broth of madness for the souls of impassioned men. The sovereignty of the national government was not estabUshed on secu,^ foundations and did not go unqnes- tioned until after Appomattox. Could Hamilton have had his way, this insidious heresy would have been smothered in the beginning and the long and bloody via dolorosa from Sumter to the tragedy in Ford's Theater in '65 need not have been trod. Yet, may it not be that only through such sorrow and la- bor of spirit could a real and enduring national sovereignty be established on the granite foundations of a peoples' con- victions and patrotism. Mr. Oliver scarcely gives sufficient credit to the virtues or the value of the party of opposition. It is hard for Jeffer- son to get much meed of praise from the critical historian. He lacked definiteness of conclusion. He was essentially a m«. of exp«Uency. Hb philosophy shift«l «>d ™ L leidoscopic. Arguing, and no doubt sincerely, against what he conceived to be the deadly tendency toward centraliza- tion of power, he could, nevertheless, when he himself be- came President, consent to the extension of the executive and legislative power of the government far beyond any logical justification in his own principles, as in the Louisiana Pur- 106 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS chase, and to the formation of a temporary government for Lonisiana Territory more arbitrary and less democratic than any ever devised under the forms of a republican democracy. And yet it is probable that the future historian will give a meed of credit to Jefferson and his followers which it is hard for them as yet to secure. Jefferson's name has been one to conjure with. All sorts of political ideas have found shel- ter under its shadow, until (mirabile dictu ! ) William J. Bryan, a Jefferson admirer, stands for government ownership of railways. Such an extension of Federal power and patronage would have transcended the wildest dreams of the Federalists of 1798. Hamilton did indeed suggest, as a means of counteracting the effect of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (which asserted the right and power of the State to nullify Federal law and that the State itself should adjudge when aggrieved by such laws) that the United States enlarge its own func- tions by extending the judiciary more completely to the every day life of the citizens; by a large system of public roads and canals; by national patronage of agriculture and the arts; by increasing the army and tlie navy; by giving Congress, if possible, the right to divide the large States.^ But this was too strong for the stomachs even of Federalists in that day. It would seem, however, a legitimate application and extension of Hamilton's principles that Federal authority should be clothed with adequate power to deal directly with individuals and with corporations affecting the larger com- mercial and political relations of the people which transcend 1 The American Nation^ Vol. XI, p. 278. ALEXANDER HAMILTON 107 the limits of the States, and the Federal authority is being efficiently extended at this hour in the very lines of Hamil- ton's policy. Mr. Oliver evidently considers that Hamilton's ideas upon manufactures and upon protective tariff would place him to- day among moderate protectionists. One may be permitted to express the conviction that Hamilton would be among the first to recognize and to protest against some of the inequali- ties, not to say iniquities, of a tariff which protects a few inordinately wealthy lumber men in exploiting and sacri- ficing to their cupidity the forest wealth of the country and that only hastens with terrible certainty the exhaustion of our most important natural resources. Just what Hamil- ton would think or do under the present conditions, it may be rash for us to presume, but we may at least say that, as his political heirs, we may consistently stand for an efficient Federal authority over our dependencies; that this Federal authority should be exercised in the broadest spirit of true statesmanship, not to exploit these possessions to our selfish and greedy interests, but to develop and civilize them under an enlightened political and commercial policy, believing that in the end we shall reap the larger harvest of national reward if we can thus secure as a result, prosperous and enlightened and happy peoples. Hamilton, who stood staunchly against a breach of faith on the part of the United States in the earlier stages of na- tional independence with reference to the financial obliga- tions owed to British subjects, and who stood so staunchly in the origins for a sound and honorable financial policy and for the firm establishment of national credit, would never 108 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS aanction any form of repudiation whether in cheapening standards of value or in juggling with the printing press in in the issue of fiat money. Hamilton's principles have prevailed. And coming back again to our author, Frederick Scott Oliver, and to the significance of his study of Hamilton, we find it admirably summed in this brief paragraph at the close of his volume: ''The final question with us, as with Hamilton, is how we may convert a voluntary league of states, terminable upon a breath, into a firm union. It is useless to regret what has been done or left undone during the past century; but it is not altogether profitless to consider in what position we might have found ourselves to-day had British policy during that period proceeded on the centripetal instead of on the centri- fugal principle." ^ A. B. Storms The Iowa State College of Agriculture AND Mechanic Arts Ames ^Oliver's Alexander HamiUon^ p. 486. COMMUNICATION AN ANSWER TO THE STATEMENTS IN THE DIABT OF ROBERT LUCAS CONCERNING GEN. WILLIAM HULL. The July, 1906, number of The Iowa Journal op History ani> Politics '< disinters old bones" by the publication of the diary of Robert Lucas, who served in the Detroit army under Gen. William Hull until the surrender of August 16, 1812. It appears from the introductory preface that this diary has been the source of much literature condemnatory of Gen. Hull concerning the Detroit Campaign, and that Lewis Cass plagiarized its contents in the preparation of his September, 1812, report of the surrender, which report largely contributed to the Court Martial conyiction of Gen. Hull, it being receiyed and considered as eyidence. It is uniformly conceded now by all students of history that the surrender of the Detroit army was compelled because the Comman- der-in-Chief, Major General Henry C. Dearborn, disobeyed his orders, and abandoned it (See Vols. 5 and 6 War Records), and because of insubordination in the Detroit army, which culminated in a conspir- acy hereinafter shown of which Lewis Cass was the promoter and manager. So far as the Court Martial conviction of Gen. Hull is^ concerned it was a mere supplement to the army conspiracy, with Gen. Dearborn assuming the role of promoter and manager and Lewis Cass, as the star witness. The Court Martial trial was a farce conducted in violation of Hull's legal rights — as any fair lawyer will concede after reading the report of it. The Court was packed with Gen. Dearborn's pets, as the delegates of a caucus are packed. Gen. Dearborn was President of the Court, and as such tried his own case and decided in favor of himself. All the proceedings of this Court. Martial were void because a previous Court Martial, with Gen. Wade Hampton as President, was in existence to try the same man for the same offence and had already acquired jurisdiction. The order sub-- 110 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS seqaently entered in the War Office dismissing Hall from the army was a bastard order upon its face, and was a Toid order because it saperceded the final order of remittal made by President Madison who alone by Article 65 of the Military Law, possessed the power to make an order in the case. President Madison did not order that Gen. Hall be dismissed from the army, bat by an order of remittal in effect pardoned him and restored Hull to all his rights as a citizen and soldier, and all Courts have uniformly so decided. That order of dismissal was surreptitiously injected into the War records by the same influence which organized the army conspiracy, which selected Gen. Dearborn as President of the Court Martial, which abstracted and suppressed the War Records from the files, which concealed contents of public records from the people, and which stole Dearborn's armistice from the War Office and concealed its contents. A perusal of the Court Martial trial report will prove that none of the orders commanding Gen. Dearborn to aid the Detroit army were produced, and neither were the records produced which proved that from the day war was declared, on the 18th of June, until the day of surrender, August 16, 1812, Gen. Dearborn never sent a soldier or a pound of powder or provisions to aid the Detroit army. All fair-minded students of military law will admit that if Gen. Dearborn had been tried by a Court Martial, accused, first of neglect of his duties as Commander-in-Chief, second of disobeyance of orders to aid the Detroit army, third of compelling the surrender of Detroit by signing without authority on August 8th the agreement known as the armistice with the British Commander, Prevost, that his con- viction would have been a certainty. That agreement was in force about three weeks and permitted the British and Indians to march unmolested to Detroit and capture it. President Madison indignantly repudiated it and sharply and peremptorily again commanded Gen. Dearborn to relieve the Detroit army from its perilous situation. But Dearborn did not do this, as the letter of Gen. Harrison dated August 10th and Dearborn's letter of August 8th prove. All this may not be material here, however, except in so far as the statements of this Lucas diary wronged Gen. Hull by being copied COMMUNICATION 1 1 1 into the Cass report, and by being received as evidence by the Court Martial and subsequently injected into school-books and histories. In order to destroy Hull three powerful agencies combined as fol- lows: 1st: All the political power of the Madison administration, not- withstanding it had, four months after the surrender, condemned Dearborn for causing it (Vol. 6, pp. 200, 258 &c. War Records) and notwithstanding all of Hull's acts up to August 8th, had been ap- proved officially. (See letter Sec'y War, Eustis, to Hull of August 8th.) 2nd: All the military power of Commander-in-Chief Dearborn. This is why the Court was constituted mainly of his military favor- ites and the orders and proof of their disobeyance commanding Dear- born to aid the Detroit army were suppressed and why that armistice was stolen from the files of the War Office and its contents concealed. drd: All the power of the militia conspiracy which was organized at Detroit and was patronized and utilized by Dearborn at Washing- ton. But this combination, powerful and almost invulnerable as it was in those days, did not condemn Hfill by an unanimous vote of the members of the Court Martial, and the farce of its conviction and sentence to be ''shot to death" is shown by his being given his lib- erty and requested to go home and stay until he heard from the Pres- ident. But it must be conceded that finally the conspiracy succeeded; and now after nearly a hundred years have passed, this Lucas diary is freshly printed with the avowal that it was the source of many state- ments which students of history have long since exploded as false- hoods. That there was a conspiracy in the Detroit army to seize and de- pose Gen. Hull and place Lewis Cass in command is now a conceded fact, and Cass began the agitation of it as early in the campaign as when the army was at Ucbana. It was here that Gen. Hull incurred the enmity of the Ohio militia (by invoking the aid of the regulars and compelling the militia to obey his marching orders), and it was 112 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS here that Cass aided and incited the insubordination and began to write letters disparaging Hall and intriguing to supplant him in com- mand. While the conspiracy was organized, Gen. Hull was not seized because the conspirators could not agree as to whether Col. Cass or Col. McArthur should be put in command. This statement is proven by Hatch's History of the War of 1812^ page 40 (and by the authority below quoted), Hatch having been present in camp, as follows: A coDsaltation was held and it was decided to get up a Round Robin as it was called, addressed to the three ColonelB of the Ohio Volunteeis, requesting the arrest or displacement of the General and devolving the command on the oldest of the Colonels, McArthur. This was on the 12th, of August. The proof that Cass was the officer selected by some of the con- spirators is a paper signed by them of which, however, there are two versions. One version is printed in Wing's JStstory of Monroe Coun- tt/y Michigan^ page 91, and is as follows: We signers hereto agree to seize Gen. Hull and depose him from command and to defend the fort at all hazards. Signed hy Lewis Cass, Charles Lamed, David CoofJer, Joseph Campau, Oahriel Oodf red and 76 others. One of the above signers Charles Lamed became one of Michigan*s renowned lawyers and had a son Sylvester, lilEewise a famous lawyer, who made a speech in 1889 after the death of David Cooper, the last survivor of the signers. The occa- sion of the speech was a meeting of the Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society at Detroit, which is reported in Vol. 14, p. 86, of its proceedings, wherein he de- scribed the delivery of the other version of the agreement to him by his father as follows: ^* Sylvester, '' his father said, taking out the paper from his desk, yellow with age, ^* I am about to divulge to you a secret that you must never divulge until I am dead.*^ And never until the last survivor died who had a part in' that trans- action did I ever state that I held in my hands the secret history of the causes of the success of Detroit^s most iniquitous surrender, which was that Lewis Cass and others laid a p^an not a conspiracy and signed a Round-Robin with these fatal words in the center to the effect: ^* We whose names are here written agree to surround Hull and putting the command in Lewis Cass prevent the surrender of Detroit to the British.*^ It was the existence of the spirit of this conspiracy which accounts for the refusal of two companies of the Ohio militia to cross the De- troit River, which accounts for the desertion of two companies of the Michigan militia under Gapts. Knagg and Shover and which accounts COMMUNICATION 113 for the omission of Cols. Cass and McArthnr to retam to Hall's aid after Brock had demanded surrender of the fort notwithstanding they had knowlege of the fact and receiyed two orders toward sunset of August 15th, to return with their detachment as they admitted under oath, and as proven by the Lucas diary. This Detroit army was a small one, and the absence of Cass and McArthur with such a large detachment crippled it. Lucas and Cass say the detachment numbered 850; Hull stated its number at 500; Aid-de-Camp Wallace placed the number at 800; and Scribner's mili- tary writer, Mahan, after careful investigation fixed it at 500, where- in he is corroborated by leading historians. All accounts agree that Cass and McArthur picked their most effective men as the proposed expidition was regarded as dangerous. 0 The report of the Court Martial trial proves that Cass and Mc- Arthur received word by two messengers towards sunset of the 15th, from Hull, that Gen. Brock had demanded surrender of the fort and orders to return immediately. Some idea of their distance from the fort is gained from the fact.that Hull sent his messengers after them immediately after Brock's demand which he refused about noon, who delivered the orders to return toward sunset. Cass and McArthur ad- mitted that the orders were not immediately obeyed as the troops rested, but starred early the next morning; and both stated that on the morning of the 16th they arrived within two or three miles of the fort and within sight of it about 10 o'clock. Cass testified that they were within a mile and a half of the fort. Therefore, they had sixteen or seventeen hours wherein to hasten to the relief of their comrades in the fort by traveling the same distance covered by Hull's messengers within a few hours. After arriving near the fort, while they were near Spring Wells where Brock's troops were crossing, in- stead of giving a signal or firing a gun or sending word of their com- ing, and while, as Lucas states, the 'l. Roberts it appears that under convoy of the armed Brig Cale- donia, he arrived at Mackinaw July 17, and captured it. The vessel Detroit was also there, u]M>n which Lieut. Hanks and his captured garrison were shipped, arriving at Fort Detroit and held under its battery on July 20, as stated by Lucas. 8th. In regard to the force under Capt. Chaml)ers of 250 with brass field pieces the letter of Gen. Brock dated July 2o proves that he ordered that force to Sandwich to oppose Hull, and on the 4th of August they had arrived on their march as far as the river La Trafich (now the Thames). 9th. It ap- pears that several gun boats and the Queen Charlotte described by Lucas as a *' 20 gun ship " were there, and that the armed vessels Hun- ter and Prevost were also there; and without reference to the Cale- donia or the Detroit or gun boat No. 7, it is safe to say that the British fleet menacing the fort consisted of three armed vessels with crews aggregating at least a hundred sailors and marines and not one American sailor, marine, or ship to oppose them. On the other hand there was left of the Michigan militia on the day of surrender only 150 as testified by Col. Watson, who was with them and not 300 as stated by Lucas. All that was left fit for duty of the 4th Regiment regulars, as testified by Col. Miller and Capt. Eastman, was 260. The army had been depleted by killed, wounded, and missing in the battles under Maj. Denny, Maj. Van Horn, and Col. Miller at least 175 men. About 60 men were left to garrison the forts and block-houses built on the road from Urbana to Detroit, 33 were captured on the vessel Cuyahoga, 25 were left sick at the river Raisin, 500 were absent with the Cass detachment, the sick of the 4th Regiment numbered 86 and the same proportion of sick exist- ed in the militia regiments. The 57 men who ciime on the boat De- troit from Mackinaw were on parole and could not aid. The fort was crowded with decrepit men, women, and children who were of no use. Whether the number of Hull's force was as stated by his Adju- tant Jessup, between 750 and 950, or whether as stated by Cass and COMMUNICATION 119 Lucas at 1060, is not very material so long as British and Canadian records, as collected by the late Gen. Joseph Wheeler, absolutely prove that HulPs force was outnumbered by the British and Indians more than live to one. According to Lucas this **army" on the 12tbKday of August was situated as follows: efrom the Southwest, by W. M. Davis; Pyrite from Cormwally Lebanon County, Pennsylvania, by Charles Travis; Elementary Species in Agriculture, by Hugo de Vries; Dilute Sid- phuric Acid as a Fungicide, by Henry Kraemer; The San Francisco Earthquake of 1906, by George Davidson; Th€ New Agriculture, by Burnet Landreth; and Points of Interest Involved in the San Fran- cisco Earthquake, by George Davidson. 7%e Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science for September, 1906, considers Woman^s Work and Organi- zations, The articles are the result of a more or less extensive study of forty-six State federations of Women's Clubs, comprising a mem- bership of eight hundred thousand. An effort has been made to define the meaning of the Women's Club movement, to determine its influ- ence in various sections of the country, and to ascertain the results of efforts in the fields of philanthrophy and charity, education and civic work. Some interesting side lights are presented by the insertion of Workingtcomen and the Laws: A Becord of Neglect, by Josephine 128 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS C. Goldmark; and Men^a Viewa of Women^s Clubs^ a sympofliam. The volume also inoludes the general proceedings of the eighth bien- nial convention of the general federation of Women's Clubs held in St. Paul, Minnesota, May 30 to June 8, 1906, as well as communica- tions on pure food, child labor, and the relief of the poor. The Navy of the American Revolution^ its administration, its policy, and its achievements, by C. O. PauUin is the title of a duo- decimo volume of over five hundred pages. The author tries to con- sider the creation and achievements of the navy from the administra- tive point of view. The dramatic and brilliant events of naval encounters are passed over almost unnoticed; and the same in a large measure may be said of the efforts and motives of the naval com- manders. The attempt has been made to narrate the efforts made to establish a navy by giving the origin, organization, and work of naval committees, secretaries of marine, navy boards, and naval agents abroad or at home, as well as the evolution of naval legisla- tion. The author groups the naval movements into classes and endeavors to give a critical judgment on the final results. Only a few of the cruises and encounters are described and the selections are of typical ones and the narrations are briefly told. In short the author has endeavored to give the origin, evolution, progress, and final results of the American navy during the War of Independence in a well balanced narrative and apparently he has succeeded. lOWANA The Library Bulletin of the Iowa Masonic Library completed its ninth year with the November, 1906, issue. The Iowa Medical Journal closed its twelfth year and thirteenth volume with the issue for December, 1906. Early Iowa Lawyers and Judges is the title of a short article by John F. Dillon in the May-June, 1906, number of the American Law Review. SOME PUBLICATIONS 129 TJie Alumnus^ the monthly published by the Alumni Association of the Iowa State College, began the second volume with the issue for October, 1906. The Orinndl Review^ the monthly devoted to the interests of Iowa College and its graduates, commenced its second year and volume with the October, 1906, issue. The Northwestern Banker y a monthly journal of banking published at Des Moines, Iowa, completed its eleventh year and volume with the issue for December, 1906. The Des Moines Daily News celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary, November 25, 1906, by issuing a large illustrated edition containing much historical material. The Story of the Public Archives of Iowa, by Benj. F. Shambaugh, is given in the Mail and Times for November 17, 1906. It has also appeared in a four page reprint. The Iowa Alumnus^ the monthly publication issued by the Alumni Association of The State University of Iowa, began its fourth year and volume with the number for October, 1906. The Senate and House Journals of the thirty-first General Assem- bly of Iowa, 1906, were recently distributed. The Journals are quite extensive and make volumes of 1384 and 1561 pages respectively. A choice bit of lowana is The Iowa Pioneer and his Ideals^ an . address delivered by Thomas H. Macbride, June 12, 1906, on the- occasion of Education Day of the semi-centennial celebration of the city of Cedar Rapids. A Compilation of Iowa Cases in Probate Law^ by Barry Gilbert, of the College of Law of The State University of Iowa is a forty- eight page pamphlet issued in April, 1906, by the publisher, M. L. Person, Iowa City, Iowa. The Washington County Press (Washington, Iowa), after over fifty years of continuous issue, made a change on November 28, 1906, by adopting the magazine form and appeared as a thirty-two page quarto, the form to be used hereafter. 180 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS PrancU Marian^ a paper read before the Abigail Adams Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Des Moines, Iowa, February 12, 1906, is published as the leading article in the November, 1906, number of the American Monthly Magazine. The AnnaU of the Grand Lodge of Iowa, A. F. A A. M., volume XX, part I, contains the proceedings and correspondence of the sixty- third annual communication held at Des Moines, June 5-7, 1906, and makes an illustrated volume containing over three hundred pages. The Protozoa of lowa^ by C. H. Edmonson was issued by the Da^y- enport Academy of Sciences in December, 1906. This publication is a monograph containing one hundred and twenty-three pages and thirty plates which exhibit the two hundred and nineteen figures illus- trating the species described. A new illustrated monthly magazine to be known as The Mtdwes- tern began publishing in September, 1906, under the auspices of the Greater Des Moines Publbhing Co., Des Moines, Iowa. Each issue comprises about one hundred pages of printed matter, much of which relates to Iowa and her people. At Work on the Public Archives of Iowa was published in the Register and Leader for November 4, 1906, and subsequently as an eleven page reprint. This article tells of the work of reclaiming the time-worn and sadly neglected state papers and of their transference to the newly established Hall of Archives. The Laet Will and Jeatament of William Clement Putnam, of Davenport, Iowa, has been issued by the executors in a neat brochure form of twenty-four pages. The Davenport Academy of Sciences becomes the beneficiary of the will. Mr. Putnam's large library on American history also goes to the Academy. A JBistory of the County of Montgomery^ by W. W. Merritt, issued in 1906, is a well printed and illustrated volume of three hun- dred and forty-four pages. In thirty-one chapters, the author, a long time resident of the county, gives the story of the county from the pioneer days to the year 1906. The volume is well made from a SOME PUBLICATIONS 131 printer's standpoint and the history is interesting to a stndent of local conditions and institutions due to the fact that the author has instinct- ively used the historic method in his treatment of the development of the sociological conditions of the county. iSome Autumn Days in lotoay by Frederick J. Lazell, is one of those superb publications where author and printer work in harmony to attain perfection. The book contains two essays entitled: An Octo- ber Day in Iowa, and Some November Days in lotoay in which are portrayed the beauties of nature as observed by appreciative eyes. A Report on The Public Archives^ by B. F. Shambaugh, is an illus- trated pamphlet of thirty-nine pages issued as a reprint from the Annals o/ lotoa for January, 1907. In the coiisideration of the sub- ject the writer gives general information, presents the situation in Iowa as well as the problems relating to the public archives, and fol- lows with recommendations. The Proceedings of the twelfth annual meeting of the Iowa State Bar Association held at Des Moines, July 12 and 13, 1906, were dis- tributed the following December. The volume comprises nearly two hundred pages of print which in the main is made up of addresses delivered at the meeting. The officers of the Association are: H. M. Towner, President; D. D. Murphy, Vice President; Charles M. Dutcher, Secretary; and Charles S. Wilcox, Treasurer. The next meeting will be held at Davenport, July 11 and 12, 1907. The quarterly BvUetin of Iowa Institutions under the Board of Control for July, 1906, has besides the report of the quarterly meet- ing of the Board the following contributions: Heredity vs. Environ- ment CLS an Evidence of Juvenile Delinquency , by L. D. Drake; Musical Odds and Ends, by F. P. Fitzgerald; 7%€ Pathology and more Eecent Theories Concerning the Etiology of General Paresis, by M. N. Vol- deng; Responsibility of the State as a Public Ouardiany by C. £. Faulkner; Bacteria and Diseases of the Nervous System, by Charles £. Ingbert; Some Observations on the Medical TrecUment of Insanity, by Max £. Witte; Female Nurses for Male Insane Patients, by R. M. Phelps; Musings Concerning Nurses in Hospitals for the Insane, 132 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS by W. P. Crumbacker; and Cure for Cofisumptiony by D. W. A. Evans. An illustrated memorial volume on 7%€ Life and Labors of Theo- dore Sutton Parnn authorized by the Grand Lodge of Iowa, A. F. A A. M., was issued in October, 1906. In a volume of three hundred and fifty pages the author, Joseph £. Morcombe, traces the story of the long and vigorous life of one who labored in his adopted State for more than two generations. Mr. Parvin came to Iowa in 1838 as private Secretary to Governor Lucas. His earlier years as a resident were spent at the center of the commonwealth's political development and of educational growth, a period of intense activity because of the largeness of the promise the future seemed to hold. Into thb period of activity Mr. Parvin entered with great enthusiasm and continued long and well in helping to mould the beneficent policies for the pub- lic weal. In 1844 the Grand Lodge of Masonry was instituted in Iowa and Mr. Parvin at once became Secretary of the state organiza- tion and except for one year he continued as such until the day of his death in 1901. Beyond the pioneer period in Iowa Mr. Parvin is best known for his work in the field of Masonry. No man stood so long in the counsels of those in authority and by his activity and earnestness he aided greatly in promoting uniformity of effort and coherence of action. The founding and upbuilding of the Masonic Library by his energy and foresight are placed to his credit. After a busy life fruitful of results his work ended and the Grand Lodge in grateful commemoration of a true and tried servant proposed a memorial in the form of an appreciation of his life's work. In this appreciation the author has endeavored to trace the development of his subject from a child of simple nature into the complex and busy man of modern life. To follow step by step the career of a strenu- ous life which naturally brought forth antagonists who were met with skill and firmness, frequently inflicting a crushing defeat, to note that to the vanquished the victor's generosity is great in accordance with the broad philanthropby which permits no one to harbor continued ill feeling, to these and many other worthy acts it becomes the pleas- ing task of the historian to direct his attention and to make of record* HISTORICAL SOCIETIES The thirty-first annual meeting of the Kansas State Historical Society was held at Topeka, December 4, 1906. Bulletin of Information No. 30, issued by The State Historical Society of Wisconsin, is a seven page booklet on Landmarks in Wis- consin. The quarterly published at Medford, Mass., entitled The Med/ord Historical Register^ completes its ninth year and volume with the number for October, 1906. An extended biography of Tecumsehy the Shawnee Chiefs by E. O. Randall, b given place in the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Qitarterly for October, 1906. The Second Report of the Conference of State and Local Historical Societies^ is a forty-five page reprint from the annual report of the American Historical Association for 1905. Installments of Journals of the Council of Virginia in Executive Sessions, 17S7-176Sy and of Virginia Legislative Papers occur in 7%6 Virginia Magazine for October, 1906. In August, 1906, the State Historical Society of Wbconsin issued a sixteen page illustrated booklet entitled A Brief Description of the State Historical Library Building at Madison, The State Historical Society of Wisconsin held its fifty-fourth annual meeting, October 19, 1906. During the past year the library gained 10,214 titles, making a total of 282,878. T?ie Historical Collections of the Essex Institute complete the forty* second volume with the October, 1906, issue. The contents of this number are in the main of local interest. The leading article, Revo- lutionary Letters Written to Colonel Timothy Pickering ^ gives many interesting glimpses of happenings in early American history. 134 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS In December, 1906, The State Historical Society of Iowa issued a four page circular of information concerning the Society. This cir- cular states what the Society is, what it is doing, and its aims, plans, and accomplishments. The annual report of the ChUario Historical Society^ 1905 and 1906 forms a quarto volume of seventy-eight pages. The report details the work of the Society during the past year and includes the reports of the local historical societies of Ontario. Historical Records atid Studies^ volume iv, parts i and ii, Octo- ber, 1906, issued by the United States Catholic Historical Society, makes an illustrated volume of three hundred and fifty-eight pages. The articles mostly refer to ecclesiastical history. Articles of historical value in 7%€ Ohio Magazine for December, 1906, are: Gunn of the Zoarites, by W. P. Huntington, Old Mtami^ the First State College in the Northwest Territory; The Serpent Jtfoundy by £. O. Randall; and History of the Veto in OhiOy by George B. Okey. The Report of the committee on methods of organization and work on the part of State and local historical societies by R. O. Thwaites, B. F. Shambaugh, and F. L. Riley has been issued as a pamphlet of about seventy-five pages. It is also included in the annual report of the American Historical Association for the year 1905. The two contributions of general interest in the Quarterly of the Texort of the Proceedings of the second annual meeting of the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association held at San Francisco, December 1-2, 1905, by C. A. Duniway, is issued as a thirty-two page reprint from the Report of the American Historical Association for 1905. The third annual meeting was held at Port- land, Oregon, November 80 and December 1, 1906. In the Publications of the Southern History Association for Sep- tember, 1906, are a series of letters from F. P. Blair to J. R. Doo- little on the subject of negro colonization. These letters contain 186 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS references to Governor-elect S. J. Kirkwood. Another series are letters to James McHenry, Secretary of War, on Early Appointment to Office Under U. S, Oovemme>it, This is followed by a chapter on the Duane Correspondence. Two articles of general interest are in the Maryland Historical Magazine for September, 1906. These are a second installment of A Review of the Battle of Blad^nsburg^ by A. K. Hadel and the Strat- egy of the Sharpshurg Campaign, by W. Allen. The issue for December, 1906, completes the first volame of this quarterly. In this issue B. U. Campbell narrates the history of the Early Missions Among the Indians in Maryland as the leading article of general interest. The Missouri Historical Society Collections, Vol. ii, number 6, July, 1906, contains an address on Oliver D wight Filley, by Charles P. Johnson, made on the occasion of the presentation of portrait to the Society. Other papers are: Emigration from the French West Indies to St. Louis in 18^8, by Edward de Laur^al; The French Emigres from Guadeloupey by Addle Hornsby; Edward de LaurSal, by R. A. Bake well; John Sappington Marmaduke, by John F. Lee; Documents Relating to the Attack upon St. Louis in 1180; The Mis- souri-Santa Fe Trade; and The Case of Pourie against ChotUeau, by Walter B. Douglas. The leading article in the October, 1906, Annals of Iowa is an extended account of The Battle of Pleasant HiU, Louisiana^ by S. F. Benson. Three maps illustrate the varying fortunes of the conflict. This is followed by Remi^iiscences of the Battle of Pleasant Hill, by Henry H. Childers, a resident of the vicinity of the battlefield. Wm. H. Heath in a short article gives his personal experiences in the bat- tle and S. F. Benson revises the narrative of Ben Van Dyke's experi- ences, his detention in the hospital, and subsequent escape. Two other articles of interest are: Clara Belknap Walcott, by Dr. J. M. Shaffer; and Bid Primitive Man of Iowa have Manufacturing Plants? by Charles H. Robinson. HISTORICAL SOCIETIES 137 Volume VII of the Papers and Records of the Ontario Historical Society was distributed in December, 1906. Twelve contributions, mostly of a local character, make up the volume of two hundred and thirty-seven pages. The papers of general interest are: The First Chapter of Upper Canadian History^ by Avem Pardee; The Penn- sylvania Germans of Waterloo County^ Ontario^ by A. B. Sherk; and 7%6 Origin of the Maple Leaf a^ the Emblem of Canada^ by Janet Carnochan. The two hundreth anniversary of the birth of Benjamin Franklin was celebrated at Philadelphia, April 17-20, 1906, under the auspices of the Am^can Philosophical Society. As an aid in defraying the expenses the State of Pennsylvania gave the sum of twenty thousand dollars. Volume i of The Record of the Celebration, a royal octavo volume of over three hundred pages with portraits, was distributed in December, 1906. This volume contains the commemorative and presentation addresses, the felicitations of Societies and Institutions; Franklin^ s Researches in Electricity, by E. L. Nichols; and The Mod- em Theories of Electricity and their relation to the Franklinian Theory, by Ernest Rutherford. T?ie Washington University State Historical Society has begun the publication of a quarterly journal of history to be known as The Washington Historical Quarterly, The initial number contains ninety- six pages and bears the date, October, 1906. The articles are: Wash- ington Nomenclature, by J. N. Bowman; Problems of the Pacific, by Stephen B. L. Penrose; Jason Lee^s Place in History, by Harvey W. Scott; Our First Indian War, by Clarence B. Bagley; I>iary of Dr. David S. Maynard While Crossing the Plains in 1850, by Thomas W. Prosch; and Som^ Evidence of the Influence of Politics on the Efficiency of the Army, 1861-5, by Edward McMahon. Reprints of documents, book reviews, and short articles make up the remainder of the number. The State Historical Society of Missouri has decided to establish a quarterly magazine of history to be known as the Missouri Historical Reviett, The initial number is for October, 1906, and consbts of 138 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS one hundred and seven pages of miscellanies. Some of the articles worthy of notice are: The Romance of Western History ^ by E. G. Bourne, an address before the State Historical Society of Missouri, February 7, 1906, in which is given a general review of the early explorations made in the Louisiana territory with some hints on the policies of the former owners. Thos. J. C. Fagg gives a character sketch of Senator Thomas Hart Benton; £. M. Yiolette reviews briefly the Early Settlements in Missouri; and Isidor Loeb presents a lucid account of The Beginnings of Missouri Legislation, The minor papers are some genealogical notes illustrating the connection between the Lincoln^ Hanks, and Boone Families; A Bibliography of Missouri State Publications for 1906, compiled by F. A. Sampson; and an annotated list of the Local Historical Societies in Missouri. The articles in TTie American Historical Iteview for October, 1906, are: The Privy Council of the Time of Itichard II, by James F. Baldwin; The Office of Intendant in New France, by W. B. Munro; Canning and the Spanish Patriots in 1808, by J. H. Rose; The Ter- ritory of Colorado, by Frederic L. Paxson, who relates the trials and difficulties of the settlers to secure governmental recognition as well as the establishment by local efforts of the provisional government known as the Territory of Jefferson; and The Organization of the Post- Offi/ie Department of the Confederacy, by Walter F. McCaleb, who tells of the successful business management of the Confederate Postmaster-General, John H. Reagan, whereby the department was created and maintained in every stage of the war with a net income. The following was scheduled as the program for the Conference of State and Local Historical Societies held in connection with and as a part of the program of the meeting of the American Hbtorical Asso- ciation held at Providence, Rhode Island, in December, 1906: On ths Pboblems of State and Local Histobical Socibtibs Chairman, Benjamin F. Shambaugh, State Historical Society of Iowa. I. Problems Relative to the Care and Preservation of Public Ar- chives. HISTORICAL SOCIETIES 139 (a) The Work of the Public Archives Commission. H. V. Ames, Professor in the University of Pennsylvania and Chairman of the Commission. (b) 2h£ Public Archives of Virginia. John P. Kennedy, State Librarian, Richmond, Va. (o) The Public Archives of Pennsylvania. Lnther R. Eelker, Cnstodian of Public Records, Harrisbnrg, Pa. (d) Some Points in Connection with the Work on the Public Ar- chives of Iowa. John C. Parish, State University of Iowa. U. The Marking of Historic Sites. (a) The Marking of Historic Sites in America. Henry E. Bourne, Professor in Western Reserve University. (b) 7%e Marking of Historic Sites on the Niagara Frontier. Frank H. Severance, Buffalo Historical Society. (c) Marking the Santa Fi Trail. George W. Martin, Kansas State Historical'Society. THE MADRID (IOWA) HISTORICAL SOOISTY ABTICLBS OF INCOBPOBATIOK We, the undersigned, do by these presents associate ourselves together under and by virtue of chapter one, title nine, of the Codt of Iowa, and the laws amendatory thereto, and do adopt the follow- ing articles of incorporation: ABTICLB I The name of this association shall be the Madrid Historical Soci- ety, and its principal place of business shall be Madrid, Iowa. ABTICLB II The nature, object, and purpose of this Society shall be the col- lection of history, biography, historic relics, and their preservation. ABTICLB III This association will carry no capital stock, but each member shall pay an admission fee of one dollar and such other dues as a majority of the members may see fit to impose. ] 40 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS ARTICLE IV The time of the commencement of this association shall be imme- diately after the election of officers on the first Monday in July, 1905, and it shall continue for fifty years with the right of renewal unless it is sooner dissolved by a three-fourths vote of the members. ARTICLK V The officers of this Society shall consist of a President, Vice Presi- dent, Secretary and Treasurer, and five managers, all of whom shall be annually elected by a majority of the members on the first Mon- day in July of each year. ARTICLE VI The highest amount of indebtedness of this Society shall never exceed three-fourths of the money in its treasury, and the private property of its members shall be exempt from corporate debts. ARTICLE VII Until the first election is held the following managers shall per- form the duties pertaining to this Society: C. L. Lucas H. W. Hull H. 6. Farr Geo. E. Hutton J. P. A. Anderson BY-LAWS ARTICLE I Section 1. The members of this Society shall hold regular meet- ings once each quarter; its first meeting having been held on the 3d day of July, 1905, its next regular meeting after this date will be the first Monday in April, 1906. But special meetings may be called when in the opinion of the President and Secretary the business interests of the Society may demand it. Sec 2. Not less than five members at any meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but a less number may adjourn from time to time till a quorum shall be present. Sec. 3. Each member shall pay a quarterly due of twenty-five cents for the support of the Society,, to commence the first Monday in April, 1906; and such payments are to be made in advance. HISTORICAL SOCIETIES 141 Sbc. 4. Any member wishing to speak on any subject relating to the business of the Society must rise to his feet and first address the President; and in this way only shall a member be recognized by the presiding officer. Sec. 5. It shall be the duty of each member to secure all the his- tory and historical relics his time will permit and deliver them to the Society. Sec. 6. When a member has an historical sketch to read he may do so by rising to his feet and giving notice of the fact. When such sketch is read its filing shall be passed upon by a majority vote of the members present. Sec. 7. Any member failing to comply with the Articles of Incor- poration of this Society or the By-laws adopted by it, or by purposely absenting himself from the meetings of the Society for three consecu- tive quarters, or shall refuse to pay any of the dues assessed against him may be expelled by a majority of the members. 0 Sec. 8. No money shall be drawn from the treasury except upon an order signed by the President and Secretary. NOTES AND COMMENT The Dinteenth annual meeting of the Iowa Engineering Society will be held at Ottomwa, January 9, 1907. The seventeenth annual meeting of the Iowa Library Association was held at Ottumwa, October 10-12, 1906. The Northeastern Iowa Teachers* Association held its thirteenth annual session at Cedar Rapids, October 18-20, 1906. The twenty-second annual meeting of the American Historical Asso- ciation was held at Providence, R. I., December 26-29, 1906. The third annual meeting of the American Political Science Asso- ciation was held in Providence, R. I., December 26-29, 1906. The American Association for the Advancement of Science held its fifty-seventh meeting in New York City, December 27, 1906, to Jan- uary 2, 1907. The Daughters of the American Revolution held their seventh Iowa conference and Mississippi Valley Convocation at Iowa City, October 25-26, 1906. In view of the fact that Mrs. Eva Emery Dye began her literary work at Iowa City, Iowa, there is added a local interest in the appear- ance of her new book on McDonald of Oregon, The Iowa Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge Monument Commission held dedicatory services at Lookout Mountain and Sher- man Heights, November 19, and at Rossville Gap, Tennessee, Novem- ber 20, 1906. The reading of a paper on The Marking of Historic Sites in Americay by Prof. H. E. Bourne, of Cleveland, Ohio, has led to the appointment of a committee by the American Historical Association to conduct an extensive investigation of the marking of historic sites throughout America. NOTES AND COMMENT 143 The Pocahontas Memorial Assooiation propose to erect at James- town a memorial to Pocahontas sometime in 1907, daring the period of the Jamestown Exposition. The headquarters of the Assooiation are in Washington, D. C. The ninth session of the Iowa State Conference of Charities and Correction was held at Grinnell, December 6-7, 1906. The officers for the year, 1907, are: F. I. Herriott, President; C. W. Wassam, Secretary; and 6. P. WychofE, Treasurer. Volume four of The Scottish Historical Review begins with the quarterly issue for October, 1906. A few of the included articles are: Story of the King of Ireland and his Two Sons, Translated by J. Gregorson; The Scottish Parliamenty 1560^1707, by Wm. L. Mathieson; and Olimpses of old Scots Parish Life, by Edward Penn- ington. The number for November, 1906, of Tht Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science takes up the subject of Municipal Problems. The questions of municipal ownership, munic- ipal services, election reforms, municipal accounting, traction com- panies, primaries, and the social phases of reform movements are ably discussed by students of city government. The twentieth of December, 1906, was celebrated at Ames, Iowa, as ^^lowa Day.*' This date commemorates the birth of Samuel J. Kirkwood, Governor of the State during the period of the Civil War, and the transfer of the Louisiana territory from France to the United States. Governor Kirkwood was born on December 20, 1818; and the transfer of Louisiana took place on December 20^ 1808. The Macmillan Company announce an early issue of the Correspon- dence of William Pitt (the portion relating to America, 1757-1762) in two octavo volumes with portraits and maps. The correspondence covers the period when William Pitt was Secretary of State and con« sists of four hundred and ninety-three letters which passed between Pitt and the Governors and Military Commanders. The compilation will be edited by Gertrude S. Kimball. 144 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS One of the results of the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 'held in the Colonies of South Africa in August and September, 1905, was the preparation of a descriptive account of the physiographic features of The Mountains of SoiUhemr most Africa^ by W. M. Davis, which is published in the Bulletin of the American Geographical Society for October, 1906. A new aspirant for public favor appeared in November, 1906, namely, The American Political Science Revieto^ a quarterly to be conducted by a board of editors of which W. W. Willoughby is the managing editor. The initial number is a neat quarto, comprising one hundred and seventy-six pages of well printed matter. The arti- cles are: The Usurped Powers of the Senate^ by A. Maurice Low; Negro Suffrage: the Constitutional Point of View, by John C. Rose; Hacial Distinctions in Southern Law, by 6. T. Stephenson; An Index of Comparative Legislation, by W. F. Dodd; and Notes on Current LegisUUion, by Robert H. Whitten. CONTRIBUTORS Hugh Straight Buffum, Instructor in Education at The State University of Iowa. (See The Iowa Journal of Histobt and Politics for October, 1906, p. 630.) Louis Pelzee, Principal of Schools at Shelby, Iowa. (See The Iowa Journal of History and Politics for October, 1904, p. 624.) Albert Boynton Storms, President of the Iowa State Col- lege of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Bom at Lima, Michi- gan, April 1, 1860. Graduated from the University of Michigan in 1884. Received the degree of Master of Arts from the Uni- versity of Michigan in 1893. Member of The State Historical Society of Iowa. THE IOWA JOURNAL of Histor'^ and Politics APRIL Nineteen Hundred Seven Volume Five . . . Number Two FEDERAL AND STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA rContinued from the January, 1907, number] STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA Two methods of State aid for the State edacational insti- tatioDs have been made use of in Iowa. One of these methods is that of legislative appropriations; the other is the levying of a special tax of a certain number of mills upon each dollar of assessed valuation of the taxable property of the State. In the following pages it is proposed to treat first of these two methods of aid as extended to The State University of Iowa, which is located at Iowa City. By far the larger part of the State support of the State University has been extended by legislative appropriations. Beginning in 1858, and next after that date in 1864, and bienniaUy since then, except in 1880, the legislature has made appro- priations for the use of this institution of higher learning. STATE APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE UNIVERSITY By an act approved March 11, 1858, the General Assembly took a step which was the first one in Iowa entering upon the pathway of State support for the University by means of State appropriations. By this act there was appropriated, out of any money in the State treasury not otherwise ap- propriated, the sum of three thousand dollars. This money was to be used for repairing and modifying the building (The Old Stone Capitol) occupied at that time by the Uni- versity, and for fitting up one or more of its rooms and cer- 14S IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS tain cabinets for holding geological specimens. The act also appropriated ten thousand dollars for erecting a board- ing haU and dormitory. This money was to be expended under the direction of the Board of Trostees, and under the supervision of a person chosen by the Board for that pur- p)Ose.* March 24, 1864, an act was appro ved appropriating twenty thousand dollars * ^for the purpose of erecting and construct- ing on the grounds of the State University, an additional building, with a tower, suitable for an astronomical observa- tory, which building shall contain one large room for a chapel, rooms suitable for a chemical laboratoiy, and such other rooms as may be deemed necessary by the Board of Trustees of said University.'*^ March 31, 1866, an act was passed making several appro- priations for the University, as follpws: — (a) For complet- ing the chapel building, including the heating apparatus, thirteen thousand dollars, (b) For putting a slate roof on the main University building, three thousand dollars, (c) For putting a heating apparatus in the main building, two thou- sand dollars, (d) For putting a heating apparatus in the south building, fifteen hundred dollars, (e) For repairing and repainting the University buildings, fifteen hundred dollars.^ March 9, 1868, an act was approved, appropriating twenty thousand dollars for making necessary repairs on buildings, **arid giving such aid to the scientific and such other depart-- ' Lawaqf Iowa, 1858, pp. 48-49. • Laws of Iowa, 1864, p. 80. • Laws of Iowa, 1800, pp. 77-78. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 149 ments as the trastees may deem proper to establish, and in- crease their efficiency. "^ March 24, 1870, the legislature appropriated the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars, for the use and support of the University for the two years to follow. One-half of this amount was to be paid to the Treasurer of the Board of Trustees each of the two years. ^ April 6, 1872, an act was approved appropriating fifty- two thousand three hundred dollars, to be used for purposes as follows: — (a) Increase in salaries of president, professors, and teachers in the academical departments, for two years, from June 20, 1872, five thousand five hundred dollars, (i) Salaries for two years, of professors and teachers in the professional schools, twenty thousand six hundred dollars. (c) Contingent and incidental funds, eight thousand eight hundred and fifty dollars, (d) Salaries of secretary, treas- urer, and janitor for two years, three thousand dollars. (e) Iron fence around the University grounds, and new roof on the south hall, six thousand three hundred and fifty dollars. (/) Law library, one thousand dollars, (g) General library, twenty-five hundred dollars, (h) Medical library, five hun- dred dollars, (i) Printing, two thousand dollars. (J) Fuel, two thousand dollars.^ The act appropriating money for aid and maintenance of the University for the next biennial period was approved March 18, 1874. By it forty-six thousand dollars was appro- priated, to be used in the support of the University in all its 1 Laws of Iowa, 1868, pp. 27-28. * Laws of Iowa, 1870, p. 86. * Laws of Iowa, 1872, pp. 44-46. 150 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS chairs and departments, and the expenses necessary and inci- dent to its maintenance. One-eighth of this amount was to be drawn from the State Treasury on April 1, 1874, and one- eighth every three months thereafter until the entire appro- priation should be drawn. ^ March 17, 1876, was the date of the approval of the next act for the biennial support of the University. The amount appropriated was forty-seven thousand four hundred and fifty-seven dollars. This sum was for the maintenance o£ the institution for the ensuing biennial period, and was to be drawn from the treasury in eight equal quarterly installments, commencing July 1, .1876, or as soon after such periods as the money in the treasury might allow. This act also author- ized the Board of Regents to establish a Department of Homeopathy to consist of two chairs, and to use four thou- sand one hundred dollars of the money carried by this act for the salaries of the two professors and the necessary ap- purtenances of the two chairs. It also authorized the ex- penditure of three thousand two hundred dollars to employ Curator Woodman, as the Board of Regents had recommend- ed. Any part of the money appropriated not needed for the purposes mentioned above, the Board could use in mak- ing any repairs and additions to the buildings as they might deem expedient and for the best interests of the institution. ^ March 22, 1878, the legislature passed an act making an endowment appropriation for the University. By this act twenty thousand dollars annually was appropriated as an endowment fund for the institution. This annual appropria- ^ Lav>B of Iowa, 1874, p. 54. • Lawa of Iowa, 1876, pp. 168-169. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 151 tion was to be drawn in four quarterly installments of five thousand dollars each, the first payment to be drawn July 1 , 1878. There was also appropriated ten thousand dollars for repairs on buildings and for fencing and walks. ^ No additional appropriation was made by the legislature at its session in 1880. On March 14, 1882, an act was approved appropriating to the University the sum of fifty thousand dollars to be used for the following purposes: — (a) For a new building, thirty thousand dollars, (l) For two boilers for steam heat- ing, and a house for fuel, twenty-two hundred and seventy- five dollars, (c) For laying and completing stone walk, four hundred and twenty-five dollars, (d) For removing and changing the general library and law library, and supplying steam heating in the chapel and the libraries thus changed, four thousand dollars, (e) For furniture for the new rooms and the libraries and general lecture rooms, two thousand one hundi*ed dollars. (/) For repairs to buildings, one thou- sand two hundred dollars, (g) For better support and further development of the institution, ten thousand dollars. Not more than half of the amount appropriated by this act was to be drawn out during the year 1882.^ April 1, 1884, an act was approved appropriating the sum of sixty-four thousand five hundred dollars for the Univer- sity, to be used for the following purposes: — (a) For a new building for the school of science, forty-five thousand dollars. (b) For steam heating, plumbing and gas fitting in this building, five thousand six hundred dollars, (c) For operat- * Laws of Iowa, 1878, p. 66. * Laws cf Iowa, 1882, pp. 82-88. 152 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS ing tables and fixtures, two thousand dollars, (d) For cases, apparatus, and collections of specimens, two thousand dollars. (e) For working apparatus and special appliances, five thou- sand dollars. (/) For refrigerator for medical department, one thousand dollars, (g) For water closet, building sewer- age, water and heating connected therewith, fifteen hundred dollars, {h) For purchasing furniture for the collegiate lecture rooms and fitting the same, one thousand five hun- dred dollars, {i) For supplying water connections by laying supply pipes from the mains to the buildings, four hundred dollars, {j) For the better equipment of the dental de- partment, five hundred dollars. Not more than half of the sum of the above amounts was to be drawn from the State Treasury during the year 1884.^ Another act, approved on the same day (April 1, 1884), appropriated eight thousand dollars annually ' ' for the sup- port of the state university in the several departments and chairs, and in aid of the income fund and for the develop- ment of the institution. " This made the annual support appropriation twenty-eight thousand dollars.^ April 15, 1886, an act was approved appropriating for the aid and support of the University the sum of fifty-two thousand dollars to be used as follows: — (a) To supply de- ficiency or immediate wants of the University for the current year, twenty thousand dollars. (J) To supplement endow- ment fund from June 30, 1886, to June 30, 1888, thirty thousand dollars, (c) For equipment of dental department, two thousand dollars.^ ^ Lavo9 cflowa, 1884, pp. 114-116. • Law8 of Iowa, 1884, p. 118. » Laws of Iowa, 1886, pp. 86-87. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 153 An act making an appropriation for the better support of the University was approved April 11, 1888. The amounts appropriated and their purposes were: — {a) For the general support fund, twenty thousand dollars annually for the bien nial period ending June 30, 1890. (J) To supplement en dowment fund from June 30, 1888, to June 30, 1890, asfol lows: — Aid to chair of engineering, one thousand dollars repairs and contingent fund, eighty-five hundred dollars; chemical and physical apparatus, two thousand five hundred dollars.^ The appropriation for the biennial period from June 30, 1890, to June 30, 1892, was in the amount of one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. The date of the approval of the act making this appropriation was April 19, 1890. The purposes for which the money was to be used were: — {a) Additional general support, forty-five thousand dollars. (If) Vapor gas plant for laboratory use, one thousand dollars. ((?) Additional equipment of natural science department, four thousand dollars, (d) Additional equipment of depart- ment in engineering, four thousand dollars, (e) Physical laboratory apparatus, four thousand dollars. (/) Erection of a chemical laboratory building and equipment for same, fifty thousand dollars, {g) Enlargement of boiler house and additional heating apparatus, two thousand doUars. (A) Library, five thousand dollars. (^) Repairs and contingent fund, ten thousand dollars. Of this entire sum, not more than one-third was to be drawn in 1890, and the balance in two equal installments, the first on or after May 15, 1891, and the second on or after October 15, 1891.^ 1 Lavo9 of Iowa, 1888, p. 169. • LaioB of Iowa, 1890, pp. 108-109. 154 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The appropriation for the next biennial period, made by an act approved April 8, 1892, was for the amount of seventy- eight thousand dollars. This money was to be used for the following purposes : — (a) Repairs and equipment for dental department, two thousand five hundred dollars, (fj) Natural science department — botanical $1,200, zo5logical $1,200, geological $1,100 — three thousand five hundred dollara. (c) Physical laboratory, two thousand five hundred dollars. (d) General library, five thousand dollars, (e) Additional equipment for chemical laboratory, two thousand five hun- dred dollars. ( /) Law library, two thousand five hundred dollars, (y) Additional equipment for department of phar- macy, two thousand five hundred dollars. (A) Pathological and bacteriological laboratory, one thousand dollars, (i) Histological laboratory, one thousand dollars. (J) Eepairs and contingent, ten thousand dollars, (k) Additional sup- port, $22,500 annually — forty-five thousand dollars.^ March 29, 1894, an act was approved appropriating for general support and for the development of the institution, twenty -five thousand dollars annually thei'eaftei^^ payable in quarterly installments, the first installment to be payable September 1, 1894. In addition to this annual appropria- tion, the act appropriated twenty-five thousand dollars to be used for purposes as follows: — (a) Dental department, in- firmary and laboratory, five hundred dollars, (i) General library, four thousand dollars, (c) Law library, one thou- sand dollars. (^ Physical laboratory, one thousand five hundred dollars, {e) Engineering equipment, five hundred dollars. (/) Botany, one thousand dollars, {g) Zoology, 1 iaw« ofIo%Da, 1892, pp. 183-134. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 155 one thousand dollars, (h) Geology, one thousand dollars. (i) Chemistry, one thousand dollars, (j) Pharmacy, one thousand doUars. (k) Histology, five hundred dollars, (l) Pathology and bacteriology, one thousand dollars, (m) Ee- pair and contingent fund, eleven thousand dollars. This act further appropriated the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars for a dental department, building and equipment. It also appropriated fifteen thousand dollars for a Homeo- pathic hospital and building.^ The act making appropriations for the next biennial period was approved April 17, 1896. By this act an appropria- tion was made of twelve thousand five hundred dollars an- nually thereafter for further support. In addition to this amount, the act carried twenty-one thousand dollars for the following purposes: — (a) General library, two thousand five hundred dollars, (b) Law library, one thousand dollars. (c) Physical laboratory, one thousand dollars, (d) Repair and contingent fund, ten thousand dollars, (e) Completion and equipment of Homeopathic medical building, four thou- sand dollars. (/) Completion and equipment of dental build- ings, two thousand five hundred dollars. ^ Before the next meeting of the legislature the University was receiving for building purposes the proceeds of the special tax levy (treated below) and so the legislature aban- doned its former policy of making special appropriations for buildings. April 7, 1898, an act was approved appro- priating for further support of the University ten thousand dollars annually thereafter. The act also appropriated eleven 1 Laws of Iowa, 1894, pp. 147-149. • Law8 of Iowa, 1896, pp. 161-152. 156 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS thousand dollars for special purposes as follows: — (a) Law library, one thousand dollars, (b) Repair and contingent fund, ten thousand dollars.^ By an act approved April 6, 1900, the following appro- priations for the University were made: — (a) For further and additional support fund, fifty thousand dollars anmially thereafter, (b) For repair and contingent fund, ten thou- sand dollars.^ The University support act passed by the Twenty-Eighth General Assembly was approved April 12, 1902. By this act there was appropriated: — (a) For additional support, thirty-five thousand dollars annually thereafter, (h) For land, twenty -three thousand dollars, (c) For the commence- ment of a medical building, fifty thousand dollars, (d) For repair and contingent fund, five thousand dollars, (e) Equip- ment for medical building (the amount to be temporarily used for building purposes but later to be replaced from building fund coming from the special tax levy) — thirty-five thousand dollars. (/) Repair and contingent fund, five thousand dollars, (g) Funds to be used in 1904 for pur- chase of land, twenty-seven thousand doUara.^ On April 13, 1904, there was approved an act making appropriations for the ensuing biennial period as follows : — (a) For additional support, twenty-five thousand dollars annually thereafter, {b) For repair and contingent fund, seven thousand five hundred dollars annually thereafter. (c) For library, twenty thousand dollars, (d) For equip- 1 Xawa of Iowa, 1898, p. 92. ■ Laws oflotoa, 1900, p. 112. • Lav)8 of Iowa, 1902, p. 141. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 157 ment and supplies, twenty thousand dollars, (e) For pav- ing and sidewalks, eight thousand dollars. (/) For tunnel and extension, ten thousand dollars, (ff) For land, twenty- five thousand dollars, (h) For engineering building, fifty thousand dollars, (i) For dam and water power, ten thou- sand dollars.^ A bacteriological laboratory was established in connection with the medical college of the University in 1904. The act establishing this laboratory was approved April 12, 1904. It provided that for the support of this work the following appropriations be made: — (a) For better equip- ment of the bacteriological laboratory already at the State University, one thousand dollars, (b) For salaries and other expenses, five thousand dollars biennially.^ The last appropriation, herein listed, was made by an act approved April 9, 1906. This act added twenty thousand dollars annually to the general support fund. It also made appropriations as follows: — (a) For purchase of additional land, twenty-four thousand dollars, (b) Additional wing for University hospital, twenty thousand dollars, (c) En- gineering shops, hydraulic power house, power connections with dam, and equipment, thirty thousand dollars, (d) Equip- ment of natural science building, sixteen thousand dollars. (e) General equipment and supplies, eight thousand dollars. {/) Paving and sidewalks, two thousand five hundred dol- lars, (ff) Support of libraries, five thousand dollars. (A) New boiler, three thousand five hundred dollars.' 1 Laws of lowa^ 1904, p. 146. ^Laws oflowa^ 1904, p. 106. • Laws cflowa, 1906, p. 189. 158 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS MILLAGE TAX FOE THE STATE UNIVERSITY March 17, 1896, the legislature enacted a law levying a special tax of one-tenth of a mill on each dollar of assessed valuation of the taxable property of the State, for the State University. The amount thus raised, up to fifty-five thou- sand dollars from any one levy, was to be used for the erec- tion, improvement and equipment of such buildings for the University as the Board of Regents might determine upon. This levy was to commence with the regular levy next follow- ing the passage of the act, and continue for the four succes- sive following years. The money was to be held by the State Treasurer, to be by him paid out in the same manner as the special University appropriations. Any amount over fifty-five thousand dollars raised by this special tax in any year was to go into the State Treasury to become part of the general revenue of the State.^ The next Genei'al Assembly, on April 7, 1898, passed an act amending this measure so as to provide for the levy of the one-tenth mill tax for six yeara, instead of five, as called for by the original law. Of the fifty -five thousand dollars to be raised by the sixth year levy, forty-one thou- sand nine hundred dollars was to be used in restoring the burned library building and repairing and replacing appara- tus injured and destroyed, and in preserving damaged books and property.^ The levies provided for in these two acts were made in the years 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900, and 1901. March 2, 1900, an act of the legislature was approved 1 Latoa oflowa^ 1896, p. 117. ■ Lav>8 qf Iowa, 1808, p. 46. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 159 providing for a continuation of this levy for a further five years, beginning with 1 902.^ But before this levy was made (l e., April 7, 1902), the legislature enacted a measure re- pealing the former act, and as a substitute for the levy of one-tenth mill providing for a levy of one-fifth mill on the dollar of assessed valuation upon the taxable property of the State. This levy, like the former one, was for the erection, repair and improvement of such necessary bmldings as the Board of Eegents should decide upon. The first levy was to be made in 1 902, and successive levies in each of the fol- lowing four years. ^ The Thirty-First General Assembly continued this fifth of a mill tax for University buildings by an act approved April 10, 1906. This special tax will continue up to and including the levy for the year 1911. One feature of the act of 1906 is the provision that the legislature is to have an oversight of the expenditure of the funds raised by the levy. It provides that no part of such money shall be expended for buildings until estimates of cost, plans and specifications of such buildings have been submitted to the General As- sembly for its approval. An exception to this provision lies in the further provision that any deviation from these plans and specifications (such deviation not costing more than twenty-five thousand dollars, or any emergency build- ing, the need for which may arise between the sessions of the General Assembly), shall be approved by a majority of the Executive Council of the State.' ^ Laioa of Iowa, 1000, p. 74. > LawB of Iowa, 1002, p. 122. > Law8 of Iowa, 1006, p. 140. 160 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The millage tax now places in the hands of the Board of Regents of the University about one hundred twenty-five thousand dollars annually for the erection of buildings. The receipts for the University from this millage tax dur- ing the successive biennial periods have been as follows: TABLE NO. XVI^ June 30, 1897, (iV mill) . . . 27,683.72 Jane 30, 1899, 111,494.47 June 30, 1901, 108,713.28 June 30, 1903, (iV mill, '01, I, '02) . 146,697.06 June 30, 1905, 247,826.87 Total to June SO, 1905, . . $641,315.40 The following table shows in condensed and tabulated form the total amount of State support granted to the State University, dividing this total under the heads of general support, special appropriations, and building appropriations. TABLE NO. XVII^ STATE AID TO THE STATE UNIVERSITY TEAR OBN. SUPPORT SPECIAL AP^NB BUILDING AP^NS TOTAL STATE AID 1868 3,000.00 10,000.00 13,000.00 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 8,000.00 13,000.00 21,000.00 1867 1868 * See Reports of t?ie State Treasurers, • Census of Iowa, 1905, pp. cxvii-cxviii. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 161 TSAR OEN. SUPPORT • SPSCIAL AP'nS BUILDING AP^MB TOTAL STATS A 1869 $ 8,287.83 t 8,287.83 1870 5,156.08 5,156.08 1871 17,656.09 17,656.09 1872 7,750.00 7,750.00 1873 45,950.00 45,950.00 1874 5,750.00 5,750.00 1876 23,000.00 23,000.00 1876 17,250.00 17,250.00 1877 11,864.24 . * 11,864.24 1878 35,592.76 35,592.76 1879 25,000.00 25,000.00 1880 25,000.00 25,000.00 1881 20,000.00 20,000.00 1882 25,000.00 $20,000.00 45,000.00 1883 25,000.00 20,000.00 45,000.00 1884 20,000.00 $ 2,450.00 29,800.00 52,250.00 1885 28,000.00 2,450.00 29,800.00 60,250.00 1886 28,000.00 24,000.00 52,000.00 1887 28,000.00 24,000.00 52,000.00 1888 28,000.00 4,000.00 32,000.00 1889 48,000.00 6,000.00 54,000.00 1890 48,000.00 6,000.00 54,000.00 1891 49,949.14 14,632.75 24,387.93 88,969.82 1892 45,580.64 11,720,43 19,534,04 76,835.11 1893 55,410.13 19,773.41 5,455.69 80,639.23 1894 50,657.82 16,605.22 175.36 07,438.40 1895 53,402.28 14,956.11 20,446.98 88,805.37 1896 53,000.00 12,320.78 20,000.00 85,320.78 1897 65,500.00 12,113.74 16,500.00 94,113.74 1898 65,500.00 9,331.29 45,400.00 120,231.29 1899 75,500.00 34,298.00 27,000.00 136,798.00 1900 75,500.00 19,750.00 80,000.00 175,250.00 1901 125,500.00 16,000.02 77,375.00 218,875.02 162 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS TEAR OBK. 8DPPORT SPECIAL AP*N8 BUILDIKO AP^KS TOTAL 8TATB AID 1902 $125,500.00 $37,999.98 $ 25,275.00 $188,774.98 1903 160,500.00 10,900.00 113,000.00 284,400.00 1904 160,500.00 67,000.00 96,080.64 823,580.64 1905 168,624.99 51,877.14 124,000.00 344,502.13 Toto2a$l, 856,882.00 $429,178.87 $817,230,64 $3,103,291.51 STATE APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE We have seen in the preceding pages how the State has made and is making use of two methods of granting State aid to the University — ^legislative appropriations and a special millage tax. These two methods are also used in supporting the Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, which is located at Ames. As was noted above in the discussion of land grants, Iowa in accepting the Federal land grant for agricultural colleges agreed to found and maintain such an institution. To carry out the terms of this agreement, the General Assembly en- acted a law, March 22, 1858, providing for the establish- ment and support of an Agricultural College and Farm. By this law was created all the machinery for supporting and governing the College. Not only were the proceeds of the Five Section Grant and the Agricultural College Grant ap- propriated for the benefit of the College, but the policy was entered upon of making special appropriations from the State Treasury for this purpose. By section 12, there was appropriated out of any moneys in the treasury of the State, not otherwise appropriated, the sum of ten thousand dollars for the purchase and improvement of land for the College and Farm.^ > Laws of Iowa, 1868, pp. 173-179. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 168 The next State appropiiation for the Agricultural College was made by an act approved March 22, 1864. By it the sum of twenty thousand dollars was appropriated to aid in the erection of a permanent buUding for the CoUege. This money was for the commencement of a building the entire cost of which was not to exceed fifty thousand dollars.^ At its neirt meeting the General Assembly, by an act ap- proved April 2, 1866, provided for carrying on the work of constructing a permanent building for the Agricultural Col- lege. This act appropriated the sum of ninety- one thousand dollars *'for the purpose of completing the Agricultural College buildings, and for the payment of the indebtedness against the same. " This money was to be expended under the direction of the Board of Trustees of the College, and was to be drawn from the State Treasury from time to time upon their order, in sums not exceeding ten thousand dollars. Each amount so drawn was to be expended before any addi- tional sum should be drawn. One section of the act was to the eflfect that * 'neither the Trustees, Building Committee, nor any member of the same, nor the Superintendent, shall be interested, directly or indirectly, in any contract for labor or material on the College building. "^ The appropriation for the next biennial period was made by an act approved April 3, 1868. By it the amounts ap- propriated and their purposes were as follows: — (a) For procuring and placing a heating apparatus, cooking range, And the necessary fixtures belonging thereto, ten thousand dollars, (h) For the purpose of erecting three dwelling » LawB oflotoa, 1864, pp. 69-71. ' Lawn of Iowa, 1866, pp. 120-121. 164 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS houses for the use and occupancy of the professors employed in the College, said buildings to be erected on the College Farm under direction of the building committee elected by the Board of Trustees, twelve thousand dollars, (c) For procuring water, constructing cisterns, and providing clocks and bell, two thousand dollars, (d) For grading and lay- ing out grounds, procuring and planting trees, and erecting the necessary outbuUdings, one thousand dollars, (e) To pay for extra work on the college building and expenses therewith connected, three thousand dollars. (/) For the use of the College Farm, to be expended by the Board of Trustees, for the following named purposes, to- wit: (1) For tile draining of farms, one thousand dollars; (2) for hog- house, corn-crib, and hen-house, eight hundred dollars; (3) for stable, granary, and tool-house, twenty-five hundred dol- lars; (4) for shed for farm machinery, and cellar for roots, seven hundred and fifty dollars; (5) for furniture for farm house, fifteen hundred dollars; (6) for horses and harness, five hundred dollars; (7) for safe to preserve books and rec- ords, etc., twelve hundred dollars; (8) for farm implements, repairing, fencing, etc. , twelve hundred dollars ; (9) for pro- curing road on south side of farm, three hundred dollars. The total amount carried by the act was thirty-five thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars. Provision was made that if the amount appropriated for any of the objects named should be insufficient for such object, the surplus remaining from any other object might be used to supply such deficiency. The money was to be expended under direction of the Board of Trustees of the College, drawn from the State Treasury up- on warrants issued by the Auditor of State, upon the re- STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 165 quisition of the President of the Board of Trustees. It was required of the Trustees that they should make a full report to the next General Assembly, showing in detail the manner in which thiB money had been expended.^ At this same meeting of the legislature another act was passed, approved April 8, 1868, by which the sum of ten thousand dollars was appropriated to complete the Iowa State Agricultural College building.^ At the next session of the General Assembly a law was enacted, approved April 13, 1870, by which appropriations for the Agricultural College were made as follows: — (a) For extending and completing the wings of the College building, the sum of fifty thousand dollars, (b) For build- ing and completing a laboratory, five thousand dollars, (c) For the erection and completion of a workshop for the stu- dents, five thousand dollars, (d) For the erection of a building over the gasometer, five hundred dollars, (e) For farm improvements, two thousand dollars, (f) For pur- chasing seeds and plants for experimental grounds, five hun- dred dollars, (g) For the purpose of tile-draining, one thousand dollars. (A) For professors' dwelling houses, four thousand five hundred dollars. The total amount appro- priated by this act was $68,500. It was to be drawn from the State Treasury and expended in the same manner as that appropriated by the preceding legislature.* The appropriation for the next biennial period was made by an act approved April 17, 1872. The amounts and pur- » Laws oflovoa, 1868, pp. 107-109. * Laws oflwoa, 1868, pp. 260-260. • LawB of Iowa, 1870, pp. 166-157. 166 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS poses for which they were to be used were the following: — (a) For supplying the College building with water, five thousand dollars, (b) For fixtures for the new wing, five hundred dollars, (c) For the main laboratory building, twenty-five thousand dollars, (d) For improvement of or- chard, vineyard, and nursery, one thousand dollars, (e) For farm, bams, stock, and other farm improvements, seven thousand dollars. The total of these several sums was $88, 500,1 A special act for the relief of the Agricultural College was passed by the next legislature and approved February 17, 1874. By it five thousand five hundred dollars was set aside ' 'to protect the interests of the agricultural college and the state" in certain lands known as the Rankin property in Polk County.^ Certain liens upon this real estate were thus removed. An appropriation of twenty-five thousand dollars was also made by an act approved March 19, 1874, for the erection of a physical laboratory building. * Other appropriations by this legislature, made March 17, 1874, were in the sum of thirty-five hundred dollars, for the purpose of making certain repairs on the Agricultural Col- lege and farm house, and supplying furniture for the same, as set forth in the report of a visiting committee which had been appointed to visit the institution.* The next act making appropriations for the Agricultural College was under date of March 17, 1876. The total ' Laws oflowa^ 1872, pp. 6S-69. ■ Laws of lovoa^ 1874, pp. 5-6. • Laws oflowa^ 1874-, pp. 67-68. * Laws of Iowa, 1874, p. 87. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 167 amount carried by it was $24,820, divided as follows: — (a) For engine house and air ducts, five thousand dollars. (b) For heating apparatus complete, fifteen thousand dollars. (c) For rebuilding brick walls, one thousand four hundred dollars, (d) For repainting building exterior, five hundred dollars, (e) For changes and repairs to water closets, six hundred dollars. (/) For repairs to interior woodwork, four hundred dollars, (ff) For painting interior woodwork, five hundred dollars. (A) For new gutters and conductors, four hundred twenty dollars, (i) For repairs to plastering, one thousand dollars.^ The next act making appropriations for the Agricultural College, approved March 28, 1878, provided for the follow- ing sums : — (a) For constructing a sewer for the use of the College building, one thousand four hundred seventy-two dollars and twenty-five cents, (b) For horticultural labora- tory, two thousand five hundred dollars. The total amount appropriated was $3,972.25.^ The next General Assembly enacted a law, March 20, 1880, by which appropriations were made as follows: — (a) For a building to be occupied by the schools in agriculture and veterinary science and the botanical department, six thousand dollars, (b) For buildings to be used as feeding bams by the professor of experimental farming, eight hun- dred dollars, (c) For swine-houses, corn-cribs, and poultry- houses, one thousand two hundred dollars, (d) For two boarding cottages, three thousand five hundred dollars, (e) For needed repairs upon College buildings and for necessary 1 Laws of Iowa, 1876, pp. 118-114. * Laws of Iowa, 1878, p. 86. 168 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS expenses incurred in the management of College lands, the sum of one thousand dollars annually thereafter. (/) For fitting the building vacated by the schools in veterinary science and the botanical department, so that such building could be used for a boarding-hall and for the department of domestic economy, five hundred dollars.^ The entire sum carried by this act was thirteen thousand dollars. This act deserves especial attention in that it first provides for an an- nual appropriation for the Agricultural College. An act making appropriations for the next biennial period was approved March 14, 1882. The purposes for which the various amounts were to be used were as follows : — {a) For two professors' residences, five thousand dollars, {h) For a boarding cottage and an addition to one already erected, six thousand five hundred dollars, {c) For a building to be occupied by the mechanical and civil engineering department, five thousand dollars, (d) For sheep bams, six hundred dollars, {e) For experimental creamery, with ice-house and cold storage room, one thousand dollars. (/) For three cottages for farm foreman, foreman in horticulture, and for farm laborer, two thousand one hundred dollars, {g) For repairs on highway to Ames, provided citizens contribute as much, three hundred dollars. (A) For a hospital for veteri- nary department, five hundred dollars, {i) For experimen- tation in agriculture and horticulture, an annual appropria- tion of one thousand five hundred dollars. The total amount appropriated by this act was $31, 000. ^ The appropriations for the next biennial period, made by ^ Lavoi of lowaj 1880, pp. 57-58. « Laws of Iowa, 1882, pp. 77-78. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 169 an act approved April 5, 1884, were as follows: — (a) For building to be occupied by the mechanical and civil engi- neering departments, with proper fixtures, seven thousand five hundred dollars. (6) For two buildings for the school of veterinary science, ten thousand dollars, (c) For gasom- eter and repairs of gas works or electric lights, thirty-five hundred dollars, (d) For house and bam on north farm, fifteen hundred dollars, (e) For pump house and water supply, eight hundred dollars. (/) For purchase of house occupied by Professor Budd, and addition to same, twenty- eight hundred dollars, (ff) For building to contain fire-proof vaults and office of treasurer, secretary and president, three thousand dollars, (h) For one professor's residence, three thousand dollars. The sums total $32, 100.^ The next General Assembly appropriated, by an act of April 5, 1886, five thousand three hundred dollars, to be used as follows: — (a) For engine for electric light system and improvement thereof, twenty-three hundred dollars. (b) For renewing gas supply and for laboratory extension, five hundred dollars, (c) For general repairs and contin- gent fund — not more than one-half to be drawn during the year 1886— twenty-five hundred dollars.^ The next act, approved April 9, 1888, appropriated funds for the following purposes : — (a) For removing privies and water closets from main building and placing the same in outside towers, three thousand five hundred dollars, (b) For water supply for college hospital and professors' houses on college grounds, one thousand dollars, (c) For repair- > Laws of Iowa, 1884, p. 173. ■ Laws of Iowa, 1886, p. 86. 170 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS ing boiler and machinery in electric light and mechanical de- partments, five hundred dollars, (d) For repaii's and im- provement, one thousand dollars annually^ added to the al- ready existing appropriation of one thousand dollars, mak- ing two thousand dollars. The total of these sums was $7,000.^ The next General Assembly in 1890 — ^April 24th — ap- propriated fifty thousand dollars for the Agricultural College. This amount was to be used for the following purposes: — (a) For repairs on main College building and the two board- ing halls, five thousand dollars, (b) For boiler, boUer and engine house, and steam heating apparatus for engineering hall, five thousand dollars, (c) For enlargement and repair of the chemical and physical laboratory building, two thou- sand dollars, (d) For the repair and improvement of farm buildings, including erection of swine house and com cribs, two thousand dollars, (e) For appliances for protecting College building against fire, one thousand dollars. (/) For building for museum, library, chapel and recitation rooms, and remodeling main building, thirty-five thousand dollars. Not more than one-third of this money was to be drawn during 1890, and the balance in two equal install- ments, the first on or after May 15, 1891 , and the second on or after October 15, 1891.^ At the next meeting of the General Assembly a law was enacted, making appropriations as follows: — (a) For an as- sembly room and for repairs and improvements, twelve thousand five hundred dollars, (b) For completion of cream- * Laws of Iowa, 1888, p. 164. • Laws of Iowa, 1890, pp. 109^110. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 171 ery and repair of bams, five thousand dollars, (c) For building for agriculture, horticulture, veterinary science and agricultural chemistry, thirty-five thousand dollars, (d) For repairing an extension of steam heating and electric light plant, three thousand dollars, (e) For repairing an extension of water works, one thousand dollars. This act was approved April 8, 1892.^ The twenty-fifth General Assembly entered more fully upon the plan of appropriating a certain and considerable amount not only for one biennial period, but as an anniial appropriation. By an act approved March 29, 1894, this General Assembly enacted that the sum of fifteen thousand dollars be appropriated annually thereafter for repairs, gen- eral improvements, and current expenses at the Iowa State Agricultural College. The first of these annual payments was to be made September 1, 1894. This act further ap- propriated the following sums: — (a) For an experimental bam, four thousand dollars, not more than one-half to be drawn before October 15, 1894. (J) For a ladies' hall, forty -five thousand dollars, the first half not to be drawn un- til on or after April 15, 1895, and the second half not to be drawn until on or after October 15, 1895. ^ At the next meeting of the legislature, the act, approved April 10, 1896, making appropriations for the Agricultural College carried the following amounts: — [a) Emergency fund for deep well, fifteen thousand dollars. (J) Equipment of water works, twenty -one thousand dollars, {c) Greenhouse, six thousand dollars, {d) Forge shops and foundry with fixtures, five » Law9 oflovoa, 18W, pp. 117-118. * Laws of Iowa, 1804, pp. 142-148. 172 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS thousand dollars, (e) Farm bams, four thousand dollars. (/*) Sewen^e disposal system, thirty-five hundred dollars. The total amount thus appropriated, in addition to the an- nual appropriation made by the preceding General Assembly, was $54,500.1 An act was approved two years later, April 6, 1898, by which the sum of five thousand dollars was appropriated to be used for building a carpenter shop on the Agricultural College grounds. 2 The Twenty-Eighth General Assembly, by an act approved April 6, 1900, increased the amount of the annual appro- priation, by the addition of twenty-five thousand dollars an- nually thereafter^ for repairs, general improvements, and current expenses. This sum was to be paid in quarterly in- stallments, the first installment being paid July 1, 1900. By this act further appropriations were made, as follows: — {a) For president's residence, ten thousand dollars, {b) For horse bam and stock pavilion, twelve thousand dollars, {c) For purchase of pure bred stock, ten thousand dollars, {d) For general engineering hall, eighty-five thousand dollars. Twenty-five thousand dollars of the sum for **general engi- neering hall" was not to be available before November 1, 1901. At the next session of the legislature, April 1 2, 1902, there was added to the general support fund the sum of tliirty-five thousand dollars annually thereafter] also ten thousand dollars annually th^reaftei* for the support of the experiment station. Further appropriations, to the amount of forty-five thousand dollars, were made for the following 1 Laws of Iowa, 1890, pp. 137-138. • Law8 of Iowa, 1898, p. 89. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 173 purposes: — (a) For commencing bam, five thousand dollars. (b) For the purchase of live stock, five thousand dollars. (c) For commencement of a central building, thirty-five thousand dollars.^ April 13, 1904, there was approved an act making appro- priations for the Agricultural College. There was added to the general support fund the sum of fifty thousand dollars annually thereafter^ and for the support of the experiment station, fifteen thousand dollars annually thereafter. Further appropriations made by this act were: — (a) For the central building, ninety-five thousand dollars, to be used (1) for restoring dome, twenty-two thousand dollars, (2) for restora- tion of granite for base and steps, twelve thousand dollars, (3) for heating, lighting, plumbing and fixtures, twenty- nine thousand dollars, and (4) for furnishings, thirty-two thousand dollars, (b) The sum of fifty-four thousand five hundred dollars, to be used (1) for central heating plant and chimney, twenty-five thousand dollars, and (2) for equipment for central heating plant, tunnel to central building and Morrill hall, and for wreckage of old building and transfer- ing boilers to new building, twenty-nine thousand five hun- dred dollars, (c) The sum of eighty-four thousand five hundred dollars, to be used (1) for dairy building, forty- five thousand dollars, (2) for equipment of dairy building, ten thousand dollars, (3) for land, twenty-two thousand dollars, (4) for herd, equipment of dairy farm, seven thou- sand dollars, and (5) for poultry and equipment of dairy farm, five hundred dollars, (d) The sum of seven thousand dollars to be used for good roads experimentation, (e) The 1 Lavoi of Iowa, 1902, p. 141. 174 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS sum of six thousand dollars for the benefit of the engineer- ing department. (/) The sum of four thousand five hun- dred dollars annually thei^eafter for the additional support of the repair fund. ^ The appropriation for the Agricultural College for the present biennial period was made by an act approved April 9, 1906. It added to the annual endowment fund the sum of thirty-five thousand nine hundred dollars, to be divided as follows: — [a) For general support, twenty -five thousand dollars, (h) Support of engineering department station, three thousand five hundred dollars, {c) Purchase of books and periodicals, two thousand four hundred dollars, {d) Good roads experimentation, five thousand dollars. This bill also appropriated twenty-six thousand six hundred dol- lars for the following purposes : — {a) Equipment of college departments, five thousand dollars, {h) Buildings and equip- ment of dairy farm and poultry plant, ten thousand dollars. {c) Purchase of additional land, eleven thousand dollars. {d) Cataloger for five years, per year six hundred dollars. ^ MILLAGE TAX FOR AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE The millage tax for the State University proved to be so satisfactory as a means of raising funds for the erection of buildings for that institution that the Twenty-Eighth Gen- eral Assembly, February 28, 1 900, enacted a law establish- ing a similar millage tax for the Iowa State College of Agri- culture and Mechanic Arts. By this law it was enacted that there should be levied upon the assessed valuation of the » Laws of Iowa, 1904, pp. 146-146. ■ Laws of Iowa, ll>00, pp. 18a-189. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 175 taxable property of the State a special tax of one-tenth of a mill on the dollar of such valuation. The money thus raised was to be used for the erection, improvement, and equipment of buildings for the Iowa State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. The Board of Trustees of that college was given power to say as to what buildings were to be erect- ed with these funds. This levy was to commence with» the first general levy after the passage of the act, and should continue for four successive years thereafter. The proceeds of the tax, to the amount of fifty-five thousand dollars in any one year, were to be carried into the State Treasury to the credit of the Agricultural College. Any amount above such a sum was to go into the State Treasury for general pur- poses.^ It was the intention that the money thus raised should be in lieu of any and all appropriations for erection, improvement, and equipment of necessary buildings for the College during the five year period, except such as were provided for in section 1 of chapter 152 of the acts of this same General Assembly. When the next Assembly met it seemed that the amount of money raised by this special tax was not sufficient to meet the needs of the institution, and consequently, on April 7, 1902, a law was enacted which repealed the law of February 28, 1900. Instead of the former levy of one-tenth mill, this act provided for a levy of one-fifth mill on the dollar of as- sessed valuation of the taxable property of the State to be collected, cared for, and expended in the same way and for the same purposes as were set down in the previous law. ^ Law$ qf Iowa, 1900, p. 75. 176 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS This one-fifth mill levy was to be first made in the year 1902, and in the four successive years thereafter.^ The Thirty-first General Assembly, by an act approved April 10, 1906, continued the levy of one-fifth mill on the dollar of taxable property of Iowa for a further five year period. The first levy under this new law is to be that for the year 1907. The General Assembly established the same limiting restrictions as to the expenditure of the funds aris- ing from this special tax as was established in regard to the University special tax. No part of such funds was to be expended without first submitting to the General Assembly for its approval estimates of costs, plans, and specifications of the building contemplated. Provision was made, how- ever, that there might be deviation from the estimated cost of an approved building, or any emergency building, not exceeding twenty-five thousand dollars, if such deviation should be necessary between sessions of the legislature. Such expenditure must have first secured a majority vote of the Executive Council of Iowa. This act also authorized the erection at Ames of a new building, to be known as the Hall of Agriculture, and to cost including heating, lighting and plumbing, not to exceed two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Estimates of cost, plans and specifications of this building were to be approved by a majority of the Execu- tive Council.^ The following table shows the amounts raised during the successive biennial periods by the millage tax for the Iowa State College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. 1 Laws of Iowa, 1902, p. 123. « Laws of Iowa, 1906, pp. 140-141. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 177 TABLE NO. XVIII^ June 30, 1901, (iV mill) . . . $ 30,498.91 June 30, 1903 143,964.61 June 30, 1905 247,688.16 Total to June SO, 1906 . . $422,151.68 Following is a table showing the entire amounts of State aid to the Iowa State College of Agriculture and the Me- chanic Arts since 1858. The amounts for each year and the total amounts are shown for each of the following items; viz. {a) general support, (b) buildings, improvements, repair, etc., (c) experiment station, and {d) totaL TABLE NO. XIX* * STATE AID TO AOBICULTUBAL COLLBOE B- KXP. BTATIOlf TOTAL $27,000.00 TSAB OBlf. 8UPFOBT BUILDINGS, IMPBC MBHT8, BBPAIB, 1 1858 $27,000.00 1859 " 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 20,000.00 1865 1866 91,000.00 1867 1868 47,760.00 1869 1870 68,600.00 1871 1872 38,500.00 1873 20,000.00 91,000.00 47,760.00 68,600.00 38,600.00 1 See Bimtidal Report* cf StaJtt Treaaurtr: * CentuB of lowOjlOOb, pp. cxix-cxx. 178 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS TBAR OBH. SUPPORT BUILDI1IQ8, IMPROTB- MBNT8, RBPAIR, BTC. BXP. 8TATIOH TOTAL 1874 t 14,742.36 t 14,742.36 1875 13,597.64 13,597.64 1876 20,995.00 20,995.00 1877 3,925.00 3,925.00 1878 1879 3,972.25 3,972 25 1880 10,937.98 10,937.98 1881 8,276.50 8,276.50 1882 13,549.12 13,549.12 1883 18,087.84 13,087.34 1884 14,707.86 14,707.86 1885 28,295.36 28,295.36 188A 5,150.00 5,150.00 1887 5,150.00 5,150.00 1888 6,000.00 6,000.00 1889 6,000.00 6,000.00 1890 10,918.78 19,918.73 1891 38,672.04 38,672.04 1892 39,989.33 39,989.33 1893 30,419.38 30,419.38 1894 28,588.45 28,588.45 1895 46,278.12 46,278.12 1896 36,912.63 36,912.63 1897 37,232.10 37,232.10 1898 20,039.86 20,039.86 1899 30,202.69 30,202.69 1900 25,243.78 25,243.78 1901 t 25,000.00 100,625.28 125,625.28 1902 25,000.00 113,088.77 138,088.77 1903 60,000.00 140,924.06 $10,000.00 210,924.06 1004 80,000.00 142,017.51 13,125.00 235,142.51 1905 100,416.66 241,693.14 25,000.00 367,109.80 Totals •290,416.66 $1,538,982.28 •48,125.00 $1,877,523.94 STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 179 STATE APPROPRIATIONS FOR THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL The act by which a State Normal School was established, approved March 17, 1876, provided for legislative appro- priations for such Normal School. The sum of fourteen thousand five hundred dollars was set aside for the establish- ment and maintenance of the institution. This sum was divided as follows: — (a) For necessary improvement and re- repairs, three thousand dollars, (b) For salaries of teachers and employes, ten thousand dollars, (c) For contingent ex- penses, fifteen hundred dollars. Beside this money, the State turned over to the State Normal School the buildings at Cedar Falls which had been used for a soldiers* orphans* home.^ At the next meeting of the General Assembly a law was enacted, March 25, 1878, which appropriated the sum of thirteen thousand five hundred dollars for the maintenance of the School for the next biennial period. This money was to be paid in eight quarterly installments, the first one to be made July 1, 1878.^ The amount of the appropriation for the next two years was twenty-seven thousand seven hundred dollars. The act making it was approved March 20, 1880. The amount speci- fied was to be used for the following purposes: — (a) For the payment of teachers, thirteen thousand seven hundred dol- lars, to be paid in eight equal quarterly payments commenc- ing July 1, 1880. (b) For repairs and improvements, two thousand dollars, to be paid in two equal annual payments to be made July 1, 1880, and July 1, 1881. (c) For library * Law$ oflowiy 1876, pp. 118-120. • La\o% cflawa, 1878, pp. 129^180. 180 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS and apparatus, one thousand dollars to be paid July 1, 1880. (d) For contingencies, one thousand dollars.^ The next General Assembly enacted a measure, March 14, 1882, by which forty-nine thousand five hundred dollars was appropriated for the State Normal School The items for which this money was to be used were as follows: — (a) For teachers' salaries, fifteen thousand five hundred dollars, (b) For repairs and improvements, two thousand dollars, (c) For library and apparatus, one thousand dollars, {d) For contingent expenses, one thousand dollars, (e) For a new building, the plans and specifications to be approved by the Executive Council, thirty thousand dollars. Not more than one-half of the total amount appropriated was to be drawn during the year 1882.^ The legislative appropriations for the next biennial period, made by an act approved April 1, 1884, fixed twenty-seven thousand dollars as the amount to be expended for the Nor- mal School as follows: — (a) For teachers' salaries, nineteen thousand dollars, (b) For repairing boilers, three thousand dollars, (c) For general repairs and improvements, twenty- eight hundred dollars, (d) For school furniture, one thou- sand dollars, (e) For library and apparatus, one thousand dollars. (/) For contingent fund, one thousand dollars. The act specified the dates at or after which these several amounts were to be drawn from the treasury.' The next legislature, by an act approved April 9, 1886, made appropriations for the State Normal School for the 1 Law$ qflowa^ 1880, pp. 60-61, * Laws qf Iowa, 1882, pp. 88-84. * Laws of Iowa, 1884, pp. 123-124. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 181 following pnrposes: — (a) For salaries, twenty-one thousand six hundred dollars, (b) For apparatus, one hundred dollars. (c) For steam-heating, two hundred dollars, (d) For repairs and fire escapes, one thousand dollars, (e) For coal sheds, two hundred dollars. {/) For sewerage, one hundred and fifty dollars, (ff) For contingent fund, one thousand dol- lars. The entire sum appropriated was $25,200.^ The act making the next biennial appropriations for the Normal School was approved April 11, 1888. The amount appropriated was thirty thousand two hundred dollars. This was to be used for purposes as follows: — (a) For teachers' fund, twenty-three thousand dollars, (b) For a regular con- tingent fund, two thousand three hundred dollars, (o) For library and chemical apparatus, one thousand dollars, (d) For a new piano, four hundred dollars, (e) For repairs to steam heating apparatus, five hundred dollars. ( /) For re- pairs of old building, two thousand dollars, (ff) For sewer- age and ventilation, one thousand dollars. Not 'more than half of this money was to be drawn during 1888, and the balance in two equal installments, the first on or after April 1, 1889, and the second on or after July 1, 1889.* By another act, approved the same date, the directors of the Normal School were directed to contract with the City of Cedar Falls for water supply, and to provide necessary apparatus and means for using such water. For these pur- poses, the sum of seven thousand one hundred dollars was appropriated from the State Treasury.' 1 Laws oflawa^ 1886, p. 183. * Law$ of Iowa, 1888, p. 162. s Laws of Iowa, 1888, p. 163. 182 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS In 1890, by an act approved April 16, the legislature first made use of the plan of making appropriations annually thereafter for the Normal School. At this time there was appropriated the sum of fifteen thousand dollars annually as endowment fund for the payment of teachers, and twenty- five hundred dollars annually for a regular contingent fund. The money of both these funds was to be drawn quarterly. In addition to these funds, this act appropriated seventeen thousand six hundred dollars for the following purposes: — {a) For library and apparatus, four thousand dollars. (6) For repairs on buildings and for boilers and steam heating, five thousand dollars, {c) For platform scales* one hundred dollars, {d) For President's cottage and furnishing same, six thousand dollars, {e) For cold storage room, five hun- dred dollars. ( /) For laundry and appliances, one thousand dollars, {g) For water rents and water, one thousand dol- lars.^ A law enacted by the next General Assembly, April 9, 1892, added two thousand five hundred dollars to the an- nual fund for the payment of teachers, and five hundred dollars annually to the contingent fund. Additional special appropriations, amounting to seventeen thousand seven hun- dred dollars, were as follows: — (a) For library and appara- tus, fifteen hundred dollars. (J) For repairs and steam heat- ing, nine thousand dollars. (6) For water rents, twelve hun- dred dollars, (d) For military instruction, one thousand dol- lars, {e) For sewerage, five thousand dollars.^ Special appropriations for the next biennium, made by an » Laws of Iowa, 1890, pp. 110-111. » Laws of Iowa, 1892, pp. 182-183. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 183 act approved March 80, 1894, were as follows: — (a) For librarian, one thousand dollars, (b) For military instruction, one thousand dollars, (c) For additional repair and contin- gent fund, five thousand dollars, (d) For teachers* fund, additional, ten thousand dollars, (e) For library and appara- tus, three thousand dollars; and for a new building, thirty thousand dollars. The total sum specially provided was fifty thousand dollars.^ The law making appropriations for the next biennial period, approved April 17, 1896, carried with it forty-eight thousand dollars for the State Normal School. The uses and amounts of the various sums were: — (a) Additional for teachers* fund, twenty-two thousand dollars, (b) Additional contingent fund, twelve thousand dollars, (c) Library, one thousand dollars, (d) For repairs, two thousand dollars. (e) Librarian and assistant, one thousand dollars. (/) Mili- tary instruction, one thousand dollars, (ff) Addition to boil- er house, new boilers and steam heating, three thousand dollars, (h) Sewer, five thousand dollars, (t) Library furni- tui-e, five hundred dollars. (J) Biological laboratory and apparatus, five hundred dollars.* For support and maintenance of the Normal School dur- ing the next biennium, the following appropriations were made by an act approved April 7, 1898. — (a) For repairs, two thousand dollars, (b) For library, one thousand dollars. (c) For librarian and assistant, one thousand dollars, (d) For military instructor, one thousand dollars, (e) For addi- tional teachers' fund, nine thousand dollars. The total ^ Laws of lotoa, 1804, pp. 144-146. • Law$ of Iowa, 1896, pp. 145-146. r 184 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS amoant of these special appropriations was fourteen thou- sand dollars.^ The next General Assembly made farther additions to the annual appropriations, for the payment of teachers, six- teen thousand five hundred dollars additional annually, and for contingent expenses, five thousand dollars additional annually. Special appropriations were made to the amount of one hundred twenty-four thousand eight hundred dollars, for the following purposes: — (a) For other expenses, three thousand dollars, (b) For repairs, three thousand dollars. (c) For library, three thousand dollars, (d) For military in- struction, sixteen hundred dollars, (e) For librarian and assistant, twenty-two hundred dollars. (/) For summer term, twelve thousand dollars, (ff) For a new building, one hundred thousand dollars. The law making such provisions was of the date April 6, 1900. ^ The next legislature, by an act approved April 12, 1902, made further annual appropriations for the Normal School, to the amount of twelve thousand five hundred dollars. This sum included for the {payment of teachers, seven thousand five hundred dollars additional annually^ and for contingent expenses, five thousand dollars annually. An \annual ap- propriation of seven thousand dollars for summer term was also made. This act also made special appropriations amount- ing to $45,269.35, to be expended as follows: — (a) For re- pairs, three thousand dollars, (b) For library, three thou- sand dollars, (c) For miUtary instruction, sixteen hundred dollars, (d) For librarian and assistants, four thousand dol- * Laws of lovoa, 1898, p. 91. • Laws of Iowa, 1900, pp. 112-118. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 185 lars. (e) For repairs on buildings, three thousand dollars. (/) For grading and improvement of grounds, five hundred dollars. (^) For street paving, three thousand dollars, (h) For extension of heating plant, seven thousand seventy-three dollars and twenty-nine cents, (i) For extension of water mains and fire protection, one thousand ninety-six dollars and six cents. 0') For famishing buildings, ten thousand dollars, (jk) For janitors, firemen, and fuel, two thousand dollars, (l) For additional boilers and heating capacity, seven thousand dollars.^ The next legislature added thirty-five thousand dollars to the annucU appropriation for the Normal School As speci- fied in the appropriating act, approved April 18, 1904, twenty thousand dollars of this amount was for the payment of teachers, and fifteen thousand dollars for contingent expenses. The special appropriations were in the sum of eighteen thousand dollars, for the following purposes: — {a) For libra- rian and two assistants, five thousand dollars. (3) For library, five thousand dollars, (c?) For improvement of grounds, three thousand dollars, {d) For fuel, three thousand seven hundred fifty dollars, (e) For engineer, firemen, and night watchman, one thousand two hundred fifty dollars. As had been the case with several preceding appropriations, part of these sums were immediately available, while part were to be drawn only on or after some specified future date.^ At the last meeting of the legislature an act was passed and approved April 9, 1906, as a result of which the annual appropriation for the State Normal School was increased ^ Lavo9 of Iowa, 1002, pp. 140-142. * Law8 oflowaj 1004, pp. 145-147. 186 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS by six thoasand dollars. This amoant was to be divided (a) for payment of teachers, five thousand dollars, and (b) for sammer term, one thoasand dollars. The same act also made special appropriations to the amount of six thousand dollars. The division of this sum was to be as follows: — (a) For librarian and two assistants, two thousand dollars. (b) For library, twenty-fi ve hundred dollars, (c) For paving, permanent walks, and improvement of grounds, fifteen hun- dred dollars.^ MILLAGE TAX FOB NORMAL SCHOOL Four years after the millage tax was first used for the State University, two years after the law was passed estab- lishing such a tax for the Agricultural College, the General Assembly, April 9, 1902, enacted a law providing a similar tax for the State Normal School at Cedar Falls. By this act one-tenth of a mill tax was to be levied upon each dollar of assessed valuation of the taxable property of the State, the money to be used for the erection, repair and improve- ment, and equipment of such necessary buildings as the Board of Trustees should decide upon. This levy was to be made first with the levy for State purposes in 1902, and for four successive years thereafter. This money was to be held by the Treasurer of the State, to be drawn upon requisi- tion of the Board of Trustees of the Normal School.^ The special millage tax had proved very satisfactory in the cases of all three of the State educational institutions, and at the expiration of the five years for which it had been established for the Normal School the General Assembly 1 Laws of Iowa, 1906, pp. 188-189. • Law8 of Iowa, 1902, pp. 72-78. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 187 renewed it for a second period of five years. This was done by an act approved April 10, 1906. The first levy under this new law will be in 1907. The same conditions as to approval by the General Assembly of estimates of cost, plans and specifications of buildings to be erected were estab- lished as before noted in the cases of the millage taxes for the State University and the Agricultural College.^ The millage tax now brings into the Normal School treasury ap- proximately one hundred twenty-five thousand dollars bi- ennially for building purposes. The amounts raised for the State Normal School by this special levy are shown, by biennial periods, by the follow- ing table: TABLE NO. XX^ June 80, 1908 . . . . t 82,645.78 June 30, 1905 128,272.08 Totalto June SOy 1906 y . . $155,917.86 The following table shows the amount of support received by the Iowa State Normal School during each biennial period, the various columns of the table showing the amounts received (a) for general support, (b) as special miscellaneous funds, (c) as special building funds, and (d) the total State appropriations received. TABLE NO. XXl' STATE ▲ID TO KOBMAL SCHOOL BIBNKIUIC SUPPORT SPECIAL MISO. SPECIAL BUILDING TOTAL FUNDS FUNDS 1876-'77 t 5,750.00 t 8,000.00 t 8,750.00 1877-'79 m ^Laws cfloiosk, 1906, p. 142. > Biennial ReporU cf State Treaeurere. * Ceneui qf loioa, 1905, p. czzi. 188 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS BiBmriUM 8UPPOBT SPECIAL MItC. tPBCIAL BUILDIXO TOTAL FCHDt FUVDl 187©-'81 t 14,600.00 t 2,000.00 t 16,600.00 1881-'83 16,698.50 4,000.00 t 29,972.62 49,671.13 1888-'85 22,750.00 4,800.00 27,550.00 1885-'87 22,800.00 1,650.00 24,460.00 1887-'89 28,550.00 12,000.00 40,550.00 1889-'91 25,675.00 11,833.31 37,508.31 1891-'93 62,191.51 16,566.69 67.758.20 1898-'95 61,097.23 6,059.40 18,700.00 79,856.63 1895-'97 89,159.52 10,763.52 24,986.97 124,910.01 1897-'99 106,180.06 11,200.00 117,380.06 1899-'01 133,827.36 10,615.40 56,889.07 201,281.88 1901-'03 184,498.73 60,328.58 79,859.48 314,681.74 1903-'05 233,013.74 17,423.48 139,238.70 389,670.92 Totals $995,691.65 tl60,235.83 $344,691.84 $1,500,578.82 AID TO COUNTY INSTITUTES The Seventh General Assembly passed an act, approved March 12, 1858, reorganizing the system of public instnic- tion in Iowa. In this act it was provided that whenever not less than thirty teachers should desire to assemble to hold a teachers^ institute of not less than six working days duration, the State Superintendent should appoint a time and place for holding such meeting. For procuring teachers and lecturers for such institute, the Superintendent was to receive from the State Treasury a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars for any one institute. This was to be trans- mitted to the County Superintendent of the county in which any such institute might be held, to be paid out as the in- stitute might direct. This act appropriated one thousand dollars per annum for meeting the expense of teachers' in- stitute.^ * Laws of Iowa, 1858, pp. 67-88. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 189 This was an act passed by the State legislature. Bat the new Constitution, adopted August 3, 1857, had stipulated that the Board of Education should have full power and authority to legislate and make all needful rules and regula- tions in relation to common schools and all other educational institutions receiving aid from the school or university fund. There was reserved to the legislature only the power to alter, amend, or repeal such acts, rules and regulations.^ Hence the Supreme Court of the State decided, December 9, 1858, that, as the General Assembly possessed no primary power to pass laws providing for the public instruction of the State until the Board of Education was elected and organized, this act, in so far as it provided for a system of education for the State, was unconstitutional, and therefore void.^ When, however, the Board of Education met on Decem- ber 24, 1858, they enacted this same act in most of its es- sential features, except that the duties set down in the former act as devolving upon the Superintendent of Public Instruc- tion should devolve upon the Secretary of the Board of Education." The annual appropriation of one thousand dol- lars for institutes stood, as made by the act of the legisla- ture of March 12, 1858. On March 19, 1864, the legislature abolished the Board of Education. Provision was then made that, whenever the County Superintendent of any county should give reason* able assurance to the Superintendent of Public Instruction that twenty teachers desired to assemble to hold an institute 1 Conttitutian cf 1867^ Art iz, Fart first, Sec. 8. ■ Iowa Reports, Vol. VII, pp. 262-287. * Journal ofths Board qfEducationj Ist Seasion, p. 20. 190 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS in 8uch coanty, to be not less than six working days in dura- tion, a time and place for such a meeting should be appoint- ed. There was appropriated by this act a sum not to exceed fifty dollars annually for one such institute in each county. This money was to be used by the County Superintendent to defray the expenses of the institute. If any balance re- mained it was to be paid into the county treasury, and be credited to the Teachers' Fund.^ In 1874, March 19, it was provided that each County Superintendent should hold annually a normal institute for the instruction of teachers and those who might desire to teach. It was to be held at such time as most of the schools in the county were closed. To defray the expenses of the institute, one dollar was to be paid for each certificate issued, and one dollar registration fee for each person attending. It was further provided that the County Superintendent should monthly, and at the close of each institute, transmit to the County Treasurer all moneys so received, including the State appropriation, to be designated the "institute fund." Furthermore, power was given to the Board of Supervisors to appropriate any additional sum which they might deem necessary for the further support of such insti- tute. All disbursements from this fund were to be only for services rendered or for expenses incurred in connection with the normal institute, and could be made only upon the order of the County Superintendent.^ This is the law relative to county institutes which is in force at the present time. Un- der its provisions an annual institute is held in each of the 1 Laws of Iowa, 1864, pp. 53-66. * Law$ cflowa, 1874, p. 46. STATE AID TO EDUCATION IN IOWA 191 ninety-nine counties of the State. The numbers of insti- tutes held in Iowa under these various laws are as follows: — TABLE NO. XXII 1858—20 1874—92; 1 did not get $50 1890—99 1859—14 1875—99; 2 did not get $50 1891—99 1860—84 1876—98; 2 did not get $50 1892—99 1861—43 1877—99 1898—99 1862—44 1878—99 1894—99 1863—62 1879—99 1895—99 1864—68 1880—99 1896—99 1866—59 1881—98 1897—99 1866—67 1882—99 1898—99 1867—67 1883—99 1899—99 1868—65 1884—99 1900—99 1869—74 1885—99 1901—99 1870—78 1886—99 1902—99 1871—78 1887—99 ' 1903—99 1872—83 1888—99 1904 — 99 1873—85 1889—99 1905—99 The following table, compiled from the reports of the Auditor of State, gives the amounts of money expended by the State for the support of county institutes during the successive biennial periods : TABLE NO. XXIII November 6 , 1859 November 3, , 1861 November 1, , 1863 November 4, . 1865 November 2, , 1867 November 1, , 1869 November 4, , 1871 November 1, , 1873 t 1,799.60 3,400.00 4,850.00 6,250.00 6,650.00 6,550.00 8,600.00 8,150.00 192 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS October 30, 1875 September 30, 1877 September 30, 1879 September 30, 1881 Jane 30, 1883 June 30, 1885 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 June 30 10,250.00 9,950.00 9,850.00 9,900.00 5,500.00 9,700.00 1887 10,450.00 9,250.00 10,650.00 10,900.00 8,650.00 9,900.00 10,300.00 10,100.00 10,250.00 10,200.00 1889 1891 1893 1895 1897 1899 1901 1903 1905 Total $202,049.60 It would be interesting and of considerable value to in- vestigate the expenditure of the money granted by the State to county institutes, but it is not the function of this paper to discuss the expenditure of educational money. The county institute in Iowa is reaching more or less efficiently a large number of rural teachers who perhaps would not otherwise receive any special educational training for their teaching work. Hugh S. Buffum The State University op Iowa Iowa City, Iowa THE BEGINNINGS OF LIQUOR LEGISLATION IN lOWA^ Many of the liquor laws of early Iowa were inherited from the Territories within which the Iowa country had been in- eluded. From 1836 to 1838 Iowa formed a part of the original Territory of Wisconsin,^ which in turn (from 1834 to 1836) had been included in the Territory of Michigan.' In 1805 the Territory of Michigan had been carved out of the Old Northwest Territory. Thus, in tracing the liquor legislation of early Iowa, the beginnings must be looked for in the statutes of the Old Northwest. LAWS OP THE OLD NORTHWEST In all the laws passed by the Governor and Judges from 1787 to 1802 the subject of intemperance, or the selling of intoxicating liquors, is touched upon but five times.* A close analysis of those five enactments does not, however, indicate that they were inspired by any strong moral senti- ment against the drinking of spirituous liquor. It is true that no tavern or inn-keeper was permitted without a license to sell liquors except in certain quantities and under certain conditions. But this does not necessarily mean that intem- perance was considered an evil; for at that time a license was required before a store-keeper could sell any sort of 1 This paper U confined to the period prior to the establishment of State gov- ernment in 1846. * Shambangh^s Documentary Hittory qflowa^ Vol. I, p. 78. * Shambangh's Documentary Hittory qflowa^ Vol. I, p. 60. « Chaw's Statutes qf Ohio, Vol. I, pp. 108, 104, 114, 166, 244. 194 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS merchandise. The statates are, in the main, directed against the selling of intoxicating li(][uor8 to Indians or to private soldiers without the consent of a commissioned officer. It is evident, therefore, that the purpose of the laws en- acted by the Governor and Judges of the Old Northwest Ter- ritory was not* so much to suppress intemperance as to raise revenue and protect the community against dangers which might arise from the excessive use of intoxicating liquors by certain classes of the population. THE MICHIGAN PERIOD When the laws relating to the selling of liquor passed by the Governor and Judges of the Old Northwest Territory are compared with those enacted later by the Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan a marked advance is observed. During the period when Michigan was a Terri- tory (from 1805 to 1836) the subject of intoxicating liquors was directly legislated upon twenty-four times,^ besides be- ing treated incidentally in several other acts. A careful reading of the Michigan laws discloses a rising sentiment against intemperance. Drunkenness was coining more and more to be regarded as both dangerous and im- moral. This is most clearly shown in the acts forbidding the sale of liquor on Sunday, or at any time in the vicinity of any religious gathering, or to minors. Owners of stage coaches were not allowed to employ as drivers persons ad- dicted to strong drink. Habitual drunkenness could be punished by a term in the house of correction or by whipping. » Laws of the Territory of Michigan, Vol. I, pp. 40, 79, 91, 180, 195, 201, 254, 407, 688, 792, 923; Vol. II, pp. 282, 299, 678, 584, 607, 640, 672. 717, 728; Vol. m, pp. 847, 800, 1172; Vol. IV, p. 67. BEGINNINGS OF IOWA LIQUOR LEGISLATION 195 Perhaps the most notable feature of this legislation is the fact that the price of a license and the penalty for selling without a license were greater than before. The maximum price of a license was increased from sixteen to twenty-five dollars,^ and the maximum penalty for selling without a license from five dollars to two hundred dollars.^ Moreover, the attitude toward selling liquor to the Indians had changed. The fine was made higher, and in addition all articles or money received from Indians in exchange for intoxicating liquor must be returned to them. This seems to indicate a more altruistic attitude toward the Red Man; for evidently the purpose is not merely to protect the Whites from intoxi- cated Indians, but also to protect the Indians themselves. Thus it will be seen that by the time Michigan became a State (in 1836) there was a fairly comprehensive code of liquor laws and a fairly well developed public sentiment against intemperance as an immoral practice. THE WISCONSIN PERIOD This period, which extends from 1836 to 1838, shows no marked development in liquor legislation. Only two laws on the subject were enacted during this time and they con- tain nothing new.' The laws of Michigan were extended over Wisconsin Territory by a provision of the organic act establishing the latter Territory. In a compilation of the most important of these laws six are found which refer to intoxicating liquor.* It is evident, therefore, that but little ^ Laws qf the Territory of MiehigaTi, Vol. I, p. 48. • Laws of the Territory of Michigan, Vol. I, p. 407. • Laws of the Territory of Wieconein, 1886, pp. 118, 884. 4 Laws of Michigan and Wieconsinj pp. 207, 208, 210, 211, 288, 288. 196 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS attention was given to the temperance question dnring the Wisconsin period. Indeed, there seems to have been a re- turn to the earlier idea, which prevailed in the Old North- west, of license for the sole purpose of securing revenue. THE PERIOD OF THE TERRITORY OP IOWA The foregoing outline of the liquor laws passed by the Territories of which the Iowa country had been a part sug- gests the beginnings of a temperance sentiment. It remained, however, for the legislature and the people of the Territory of Iowa to develop these sentiments and to enlarge the scattered and somewhat primitive enactments into an ade- quate code of laws. The eight years of the Territorial period (from 1838 to 1846) witness a more active temper- ance feeling than any other period of equal length during the history of Iowa. The liquor laws passed during these eight years form the basis for subsequent legislation. Iowa became a Territory on July 4, 1838,^ at which time the beginnings of the temperance agitation that was in the next few years to sweep over the entire Territory may, in- deed, be detected. On Friday evening, April 27, 1838, a temperance society was organized at Fort Madison.* A constitution was drawn up and adopted and officers were elected. Samuel B. Ayres was made President; Henry £no^ Vice President; and Philip Viele, one of the Directors. These men all figure prominently in early Iowa politics, and they are excellent representatives of the class of citizens who were leading the temperance movement. The Fort Madi« 1 Shambangh^s Documentary History qflowa. Vol. I, p. 102. • The Fort Madison Patriot, Vol. I, No. 6, May 2, 1838. BEGINNINGS OF IOWA LIQUOR LEGISLATION 197 son society consisted of about fifty members; and its avowed object was to discourage the use^ manufacture, and sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage. About this time a temperance society seems also to have been organized among the settlers along the Des Moines River, in the vicinity of Fort Madison.^ The chief promoter of this society was Mr. Cartwright, a circuit rider. His ef- forts were successful and a large organization was effected. The formation of these societies is an indication that public sentiment against intemperance was increasing. It is a sig- nificant fact that the leaders in the movement were in most cases men who held prominent political positions or were well known in the business world. In Robert Lucas, the first Governor of the Territory of Iowa, the cause of temperance found a staunch supporter. In his first message to the legislature (November 12, 1838) Lucas took a firm stand against both intemperance and ^mbling. He said in part: "These two vices may be con- sidered the fountains from which almost every other crime proceeds, as the statistical reports of many of the peniten- tiaries conclusively show. They have produced more mur- ders, robberies, and individual distress, than all other crimes put together. .... Could you in your wisdom devise ways and means to check the progress of gambling and in- temperance in this Territory, you will perform an act that would immortalize your names and entitle you to the grati- tude of posterity. "2 Again in the same message, in stating the principles which ^ The FoH Madison Palriot, Vol. I, No. 5, Wednesday, May 2, 1888. * Shambaugh's Messages and Proclamations qf the Oovernors cflowa^ Vol. I, p. 88. 198 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS would guide him in nominating persons for offices within the Territory, the Governor said: "I shall at all times pay a due respect to recommendations; but cannot conscientiously nomi- nate to office any individual of had moral character^ or, that may be addicted to intemperance or gambling^ if known to me. These vices are so contaminating in their character, that all public officers in my opinion should be clear of even a suspicion of being addicted to them/'^ The rising temperance sentiment and the recommendations of Governor Lucas were followed by important legislation by the First Legislative Assembly of the Territory. The matter of selling intoxicating liquor is first mentioned in the acts incorporating the towns of Bloomington^ (now Musca- tine) and Davenport.' The authorities in these towns were given the power to regulate the retailing of ardent spirits within the limits of the corporations, provided, however, that their regulation did not conflict with the general laws of the Territory regarding the selling of intoxicating liquor. The proceeds from all licenses were to be appropriated for the use of the corporation. The next enactment was "An Act to prevent the selling of spirituous liquors to Indians."* This act imposed a fine of not more than one hundred nor less than twenty-five dol- lars, with costs of suit, for every offense, and further pro- vided that the offender must return to the Indians any article received in exchange for liquor. Moreover, all legal officers > Shambaugh's Mesaagea and Proclamaiiona qfthe Oovemors qflovoa, Vol. I, p. 02. • Laws of the Territory cflowa, 1838, p. 250. • Laws of the Territory of Iowa, 1888, p. 268. • Laws cf the Territory cflowa, 1888, p. 274. BEGINNINGS OF IOWA LIQUOR LEGISLATION 199 were required, under penalty of forfeiting their office, to re- port all violations of this law which came within their knowl- edge. Then came "An Act for assessing and collecting county revenue.^ According to section one of this act the price of a grocery license was fixed at $100 in incorporated towns and 150 in other places. A "grocery" as here used meant a place where intoxicating liquor was sold. Section two for- bade any tavern-keeper to retail spirits without securing a grocery license. ?wo more law,, o£ minor imporfnce, wo« p^ by the First Legislative Assembly. One of these provided for the punishment of venders of unwholesome liquors and provi- sions by a fine, not exceeding five hundred dollars nor less than thirty dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding six months.^ The other law prohibited the sale of liquor with- in two miles of a worshipping congregation, unless the seller possessed a license and sold at his regular place of business. The fine for each offense was not to exceed fifty dollars and was to be "appropriated to the education of any poor orphan child, or children of the proper county."' These, then, are the laws passed by the First Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Iowa. Viewed alone they show no great advance over the statutes of Michigan Ter- ritory; but taken in connection with the feeling which was beginning to be manifested against intemperance, they stand for progress in liquor legislation. > Laws of the Territory cflowa, 1888, p. 401. * Laws cfthe Territory cflowa, 1888, p. 467. * Laws of the Territory of Iowa, 1838, p. 614. 200 IOWA JOURNAL OP HISTORY AND POLITICS During the year 1889 the temperance movement continued to spread throughout the Territory, although the idea of complete prohibition by law does not seem to have entered the minds of reformers at this time. The following words from a Burlington newspaper illustrate the attitude of those active in the cause: ^^If ever intemperance is banished from our country it will be through the agency of temperance societies and the active cofiperation of men whose philan- thropic hearts glow with love for suffering humanity. It is only by united and harmonious effort that any thing can be effected in the temperance cause Next to the immortal interests of the soul, we believe the temperance cause to be the most important subject which can engage the attention of rational and accountable man."^ Of the temperance societies organized during the year 1889, perhaps the most influential was the one formed at Burling- ton. The first impulse to the movement was given by Mr. Timothy Turner, the "Apostle of Temperance," who de- livered two lectures at the Methodist church of that town in July, 1839.* But the real beginning of organization for temperance reform in Burlington seems to have been a "Tem- perance Convention" that was held on November 14, 1839.' This convention met in the hall of the House of Repre- sentatives and was attended by many prominent men. Judge Charles Mason of the Supreme Court was chairman of the meeting, and Joseph T. Fales, Chief Clerk of the House of Representatives, acted as secretary. Governor Robert Lucas » Burlington Hawkeye and Iowa Patriot^ Vol. I, No. 28, November 7, 1839. « Burlington Iowa Patriot, Vol. I, No. 7, July 18, 1839. > Burlington Hawkeye and Iowa Patriot, Vol. 1, No. 25, November 21, 1839. BEGINNINGS OF IOWA LIQUOR LEGISLATION 201 , addressed the convention at considerable length in favor of organizing a temperance society. Accordingly, a constitu- tion consisting of a preamble and twelve articles was drafted and adopted. The society thus formed was called "The Iowa Territorial Temperance Society." Governor Lucas was elected President; Judge Mason, Vice President; and Dr. J. M. Robertson, Secretary. Gen. J. D. Learned was chairman of the Executive Committee, and Jos. T. Fales occupied the same position on the Corresponding Committee. Two sessions of the Society were held in the hall of the House of Representatives on the afternoon and evening of Wednesday, December 25, 1839.^ Philip Viele and S. B. Ayres were present at these meetings, as delegates from the temperance society at Fort Madison. Thus it will be seen that Burlington, then the capital of the Territory, be- came the center of an active temperance movement. Governor Lucas continued to take an active interest in the cause of temperance. In his second annual message (No- vember 5, 1 839,) he made a rather startling recommendation regarding liquor legislation.^ He said that while gambling had been disposed of by statute, intemperance was uncheck- ed and was in many cases protected by the existing license laws. In his opinion the raising of revenue by license to sell intoxicating liquors partook of the character of legalizing indulgences to commit crime. He held the vender of spirits "morally accountable for all the crimes and wretchedness produced by the use of such ardent spirits, or other intoxicat- ing liquore vended by them, whether wholesale or retail." » Burlington Hawk-Eye arid Iowa Patriot, Vol. I, No. 81, January 2, 1840. * Shanibaugh^s JfeMa^rea and Proclamations of the Governors of lovoa^ Vol. I, pp. 116-118. 202 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS He then stated his belief "that the most effectual mode to sup- press this greatest of all evils (intemperance) would be to submit it entirely to the control of public opinion." This was followed by the rwommendation that the legislature pass a law repealing all license laws then in force in the Territory and leave the whole matter entirely to the control of public opinion. Lucas believed that this would be an effectual check upon the liquor traffic. However, if the legislature did not deem the foregoing recommendation expedient, he suggested that a law be passed giving the voters in each county the right at each annual election to vote upon the question of whether or not there should be licenses granted within that county. The principle of local option is here first enunciated. It is evident that the legislature at its second session did not deem Governor Lucas's recommendation expedient; for no laws were passed which carried out his suggestion of leaving the matter to the control of public opinon; nor was the local option idea adopted. However, several acts on the subject of selling liquor were passed. The first of these was of considerable length and was entitled ''An Act regulat- ing Grocery License. "^ In this act a grocery was defined as follows: ''A grocery shall be deemed to include any house or place where spirituous or vinous liquors are retailed by less quantities than one gallon. " The price of a license was fixed at from twenty-five to one hundred dollars at the dis- cretion of the board of county commissioners, with the addi- tional provision that the applicant for a license was required to execute ''a bond to the said board in the penalty of one * Laws of the Territory of Iowa, 1839, p. 27. BEGINNINGS OF IOWA LIQUOR LEGISLATION 203 hundred dollars," that he would keep an orderly house. The fine for selling intoxicating liquors without a license was placed at from fifty to one hundred dollars for each offense. The two other instances in which the subject of the liquor traffic was touched upon were in connection with acts incor- porating the towns of Salem^ and Dubuque^ The provisions were very similar to those already noticed in the acts incor- porating Bloomington (now Muscatine) and Davenport. During the year 1840 there seems to have been a lull in the temperance agitation. The newspapers contained but little on the subject and there is no evidence that any new societies were formed. The attention of the people was centered on other things. During the early part of the year the all-important subject was the Missouri Boundary War. Toward the close of the year the threatening attitude of the Sac and Fox Indians caused alarm in the northern counties. Even Governor Lucas neglected to mention the subject of temperance in his message to the legislature, so busy was he with affairs which required more immediate attention. In the legislature the matter of selling liquor was touched upon incidentally in four acts. Three of these instances are found in acts incorporating Farmington,' Nashville/ and Iowa City,* and provide merely that the authorities within these towns should have the power of regulating licenses with- in their respective corporations. The other mention is in ' * An > Laws of the Territory of Iowa, 1889, p. 74. > LawB of the Territory cflowa, 1839, p. 126. * Laws of the Territory of Iowa, 1840, p. 36. ^ Laws of the Territory of Iowa, 1840, p. 90. * Laws of the Territory of Iowa, 1840, p. 99. 204 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Act to provide for assessiiig and collecting County Revenue. ''^ The price of a license was fixed at not less than twenty-five nor more than one hundred dollars, and no inn-keeper was permitted to sell intoxicating liquor without a license. Thus from the standpoint of liquor legislation nothing of general importance was enacted during the year 1840. During the following year, however, there was less polit- ical excitement in the Territory and interest in the temper- ance cause revived. On February 22, 1841, a meeting was held at Fairfield and a ^^ County Temperance Society" was organized for Jefferson County.^ Alexander A. Wilson was elected President; Geo. B. Hitchcock, Vice President; and H. B. Notson, Secretary. The following pledge, which is typical of the pledges of the various societies, was signed by each member. ^ 'We, the undersigned, pledge ourselves to abstain from the manufacture, sale, and use of intoxicating liquors, except for mechanical, medical, and sacramental purposes, and not to allow their use in our families, nor provide them for the entertainment of our friends, nor for persons in our employment, and in all suitable ways to dis- courage their use in the community". A meeting of the citizens of Round Prairie, a settlement in the northern part of Des Moines County, was held on April 3rd.' It seems that a temperance society had, at some previous time, been organized at that place, but for some reason it had ceased all activity. At this meeting the So- ciety was reorganized and thiily-eight new members were 1 Laws of the Territory of Iowa ^ 1840, p. 66. • Burlington Ilawkeve and Iowa Patriot, Vol. II, No. 41, March 11, 1841. • Burlington Hawkey e and Iowa Patriot, Vol. II, No. 45, April 8, 1841. BEGINNINGS OF IOWA LIQUOR LEGISLATION 205 added, making sizty-seven in all. Judge Kankin was chosen President, and Peter B. Bell, Secretary. That there was an active interest in the temperance ques- tion at Dubuque is shown by the following extract from a Dubuque newspaper: **The Temperance cause is now in a full tide of successful experiment here. . . . We hope that the good which has been done will only be an incentive to more zealous eflforts, until this giant evil, which is peril- ling every interest of society be driven from the land."^ At Dubuque the work was carried on chiefly by the Catholic Temperance Society. The society at Bloomington was especially energetic dur- ing this year. Robert Lucas again showed his interest in the temperance cause by delivering an address at a meeting held September 6, 1841.* In December of the same year Mr. Fisher made a speech before the Society. During the course of his remarks, Mr. Fisher advocated statutory enact- ments abolishing the liquor traffic. To this recommendation the editor of the Bloomington Herald took exception. In an editorial of December 31, 1841, he said in part: "To this we object. The power to abridge a man's rights so as to compell him to be temperate is not conceded, and if it were, in our opinion, the better plan would be to persuade people to abstain, by the use of the many forcible arguments which can be produced. By this means, the intemperate can again acquire a reputation for virtue, while by the other plan, hia virtuous principles are rendered inactive, unappreciated, be- cause he dare not violate the law. Give virtue, say we, & > Tht Miner's Exprts»y Vol. I, No. 18, December 9, 1841. > BUnmingion Herald, Vol. I, No. 46, September 10, 1841. 200 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS chance to show itself, and then it reaps its reward." This editorial seems to voice the general sentiment of the time in regard to prohibition by law. John Chambers, the second Governor of the Territory of Iowa, was as much opposed to intemperance as was Lucas. He devoted his attention, however, to a different phase of the question, namely, that of endeavoring to check the sale of intoxicating liquors to the Indians. His attitude toward this traffic is clearly indicated by these words in his first message (December 8, 1841): ^ ^It is proable that for a long time we shall remain subject to the evils and inconveniences of having an Indian popula- tion on our borders — evils and inconveniences resulting prin- cipally from their excessive and growing fondness for intoxi- cating drink, with which they are supplied by a depraved and vicious portion of our citizens, who, defying alike the the laws of morality and of their country, furnish them the means of degradation and destruction, with a full knowledge and perfect disregard of its murderous effects upon them. . . . Humanity shudders and religion weeps over the cruel and unrelenting destruction of a people so interesting, by means so dastardly and brutal, that the use of the rifle and the sword, even in a time of profound peace with them would be comparatively merciful."^ There was a law prohibiting the sale of liquor to Indians, but the only penalty imposed for violations was a moderate fine. The traffic was so profitable that this law was largely disregarded. Governor Chambers recommended that im- ^ Shambaugh^s Messages and Proclamations of the Oovernors qflowa^ Vol. I, p. 254. BEGINNINGS OF IOWA LIQUOR LEGISLATION 207 prisonment should be added to the existing penalty, and that all commercial intercourse of any ofort between the Whites and the Indians should be forbidden. In spite of the wide-spread temperance agitation during this year and the active interest taken by the new Governor, -0 hU lotion of importance -« lu^ by ti>e legU- lature which met in December, 1841 . The matter was merely touched upon in acts incorporating the towns of Davenport, ^ Fort Madison, ^ and Keosauqua, ' and in ' ^ An Act to amend an act, for the incorporation of the town of Bloomington. "* The temperance movement in Territorial Iowa may be said to have reached its height in 1841. While interest in the question did not appreciably diminish for many years, yet there was no distinct advance made until long after Iowa had become a State. EspeciaUy is this true of liquor legis- lation ; for during the remaining years of the Territorial period but few important laws on the subject were passed. And since the years from 1841 to 1846 exhibit no marked progress or change of methods in dealing with the liquor problem, this period may be best viewed as a whole. Early in 1842 a society known as the Washington Tem- perance Society was organized at Burlington. Previous to the city election in February, 1842, this Society announced W. W. Wallbridge as its candidate for City Recorder.* In an editorial of February 1 1 , the editor of the Bhomington Herald severely condemned this action. He said, in part: ^ LawB ofiht Territory qflovoa, 1841, p. 48. *Lau>a of the Territory qflowa, 1841, p. 77. * Laws qfthe Territory cflovoa^ 1841, p. 109. « Laws of the Territory qflovoct, 1841, p. 120. * BloomingUm Herald, Vol. HI, No. 16, Febmary 11, 1842. 208 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS * *If it be the purpose only of the Washington Society to re- form the drunkard, and lead the young to avoid the monster ere they have acquired an appetite for the poison, we can hold up both hands for its success; but if it is to be convert- ed into a political machine for the election of its members to office, we must raise our voice in condemnation of such principle." Thus the effort to force the temperance question into politics met with pronounced disapproval. At Davenport the temperance reformers were particularly active and seem to have brought about excellent results, as the following article would indicate: ** Almost every newspaper that we receive has something to say of the progress of temperance, in the respective towns of their publication. Shall we not say something of the temperance of our own smiling village? For the honor then of our town, and we trust our friends in the distance will notice it to induce moral immigration, Davenport contains no coffee-houses. ** *Put it in your paper,' observed a stranger, to us — a passenger in the most recent boat detained at our wharf — 'put it in your paper, sir, as one of the most favorable items, connected with your beautiful town, that one of our passen- gers traversed it all over in search of liquor, but could not obtain a drop.' We comply with his injunctions."^ The Scott County Temperance Society was formed on February 15, 1842,^ with headquarters at Davenport, and on May 31st of the same year a Washingtonian Temperance Society was organized.' In January, 1843, the executive 1 The Davenport Gazette, Vol. I, No. 21, January 13, 1842. • The Davenport Gazette, Vol. I, No. 27, February 24, 1842. • The Davenport Gazette, Vol. I, No. 41, June 2, 1842. BEGINNINGS OF IOWA LIQUOR LEGISLATION 209 oommittee of the Davenport Temperance Society made a somewhat extended report, summing up the results of the Society's labors since its organization in 1889. This report reveals remarkable progress in the four years. ^ However, after 1848 the temperance movement in Davenport lacked the vitality of its earlier years. At Iowa City a temperance society was organized on Sep- tember 4, 1842.^ This society, however, does not appear to have been as energetic as some of the others. Iowa City was now the capital of the Territory, and its people were perhaps more deeply interested in the question of statehood and the other political problems of the day than in the mat- ter of intemperance. At Burlington the temperance workers, who were so energetic in the earlier years, seem to have ceased activities almost entirely from 1841 to 1844. This great change may be largely explained by the fact that the temperance cause at that place had lost its most earnest supporter, Robert Lu- cas, who left Burlington soon after he was removed from the office of Governor. Early in 1844 there was a revival of sentiment against intemperance. The revival began on Washington's birthday, and for several days following meet- ings were held which were largely attended. Among those who addressed these meetings were: Judge Williams, Philip Viele, and other men of prominence. Between two and three hundred people signed the pledge at this time.^ During the period from 1841 to 1846 Governor Chambers 1 The Davenport GaxeUe^ Vol. n, Ko. 22, Janoaiy 19, 1848. • Iowa Standard^ Vol. II, No. 41, September 10, 1842. • BorliDgton Hawk-Bye, Vol. V, No. 40, February 29, 1844. 210 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS continaed to urge upon the legislature the necessity of pass- ing more stringent laws in regard to selling liquor to Indians. In his message of December 7, 1842, he said: ' ^In my last annual message I took occasion to call the attention of the Legislature to the inefficiency of the law to prohibit and punish the sale of intoxicating liquors to our Indian neighbors; but no further legislation on the subject was then deemed necessary, and the offence has continued to be perpetrated, with very few exceptions, with entire impunity, and is increasing in frequency. I deem it, there- fore, an imperative duty again to invoke your deliberative consideration of the matter. The crime not only involves a breach of positive law, and a most pernicious and degrad- ing disregard of the principles of moi*ality and religion, but tends to produce collisions between our frontier inhabitants and the Indians, affecting life and the destruction of property, and may lead to conflicts of a more extensive and dangerous character, without some more effectual means of suppressing it than at present exist can be devised."^ Again, in his message of 1 843, Chambers devoted consid- erable space to the matter of selling intoxicating liquor to the Indians. He said: ''The laws prohibiting this offence impose only pecuniary penalties for a breach of them, and the frauds and extortion practiced upon the Indians by the offenders, enable them, in case of conviction, to pay the penalties imposed, and still prosecute their infamous traffic with a large profit."^ ^ Shambaugh^s Messages and ProclamatUms cfths Oovemors cflowa, Vol. I, pp. 265-266. • Shambaugh^s Messages and Proclamations of the Governors cflowa, Vol. I, pp. 272-273. BEGINNINGS OF IOWA LIQUOR LEGISLATION 211 Knally, in his message of 1845, Governor Chambers made a last appeal in behalf of the unfortunate Bed Man. In speaking of the degeneracy of the Winnebago Indians, he said: **They have become perhaps the most degraded of all the western tribes — they have no longer the habits of the Eed Man — the chase is almost abandoned and the Council fires, if kindled at all, seem only intended to light up the wretched scene of their drunkenness and debauchery."^ Little attention, however, appears to have been paid to these recommendations; for during the Territorial period no laws were passed on the subject of selling liquor to the Indi- ans except the one already noted, which was enacted in 1839. Indeed, after 1841 no liquor laws of importance were passed until 1846. With the exception of clauses in acts incorpor- ating towns or cities, the matter was touched upon only once during this interval. This one instance was ''An Act for the prevention of certain Immoral Practices, "^ section two of which prohibited the sale of liquor on Sunday, except as medicine, and imposed a fine not to exceed five hundred dol- lars for each offense. Of the acts incorporating towns passed during this period, the only one worthy of notice is an amendment to the act incorporating Farmington.« This amendment is interesting because of the fact that it is the only instance during the Territorial period in which the principle of local option was applied. The electors of the town of Farmington were giv- 1 Shambaugh^B Message* and Proclamations cfthe Oovemors cflowa, Vol. I, p. 284. • Laws of the Territory qflowa^ 1848, p. 88. • Laws of ike Territory qf Iowa, 1848, p. 118. 212 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS en the right, at every annaal election, to vote for or against licensing groceries within the limits of the corporation. The last liquor law of the Territorial period was passed January 17, 1846. It was entitled **An Act to amend an act entitled *An Act to regulate Grocery License,' approved January 4th, 1840. "^ This act gave the county commission- ers power to require every person wishing to keep a grocery in the county, whether in an incorporated town or not, **to take out a county license, all laws giving exclusive rights to any city or incorporated town to the contrary notwithstand- ing." Furthermore, the fine for selling without a license was fixed at from thirty to fifty dollars, the proceeds to be used for the common schools. The temperance agitation of the Territorial period speaks well for the morality of Iowa's pioneers. In some measure it accounts, perhaps, for the absence in early Iowa of much of the lawlessness common to frontier communities. The liquor laws of this period formed a starting point for subse- quent enactments. Dan Elbebt Clabk ^ Laws of the Territory qflowa^ 1846, p. 25. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB 1896-1906 THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CLUB For some time previous to the fall of 1896 the idea of the organization of a club which would be to the Political and Social Sciences at The State University of Iowa what the Baconian Club was to the Natural Sciences had been cherished by Professor Isaac A. Loos, the founder of the Political Science Club. Under discouraging circumstances and amid prophecies of failure he nevertheless resolved to make the experiment. Accordingly, he invited a few interested per- sons to his own home on the evening of October 9, 1896. Since that time it has been customary to hold the first meet- ing in each academic year at the home of the founder. Four meetings of the Political Science Club were held prior to January 1, 1897, when a definite organization was decided upon. A record of these first four meetings is preserved in the hand writing of Professor Benj. F. Shambaugh. The following are recorded as present at the fibrst meeting: ''Presi- dent SchaeflPer, Chancellor McClain, Professor Loos, Profes- sor Hayes, Professor Wilcox, Professor McConnell, Professor Wilson, Professor Currier, Assistant Professor Shambaugh, The Rev. Dr. Bullock, Mr. Eich (Librarian), Mr. Davis (Editor), Instructor Kelly, Instructor Plum, Instructor Mer- ritt, Instructor Treimer, Mr. Van Law (Fellow), and Mr. Brock (Fellow). " Professor W. C. Wilcox read the paper of the evening on What is Political Science. 214 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS By January, 1897, the Political Science Club had an ac- knowledged membership, though no one had as yet been formally admitted. On January 11, 1897, a business ses- sion of the Club was held in the Political Science rooms (then in the Old Stone Capitol), and the record shows that the fol- lowing members were present: *'Rev. Dr. Bullock, Chan- cellor McClain, Professors Hayes, McConnell, Loos, and Wilcox, Librarian Rich, Assistant Professor Shambaugh, and Instructors Kelly, Dorcas, Merritt, and Plum." The meeting was called to order by Professor Loos, who was made temporary Chairman. Instructor Plum was made tem- porary Secretary. Professor Loos stated that the object of the meeting was to discuss plans for definite organization. Dr. Bullock's motion that the Club organize under the name of ''The Political Science Club of The Iowa State Univer- sity" was carried, as was also Chancellor McClain's motion that the temporary officers hold office until further provision be made. Professor Wilcox moved the appointment of four members who, with the President as chairman, should act as an Ex- ecutive Committee. The motion prevailed and the follow- ing were named: Chancellor McClain and Professors Wil- cox, McConnell, and Hayes. Mr. Eich moved that the Executive Committee be directed to report at their discre- tion a draft of a constitution and by-laws. Thus, at the end of three months the Political Science Club had an acknowledged membership of about fifteen persons and a definite organization but had as yet no written consti- tution. The second annual business meeting records little of in- HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB 215 terest outside of the reelection of old officers and the estab- lishment of alternate Monday evenings as the time for hold- ing the regular meetings of the Club. At the third annual business meeting progress was report- ed from the Executive Committee; Professor Loos was re- elected President; and Professor Shambaugh was elected Secretary. At the fourth annual meeting (January 8, 1900) Professor Loos was elected President for the fourth time and Dr. Pat- terson was elected Secretary. At this meeting the present Constitution of the Club was adopted. It reads as follows: Whereas a Political Science Clnb was organized at the TJniver- sity of Iowa in November, one thousand eight hundred and ninety- six, of which the following named persons have been recognized mem- bers: Charles A. Schaeffer Samuel Hayes George E. MacLean Joseph J. McConnell Amos N. Currier William C. Wilcox Emlin McClain Martin J. Wade Laenas 6. Weld Benjamin F. Shambaugh Isaac A. Loos Harry S. Richards Elmer A. Wilcox William R. Patterson Harry Q. Plum Percy L. Kaye Herbert C. Dorcas Joseph W. Rich Fred D. Merritt Abe E. Swisher Harry E. Kelly M. A. Bullock Comfort H. Van Law And Whebeas, the following named persons have served as of- ficers: Isaac A. Loos, President Benj. F. Shambaugh, Secretary H. G. Plum, Secretary 216 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Isaac A. Loos Emlin McClain Samael Hayes Joseph J. McConnell William C. Wilcox Benjamin F. Shambaagh H. G. Plum Members from time to time of Executiye Committee Now on this 8th day of January, 1900, for purposes of more definite organization we, the undersigned, members of the Political Science Club, do adopt the following written constitution: ▲BTICLE I This organization shall continue to bear the name: The Politi- cal Science Club of the University op Iowa. article ii Any person may become a member of the Club upon the nomina- tion of the Executive Committee, the ballot of the Club taken at its annual meeting, and the signing of the Constitution. No person shall become a member who receives three or more negative votes. AH whose names appear in the Preamble and who now reside in Iowa City are members of the Club by signing the Constitution. ARTICLE III The officers of the Club shall be a President, a Secretary, and members of the Executive Committee. These officers shall hold their offices for one year and until their successors are elected. The elec- tion of officers shall take place at the regular annual business meeting and shall be by ballot. ARTICLE IV The ordinary business of the Club shall be conducted by the Executive Committee which shall consist of five members, namely: The President, the Secretary, and three other members chosen by the Club. ARTICLE V The regular business meeting of the Club shall be held in the month of January of each year at the call of the President. Special HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB 217 meetings to fill vacancies in office may be held at the call of the Ex- ecutive Committee. ABTICLE VI This constitntion may be amended by the vote of three-foarths of the members of the Clnb. Up to January 7, 1907, CoDBtitation : George E. MacLean Amos N. Currier Emlin McClain Laenas G. Weld Isaac A. Loos Samuel Hayes J. J. McConnell W. 0. Wilcox M. J. Wade Benj. F. Shambaugh H. S. Eichards Elmer A. Wilcox H. G. Plum Frederick E. Bolton W. R. Patterson H. C. Dorcas A. E. Swisher Percy Lewis Kaye Arthur Fairbanks J. W. Rich C. E. Seashore the following have signed the Henry E. Gordon Rev. E. M. Barrett S. E. Thomas J. E. Conner Duren J. H. Ward Geo. L. Cady Charles Noble Gregory Paul S. Peirce Frank E. Horack Merton L. Person Barry Gilbert Margaret A. Schaflfner Lawrence M. Byers George R. Burnett James Burt Miner J. C. Monnet M. G. Wyer F. C. Ensign C. W. Wassam Horace L. Strain Lewis H. Haney Li the minutes of the fifth annual meeting, held on January 14y 1901, we find the first record of the admission of new 218 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS members. At this meeting Rev. E. N. Barrett, Professor F. E. Bolton, Mr. J. E. Conner, and Mr. S. E. Thomas were elected to membership. Professor W. C. Wilcox was elected President and Dr. Patterson was reelected Secre- tary. At the sixth annual business meeting the following new members were elected: Assistant Professor C. E. Seashore, Professor Arthur Fairbanks, Professor H. E. Gordon, Rev. D. J. H. Ward, Rev. G. L. Cady, and Dean Charles Noble Gregory. Professor Hayes was elected President and Pro- fessor Bolton was elected Secretary. The seventh annual business meeting was held on January 19, 1903. Professor Shambaugh was chosen President; and Professor Bolton was reelected Secretary. The following new members were elected : Dr. Margaret Schaffner, Dr. Paul S. Peirce, and Dr. Frank E. Horack. At the eighth annual business meeting in January, 1904, Professor Plum was elected President and for the third time Professor Bolton was elected Secretary. Professor L. M. Byers, Professor Barry Gilbert, and Mr. M. L. Ferson were admitted as new members. At the ninth annual business meeting the Club elected Professor Bolton, President, and Dr. Horack, Secretary. The members admitted at this meeting were Professor J. F. Brown, Col. Geo. R. Burnett, Dr. Jas. B. Miner, Mr. M. G. Wyer, and Mr. J. C. Monnet. It was voted for the sec- ond time that the President give a retiring address at the first meeting after the annual business meeting. The tenth annual business meeting was held January 8, 1906, at which meeting Dean Gregory was elected President HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB 219 and Dr. Horack was reelected Secretary. Professor F. C. Ensign, Mr. C. W. Wassam, and the Rev. Horace L. Strain were admitted to membership. It was at the tenth annual meeting that steps were taken looking toward the collection of data relative to the history of the Club. A motion was passed that '*The Executive Committee be instructed to prepare and publish a pamphlet relative to the organization and history of the Club and that they be empowered to levy an assessment upon members for that purpose. ' ' The instructions to the Executive Committee remained unexecuted from January 8, 1906, to October 30, 1906, and might still have remained so had not the Secretary inadvertently called the Committee's attention to the situa- tion at a meeting on October 30, 1906. The Executive Committee at once voted that the Secretary prepare such a paper in accordance with the instructions of the Club and present the same at the second meeting in November. THE YEARLY PROGRAMS OF THE CLUB The first and by far the greatest diflSculty encountered in attempting to write the history of this Club was due to the lack of a complete and consecutive record of the regular meetings in each year, showing the place of meeting, the name of the reader, and the title of the paper read. Prom the first annual business meeting in January, 1897, the Rec- ord Book is silent as to any other meetings until November 16, 1897. From November 15, 1897, to May 2, 1898, a complete program for the year is recorded, showing the place of meeting, the name of the reader, and the title of the paper. From October 15, 1898, to January 7, 1899, the record is complete; but for the remainder of the academic 220 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS year it is a blank. For the academic year 1899-1900 only three papers are recorded; and this record shows intrinsic evidence of being ex post facto. The program for the aca- demic year 1900-1901 is again very incomplete. The record itself is proof of the fact that it is ex po8t facto; for on April 8, 1901, the Executive Committee held a meeting and the Secretary records that a motion prevailed directing the Sec- retary to incorporate in the minutes of this meeting the titles of papers read since the last meeting of the Committee, to- gether with the name of the reader and place of meeting. The papers from February 18 to April 1 were then inserted. The accuracy of some of the matter that is recorded may be questioned. Indeed, one of the charter members is authority for the statement that several of the earlier Sec- retaries, overcome with remorse at their sins of omission, tried in various ways to reconstruct the programs during their terms of office. That this was done is evidenced in the Record Book by references made to the Vtdette Repor- ter and the 8. U. L Quill. Beginning with October, 1901, the record of meetings and papers read is complete to date. The problem that confronted the writer at the outset was, therefore, the reconstruction of the program for the earlier years of the Club's existence. It seemed imperative to look through the files of the University and city papers. The result of this search has supplied foui'teen omissions and given clues to others. By conferring with the older mem- bers, whose interest was also aroused, other omissions were filled and clues supplied. Professors Loos and Wilcox had kept some memoranda of meetings which filled up several fflSTORY OF THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB 221 gaps; and Mrs. Currier's diary was of great assistance in locat- ing many of the meetings in time and place. ^ THE CUSTOMS OF THE CLUB The history of the Political Science Club would be in- complete without some account of its customs, understand- ings, and usages; for from the beginning the Club has been governed mostly by unwritten law and has developed through custom. A glance at the constitution of the Club will show that it provides simply for organization and nothing more. It names officers but prescribes no duties; and as there are no written by-laws of the Club its policies must be sought in its customs. Upon the President of the Club has fallen the duty of providing a place of meeting, of selecting a reader for the occasion, and of giving notice to the members of such meeting. The duties of the Secretary consist in keeping a record of the date and place of meeting, the reader and the title of the paper read, and recording the minutes of the annual business meetings. The Club has never had a Treasurer or treasury. The policy inaugurated by the founder of the Club of holding the meetings at the homes of the members met with favor from the first; while the suggestion, made in the mid- dle of the first year of the Club's existence, to hold the meet- ings in the Univei'sity lecture rooms proved very unpopular. Only one such meeting was held. The policy of meeting at the homes of the members is now regarded as a firmly fixed policy of the club. That the meeting should begin promptly at eight o'clock 1 The yearly programs for the past decade as recorded and reoonstracted from the sources indicated will be found below at the end of this paper. 222 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS is another unwritten law which has been rather rigidly en- forced, though not without some diflSculty. It has generally been understood that membership in the Club meant not only a willingness to entertain the Club but also the ability to read a paper. The papers read have as a rule been within the field broadly outlined by the name of the Club. Free and open discussion of the papers has always been invited and encouraged. The custom of applauding the reader of the paper is of recent origin and is much re- gretted by the older members, since it is feared that papers may be written with a view to provoking applause. Applause has usually been given to guests who have read papers before the Club. A return to fundamental principles in the matter of applause is much desired by the older members. A num- ber of the papers read before the Club have subsequently appeared in print. The custom of serving refreshments at the close of the discussion dates from the first meeting. Indeed, the refresh- ment problem was one upon which an early agreement or understanding was reached, namely; that the hostess would not be expected to serve anything beyond sandwiches, pickles, and coffee. The presence of women at the meetings of the Club is al- so a custom which developed gradually and is now recognized as firmly established. In only one instance, however, is the presence of women recorded. Among those listed as present at the meeting on January 24, 1898, are the names of lieu- tenant Ely and wife and Mr. Rich and wife. At first the hostess invited two or three of the wives of the members to assist in serving the refreshments; and it is stated (upon the HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB 228 authority of the Professor of History) that at first they re- mained in the kitchen, or at least out of sight, during the reading of the paper and the discussion which followed. Later as more women were invited they sat in silence on the back row of seats in the same room with the members ; while still later as the number of women attending*] the meetings increased, the Club, following the tendencies of other educational institutions in the Middle West, adopted the present policy of complete segregation. In the second or third year of the Club's existence it was felt by some that the presence of women tended to embarrass free discussion, and so the experiment was tried of meeting without them. This proved as unpopular as meeting in the lecture rooms of the University, and the women were again invited and urged to attend the meetings. At first they came only on special invitation; but later the President of the Club in announcing the next meeting would extend a general invitation to the women to attend. This custom has been abandoned, and as one of the charter members remark- ed "for good and for bad, the women have surely acquired a constitutional status in the Political Science Club." Indeed, one woman. Dr. Margaret Schaflfner, was for two years a member of the Club, read a paper, and took part in the dis- cussions of the Club. It may be safely asserted that the Political Science Club is the only Club in the University which has had and main- tained the active working interest of the Presidents of the University since its organization. The Political Science Club is a fine illustration of an insti- tution which has grown through the processes of evolution, 224 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS developing mostly through customary or unwritten law. In the opinion of the writer the success of the Club has been due not alone to the high character of the members and the excellencies of the papers read, but to the happy combina- tion of academic and social features. OFFICERS OF THE CLUB 1896-1907 Prior to Organization — President, I. A. Loos; Secretary, B. F. Shambaugh. Elected at the first Annual Business Meeting ^ January llj 1897 — President, I. A. Loos; Secretary, H. G. Plum; addi- tional members of Executive Committee, Emlin McClain, W. C. Wilcox, J. J. McConnell, and Samuel Hayes. Elected at the Second Anwial Business Meeting^ January 10 y 1898 — President, I. A. Loos; Secretary, H. G. Plum; additional members of Executive Committee, Emlin McClain, W. C. Wilcox, and Samuel Hayes. Elected at the Third Annual Business Meeting ^ January 9y 1899 — President, I. A. Loos; Secretary, B. F. Shambaugh; additional members of Executive Comn^ittee, Emlin McClain, W. C. Wilcox, and Samuel Hayes. Elected at the Fourth Annual Business Meeting^ January 5, 1900 — President, I. A. Loos; Secretary, W. R Patter- son; additional members of Executive Committee, Emlin McClain, J. J. McConnell, and W. C. Wilcox. Elected at the Fifth Annual Business Meeting^ January U, i50i— President, W. C. Wilcox; Secretary, W. R Pat- terson ; additional members of Executive Committee, L A. Loos, J. J. McConnell, and Samuel Hayes. Elected at the Sixth Annual Business Meeting^ Janua/ry 20, i50j?— President, Samuel Hayes; Secretary, F. E. Bol- HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB 225 ton; additdonal members of Executive Committee, B. F. Shambaugh, I. A. Loos, and W. C. Wilcox. Elected at the Seventh Annual Buaineaa Meeting^ Ja/miary 19^ i505— President, B. F. Shambaugh; Secretary, F. E. Bolton; additional members of Executive Committee, Sam- uel Hayes, I. A. Loos, and J. W. Eich. Elected at the Eighth Annual Business Meeting^ Janua/ry 11^ 1904 — President, H. G. Plum; Secretary, F. E. Bolton; additional members of Executive Committee, I. A. Loos, B. F. Shambaugh, and C. E. Seashore. Elected at the Ninth Annual Btisiness Meeting January 9y 750J— President, F. E. Bolton; Secretary, F. E. Horack; additional members of Executive Committee, I. A. Loos, L. M. Byers, and C. E. Seashore. Elected at the Tenth Annual Business Meeting^ January 5, 750^— President, Charles N. Gregory, Secretary, F. E. Horack; additional members of Executive Committee, I. A. Loos, H. E, Gordon, and W. C. Wilcox. Elected at the Eleventh Annual Business Meeting^ Janua/ry 7, 1907 — President, I. A. Loos; Secretary, Merton L. Fer- Bon; additional members of Executive Committee, B. F. Shambaugh, Charles N. Gregory, and W. C. Wilcox.^ ^ At the conclusion of this paper, which was read at the home of Professor and Mrs. Benjamin F. Shambaugh, on November 19, 1006, the ex-presidents of the Club (Professors Loos, Wilcox, Hayes, Shambaugh, Plum, and Bolton) each gave a short address appropriate to the occasion, and the Club presented to its founder. Professor I. A. Loos, a beautiful loving cup bearing the following inscription: ** [.FVtmt] Presented to Isaac A. Loos, Founder of the Political Science Club, by the members, November Nineteenth, 1006. [Rtnene] The Political Science Club, SUte University of Iowa, Iowa City, 1806-1906.'' 226 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS PAPERS READ BEFORE THE POLITIOAL 80IEN0B CLUB DATE PLACE OF MESTINQ RBADEB TITLE or PAPER 1896-1897 Oct. 9 Nov. 2 Nov. 16 Deo. 14 Jan. 11 Jan. 26 Mar. 15* 1897-1898 Nov. 16 Nov. 29 Deo. 18 Jan. 10 Jan. 17 Jan. 24 Peb. 7 Feb. 22 Mar. 7 Mar. 21 Apr. 4 Apr. 18 May 2t Home of Prof, and Mrs. Looe Home of Chancellor and Mrs. McClaln Home of Prof, and Mrs. McConnell Home of Mr. and Mrs. Rich Firit Annual Biainen Political Science Lecture Room Home of Prof, and Mrs. Hayes Home of Prof, and Mrs. Loos Home of President and Mrs. Schaeffer Home of Prof, and Mrs. W. C. Wilcox SecondAnnual Bu9in9$$ Adjourned Session of Home of Mr. and Mrs. Rich Home of Judge and Mrs. Wade Home of Prof, and Mrs. Hayes Home of Chancellor and Mrs. McClaln Home of Mr. and Mrs. A. £.Sv?lsher Home of Prof, and Mrs. W. C. Wilcox Home of Prof, and Mrs. Weld Home of Mr. and Mrs. Merritt Prof. W. C. Wilcox Prof. I. A. Loos Prof. S. Hayes Dr. M. A. Bullock Meeting held at Dr. B. F. Shambaugh Chancellor E^ McClaln Prof. Jesse Ma- cy, of Grlnnell Prof. B. F. Shambaugh Mr. C. H. Van Law Meeting held at Second Annual Mr. H. G. Plum Mr. H. E. Kelly Prof. I. A. Loos Mr. H. C. Dorcas Prof. L. G. Weld Prof. S. Hayes Chancellor Emlin McClaln Mr. F. D. Merritt What Is Political Science The Politics of Aristotle The Common Law The Civil Code of Moees the University The Political Ethics of Her- bert Spencer The Reaaon of the Law and the Doctrine of Precedent Education and Democracy Some of the Bqrchological and Ethical Aq^ects of Po- litical Sdenoe Allegiance the Unieersity Business Meeting The Historical Devel<9ment of the SUte Burke as a Political Philoso- pher Some Aspects of Modem So- cialism Education aa a State Fono- tlon Economic Sciences from the Standpoint of Physical Sci- ences The Registration of Land Ti- tles Government Regulation of Commerce The Quantitative Theory of Money * It la believed that the program for the year 1896-1887 is complete as here ffiven. t Last meeting of the year 1897-1896. HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB 227 PAPERS BEAD BEFORE THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB^ DATE PLACE OF MEETING READER TITLE OF PAPER 1898-1899 Oct. 26 Nov. 7 Nov. 21 Dec. 6 Jan. 9 Jim. 23 Feb. 6 Feb. 20 • Apr. 8 t Apr. 17 t 1899-1900 Oct. 2 Oct. 16 Oct 80 Nov. 18 Nov. 27 t Jan. 8 Jan. 15 Jan. 24 Home of Prof, and Mrs. Loo8 Home of Mr. and Mrs. Rich Home of Dr. and . Mrs. Btdlock Home of Mr. and Mrs. A. £. Swisher Third AnnuoU Biainess Home of Prof, and Mrs. McConnell Home of Chancellor and Mrs. McClain Home of Judge and Mrs. M. J. Wade Home of Prof, and Mrs. Weld Home of Prof, and Mrs. Currier Home of Mr. and Mrs. Rich Home of Prof, and Mrs. Loos Home of Prof, and Birs. Shambaugh Home of Chancellor and Mrs. McClain Home of Prof, and Mrs. McConnell Fourth Annual BuH Home of Mr. and Mrs. A. £. Swisher Home of Pres. and Mrs. MacLean Prof. W. C. Wilcox Mr. J. W. Rich Chancellor Emlin McClain Judge M. J. Wade Meeting hM at Mr. A. E. Swisher Dr. W. R. Patterson Dr. P. L. Kaye The New School of History Some Financial Legislation and Fiscal Operations of the Civil War Some Considerations as to the Government by the United States of Annexed Territory The Theory of Penalties t?ie University The Growth of Corporations and Corporate Law Pawn shops in Europe and America The Early English Colonies in North America Mr. J. W. Rich Confederate Finances Prof. L. G. Weld Prof. B. F. Shambaugh Prof. H. S. Richards Prof. W. C. Wilcox nesa Meeting Prof. I. A. Loos Miss Jane Ad- dams of Chicago The Discovery of the Missis- sippi Politics and Philosophy Government by Injunction Modem Europe as the Resid- uary Legatee of the French Revolution hM at the Univereity Government by Philosophers: a study in the Republic of Plato The 19th Ward of Chicago > The programme of the year 1806-1899 has been the most difficult to reconstruct. * No evidence that meetings were or were not held during March, t Recorded in Mrs. Carrier's diary; but the reader and the title of paper are not given. t Meetings were probably omitted in December. 228 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS PAPERS BEAD BEFORE THE POLITIOAL 8CIEK0E OLUB DATE FLAOB OF M£STING RBADBB TITLB or PAPBB 1899-1900 Feb. 6 Feb. 19 Mar. 6 Mar. 19 Apr. 2 Apr. 16 May ?• 1900-1901 Oct. 22 Nov. 6 Nov. 19 Dec. 3 Dec. 17 Jan. 7 Jan. 14 Jan. 21 Feb. 4 Home of Judge and Mrs. Wade Home of Prof, and Mn. W. C. Wilcox Home of Prof, and MiB, Weld Home of Prof, and Mrs. Currier Home of Prof, and Mn. Shambaugh Home of Prof, and Mrs. Loos Home of Prof, and Mrs. W. C. Wiloox Home of Prof, and Mrs. Loos Home of Dr. and Mrs. Barrett Home of Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Cady Home of Prof, and Mrs. Shambaugh Home of Prof, and Mrs. Weld Home of Chancellor and Mrs. McClain Fifth Annual Business Home of Prof and Mrs. Currier Meeting omitted — John Dr. W. B. Patterson Prof. S. Hayes Chancellor Emlin McClain Prof. I. A. Loos Mr. A* £. Swisher Piof . A. N. Currier Prof. E. A. Wilcox Judge M. J. Wade Dr. P. L. Ki^e Bev. Mr. G. L. Cady Prof. J. J. McConnell Prof. E. A. Wilcox Prof. H. O. Plum Dr. D. J. H. Ward Judge M J. Wade Prof. I. A. Loos Meeting held at Mr. J. £. Conner Marshall Day, The State Board of Control Trusts, their Origin and Prob- able Future French Philosophy and The Declaration of Independ- ence Classification of Trusts Some Features of Commerical Conquest The Philippine Question The Pioneer Combination The Federal Control of Trusts The Boman Provincial Ad- ministration The Limits of Heredity Some Tendencies in Modem College Education A chapter out of Practical Pol- itics— a Study in the Con- temporary Political Situa- tion of the State of Bhode Island The Economic Causes of the Reformation The Rise of the Science of Man Some Practical Problems in Sociology and Politics A Review of the History of the Club and Comments on Higher Commercial Educa- tion the University The Bureau of South Ameri- can Republics observed by the University * Last meeting of the year 1899-1900. HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB 229 PAPERS READ BEFORE THE POLITIOAL SOIENOE OLUB DATE PLAOB OF MEETING READER TITLE OF PAPER 1900-1901 Feb. 18 Biar. 4 Mar. 18 Apr. 1 Apr. 16 Apr. 29 • 1901-1902 Oct. 7 Oct 21 Nov. 4 Not. 18 Dec. 2 Dec. 16 Jan. 18 Jan. 20 Jan. 27 Feb. 10 Feb. 24 Mar. 10 Mar. 24 Home of Judge and Itoi. Wade Physical Laboratory Home of Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Cady Home of Prof, and Mrs. Hayes Home of Mr. and Mrs. A.E. Swisher Home of Prof, and Mrs. W. C. Wilcox Home of Prof, and Mrs. Loos Home of Mr. and Mrs. Rich Home of Prof, and Mrs. Currier Home of Prof, and Mrs. W. C. Wilcox Home of Prof, and Mrs. £. A. Wilcox Home of Judge and Mrs. Wade Home of Dean and Miss Gregory Sixth Annual Buiineas Home of Pres. and Mrs. MacLean Home of Prof, and Mrs. Grordon Home of Prof, and Mrs. Hayes Home of Prof, and Mrs. Shambaugh Home of Prof, and Mrs. Weld Judge Emlin McClain Mr. J. W. Rich Dr. W. R. Patterson Mr. S. T. Tamura Prof. B. F. Shambaugh Prof. L. O. Weld Prof. B. F. Shambaugh Prof. W. R. Patterson Mr. A. E. Swisher Prof. Samuel Hayes Judge M. J. Wade Prof. J. J. McConnell Prof. W. C. Wilcox Meeting hM at Dean Chas. N. Gregory Prof. F.K. Saun- ders, of Tale Prof. H. S. Richards Prof. I. A. Loos Rev. Dr. D. J. H. Ward The Reputed Unwritten Con- stitution of the United SUtes Missions of California (illustrated) Causes of Agrarian Discon- tent in the Middle West The Mission of Japan Frontier Land Clubs or Claim Associations LaSalle in the Mississippi Valley Anarchism The County Care of Paupers The Annexation of Canada The Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation The Relation of Preparatory Schools to the University The Possible Solutions of the Eastern Question the University The Uses and Abuses of Money in Politics Some Recent Excavations Inheritance Taxation The Relativity of Economic Doctrine Anthropology as a Branch of Study * Last meetlos of the year 1900-1901. 280 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS PAPERS READ BEFORE THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB DATE PLACE OF MEETINQ READER TITLE OF PAPER 1901-1902 Apr. 7 Apr. 21» 1902-1903 Oct. 6 Oct. 20 Nov. 3 Nov. 17 Dec. 1 Dec. 15 Jan. 12 Jan. 19 Jan. 26 Feb. 9 Feb. 23 Mar. 9 Mar. 23 Apr. 6 Apr. 20 May 4t 1903-1904 Oct. 12 Mgeting omitted on ac Home of Dr. and Mre. Ward Home of Prof, and Mrs. Loos Home of Dean and Miss Gregory Home of Prof, and Mrs. Bolton Home of Prof and Mrs. Fairbanks Home of Prof, and Mrs. £. A. Wilooz ' Home of Mr. and Mrs. A. £. Sv^isher Home of Prof, and Mrs. Currier Seventh Annual Buai ! Home of Rev. Mr. i and Mrs. Cady Home of Prof, and Mrs. Hayes Home of Pres. and Mrs. MacLean Home of Mr. and Mrs. Rich Home of Prof, and Mrs. Shambaugh Meeting Postponed Home of Judge and Mrs. Wade Home of Prof, and Mrs. Seashore Meeting postponed on count qf Death qf Prof. E. A. Wilcox Prof. F. E. Bolton Prof. L. G. Weld Prof. Arthur Fairbanks Mr. J. W. Rich Prof. B. F. Shambaugh Prof. H. G. Plum Prof. S. Hayes ness Meeting held Dean Chas. N. Gregory Rev. Mr. G. L. Cady Prof. I. A. Loos Prof. H. E. Gordon Judge Emlin McClain Prof. A. N. Currier Dr. Paul S. Peirce CLCcount of led Doctor MiddUton Some Legal Aspects of Trusts Some Facts and Fictions Con- cerning Educational Values The French in the Ohio Val- ley Political and Industrial Greece of today A Hoop for the Barrel, or the Evolution of the Protective System in the United States A Brief History of The State Historical Society of Iowa The Teutonic Order in Prus- sia The Clearing House at the University Sir Samuel Romilly and Law Reform Is Crime Increasing A Report on the Michigan Meeting Called to Discuss the Question of Higher Commercial Education The Higher Education of Wo- men in Spain John Marshall as a Construc- tive Statesman A New England Hill Town Fifty Tears Ago The Freedmen^s Bureau ure by Sir Frederick Pollock * Last meeting of the year 1901-1902. t Last meeting of the year 1902-1908. HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB 281 PAPERS READ BEFORE THE POLITIOAL SOIENOE OLUB DATE PLAGE OF MEETINQ READER TITLE OF PAPER 1903-1904 Oct. 26 Nov. 9 Nov. 18 • Nov. 28 Dec. 7 Dec. 21 Jan. 11 Jan. 18 Feb. 1 Feb. 16 Feb. 29 Biar. 14 Mar. 28 Apr. 11 Apr. 26 t 1904-1905 Oct. 10 Oct. 24 Nov. 7 Nov. 21 Home of Prof, and Mrs. Loos Home of Prof, and Mrs. Bolton Home of Pres. and Mrs. MacLean Home of Prof, and Mrs. W. C. Wilcox Home of Prof, and Mrs. Carrier Home of Prof, and Mrs. E. A. Wilcox Eighth Annual Buti Home of Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Swisher Home of Dr. Horack Home of Prof, and Mrs. Hayes Home of Rev. Mr. and Mrs. Cady Psychological Lec- ture Room Home of Prof, and Mrs. Shambaugh Home of Mr. and MiB. Rich Home of Mr. and Mrs. Person Home of Prof, and Mrs. Loos Home of Prof, and Mrs. Hayes Home of Prof, and Mrs. Bolton Home of Prof, and Mrs. Shambaugh Dr. D. J. H. Ward Prof. W. C. Wilcox Prof. T. Greg- ory Foster of London Prof. A. N. Currier Dr. F.E. Horack Dean Chas. N. Gregory nets Meeting held Prof. B. F. Shambaugh Prof. H. G. Plum Prof. F. E. Bolton Prof. I. A. Loos Prof. C. E. Seashore Mr. A. E. Swisher Rev. Mr. G. L. Cady Dr. F. R. Rutter Judge Emlin McClain Prof. W. C. Wilcox Prof. B. F. Shambaugh Prof. A. N. Currier An investigation of Some Mounds in Johnson County Iowa The Two Conventions (Paris and Philadephia) The English Education Act of 1902 Roman Commerce in the first Christian Century The Recognition of Belliger- ency Lawyers and their Training at the Univereity The Present Status of Polit- ical Science The Equipment of a Modem University Library Imitation Compulsory Insurance Laws in Germany Anthropometric Measure- ments in Hearing Taxation of Property The Code of Hammurabi Sugar Beets and Sugar Pro- duction The History of Law The Relation between Geog- raphy and History Assembly Districting and Ap- portionment in Iowa Dartmouth College Fifty Tears Ago * Special meeting. t Last meetiiiff of the year 1909-1904. 282 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS PAPERS READ BEFORE THE POLITIOAL SCIENCE CLUB DATE FLAGS or MEETING READER TITLE OF PAPER 1904-1905 Deo. 6 Deo. 19 Jan. 16 Jan. Id Jan. 80 Feb. 18 Feb. 27 Mar. 18 Mar. 27 Apr. 10 Apr. 24 May 8» 1905-1906 Oct. 9 Oct. 28 Nov. 6 Nov. 20 Dec. 4 Dec. 18 Jan. 8 Home of Prof, and Mrs. Currier Home of Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Swisher Ninth Annual BvMnesM Home of Prof, and Mrs. W. C. Wilcox Home of Prof, and Mrs. Patterson Home of Col. and Mrs. Burnett Home of Prof, and Mrs. Weld Home of Prof, and Mrs. Gilbert Home of Mr. and Mn. Rich Home of Prof, and Mrs. Fairbanks Home of Mr. and Mrs. Monnet Home of Prof, and Mrs. £. A. Wilcox Home of Prof, and Mrs. Loos Home of Dean and Miss Gregory Home of Judge and Mrs. McClain Home of Mr. and Mrs. Rich Home of Prof, and Mrs. W. C. Wilcox Home of Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Swisher Tenth Annual BuHneu Prof. L. M. Byers Dean Chas. N. Gregory Meeting held at Prof. H. G. Plum Dr. G. L. Cady Prof. H. E. Gordon Dr. D. J. H. Ward Mr. J. W. Rich Mr. J. C. Monnet Dr. Margaret Schaffner Prof. W. R. Patterson Dr. F. E. Horack Prof. E. A. Wilcox Mr. A. E. Swisher Prof. C. E. Seashore Dr. Paul Carus of Chicago Dean Chas. N. Gregory Dr. J. B. Miner Meeting held at The Right to be let Alone The Development of Interna- tional Law the University The Relations Between Eng- land and Scotland Daring the Reign of Elizabeth The Relation of Economics to the Family The GreaseiB Psychogeny The Bookkeeper and his Art Some phases of the Political Philosophy of Thos. Jeffer- son The Doctrine of Conspiracy in Early Labor Disputes The Adulteration of Foods and Drink The Competition for Corpo- rate Fees The Government Control of Corporations An International Court Hypnotism The Nature of the Sute Benjamin Disraeli The Ethics of Football the Univenitif * Last meeting of the year 1901-1906. HISTORY OF THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB 233 PAPERS READ BEFORE THE POLITICAL SCIENCE CLUB DATE PLACE OF MEETING READER TITLE OP PAPER 1905-1906 Jan. 15 Jhd. 29 Feb. 12 Feb. 26 Mar. 12 Mar. 26 Apr. 9 Apr. 23* 1906-1907 Oct. 8 Oct. 22 Nov. 5 Nov. 19 Dec. 8 Dec. 17 Home of Prof, and Mrs. Currier Home of Prof, and Mrs. Gordon Home of Judge and Mrs. Wade Home of Prof, and Mrs. Weld Hall of Liberal Arts (Public) Home of Mrs. Home of Home of Home of Home of Home of Prof, and E.A. Wilcox Prof, and Mrs. Hayes Mr. and Mrs. Person Prof, and Mrs. Loos Dean and Miss Gregory Prof, and Mrs. Bolton Home of Prof, and Mrs. Sh&mbaugh Home of Prof, and Mrs. Seashore Home of Pres. and Mrs. MacLean Prof. Arthur Fairbanks Prof. F. E. Bolton Pres. Geo. E. MacLean Judge Emlin McClain Dr. Graham Taylor of Chicago Prof. I. A. Loos Prof. W. C. Wilcox Prof. B. F. Shambaugh Prof. Barry Gilbert Judge H. M. Towner Dr. L. H. Haney Dr. F. E. Horack Prof. H. G. Plum Mr. M. L. Person Religion in the Greek Middle Ages Heredity Can there be aCoOrdination of the Examining, Certificate and Accrediting (including school inspection) System for Admission to College looking toward a Common or National Administration in the Interests of Students, Colleges, and the Preserva- tion of Standards Wm. G. Hammond The Social Tendencies of Modem Industry The Premise8,Logical Method and Problems of Sociology The Progressive Collapse of Napoleon m The Story of the Lucas Papers The Relation Between the Common Law and Morality The Drift Toward Socialism The Relation of the Railway to Society and Government during the First Half of the 19th Century A History of the Political Science Club Leopold von Ranke and his Interpretation of History The Chicago Board of Trade Frank Edward Horaok The State Univbrsity of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa * Last meeting of the year 1906-1906. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE IOWA TERRITORIAL DOCUMENTS The following bibliography contains the titles of the pub- lications issued by Iowa during the Territorial period which extended from 1838 to 1846. These publications, as will readily be seen, are in the main legislative documents. The legislative branch of the Territorial government realized that the new commonwealth to be^needed laws which were passed in plenty and placed on the pages of the occasional codes or annual volumes of session laws, while at the same time the minutes of their deliberations were amply spread upon the pages of the JournaU of the two houses. The energies of the executive departments seem not to have been expended in the art of composing reports. Such reports as the execu- tive departments made to the legislature were usually brief and found their way into the body of the Joumah as a part of the deliberations of the law-making body. The judicial branch of the government necessarily moved slowly as it was compelled to await the appearance of causes on its cal- endar. Its business while important was necessarily limit- ed, and but few publications emanated from this source. The publications of the Constitutional Conventions form an interesting and important class by themselves. On looking over the pages of the Joumah of both houses one is impressed with the liberality of the legislature in or- dering reports and documents printed. Just what an order to print really meant is not exactly apparent in many cases. V THE IOWA TERRITORIAL DOCUMENTS 235 Many commnnications, reports of committees or of officers were ordered printed; and frequently the number of copies was stated so as to indicate that the documents were for pe- rusal at leisure by the legislators. The Governor's messages were ordered printed in comparatively large editions; and yet not one copy is now known to be preserved where it would naturally be expected. The holocaust of these minor publications is appalling to the ambitious collector. How- ever, it is doubtful if any important or interesting history has been lost where the original legislative Jowmah have been preserved because of the prevailing habit of including in the Jowmals the various reports and communications sub- mitted. This practice doubtless led the officials to discard the minor prints whenever they were included in the more important ones. On the other hand an order to print in many cases may have meant nothing more than to include in the Journal when it was issued, or at best this may have been all that was accomplished. A perusal of this bibUography will give to the craftsman many hints of the character of the productions of the pro- vincial press. It will readily be seen that the capacity of the print shop was very limited and but a few pages could be issued at a time. An examination of the publications them- selves shows the primitive methods employed. The editing is limited to essentials. The handicraft is such as to give re- sults only in quantity and frequently shows the practice of subterfuges, and it is apparent that the folios were arranged and the volumes as a whole stitched by hand and a folder of thick colored paper with an imprinted title used as a cover. Such volumes unless garnered by the appreciative would 236 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS naturally invite early destraction, as subsequent volumes usurped their place in practical affairs. As it is, but few copies of any of the Territorial publications are known to exist, and in some cases the actual number is one. In making up this bibliogittphy all available material in public depositories or in private hands has been examined. No items have knowingly been omitted. At the end of the bibliography is given a list of the references to public docu- ments found in the Journals. It is to be hoped that this list may facilitate the discovery of heretofore unknown material. T. J. FiTZPATBICK The State Historical Societt of Iowa Iowa City COUNCIL JOURNALS Journal | of | the council | of the | first legislative assembly | of the | territory of Iowa, | begun and held at the city of Burlington, on the twelfth day of Novem- 1 ber, one thousand eight hundred and thirty- eight. I I Du Buque: | Russell & Beeves, printers. | | 1889. 1 Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-226. Collation: [title, p. 1, page 2 blank]; journal of the council of the legislatiye assembly of Iowa Territory, pp. [8]-217; page [218] blank; index, pp. [219]-226. In the body of the work may be found the following communications: [message of Grovemor Robert Lucas], pp. 4-15; standing rules, pp. 16-20; [speech of Jesse B. Browne accepting the presidency of the council], p. 21; [communication from Wm. B. Conway], p. 28; [resignation of Andrew F. Russell], p. 24; joint rules of both houses, pp. 26-27; [resignation of SamU. C. Reed], p. 29; [communication from Wm. B. Conway], pp. 80-81; [communication from Wm. B. Conway on the expenditure of public money], pp. 82-86; [communication of Robert Lucas on public expenditures], pp. 86-88; [report of committee on military affairs], pp. 88-89; [communication of Wm. B. Conway transmitting publications], pp. 48-44; [communication from Wm. B. Conway transmitting the seal], p. 46; [memorial to congress on a university], p. 46; [communication from James O. Edwards], pp. 48-49; [communication from Wm. B. Conway on seals], p. 61; [communication THE IOWA TERRITORIAL DOCUMENTS 237 from Charles Mason on a code of jurisprudence], p. 61; [memorial to congress on a university], pp. 64-66; [communication from James 6. Edwards transmitting laws], p. 04; [communication from L. Judson on the transmission of maps of the Territory of Iowa], p. 68; [report of the committee appointed to investigate the affairs of the Miners^ Bank of Du fiuque], pp. 06-08; [veto of an act regulating the intercourse between the legislative and executive departments of the territory of Iowa], p. 110; [communication from Wm. B. Conway on withdrawal of papers], p. 117; [veto of Robert Lucas of an act to incorporate the city of Du Buque], pp. 160-162; [report of the committee on territorial affairs concerning relations with the executive], pp. 100-103; [veto of Robert Lucas of an act to authorize the leg- islative assembly to punish for contempt and to privilege its members from ar- rest], pp. 214-216. Journal | of | the conncil | of the | second legislative assembly | of the territory of Iowa, | Began and held at the City of Burlington, on the Fourth day of No- 1 vember, one thousand eight hundred and thirty- nine. I 1 Burlington: | James G. Edwards, printer. | 1 18S0. [1840] I Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-221. Note error in date. Collation: [title p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the council of the legislative assembly of Iowa Territory, pp. [3]-188; appendix, [A] Grovemor^s message, pp. [180]-202; report of the judiciary committee of the council on so much of the gov- ernor's message as relates to the election of delegate to congress and county re- corder, Mr. Parker, chairman, pp. 20S-204; order of daily business in the council, p. 204; standing rules, pp. 206-200; joint rules of both houses, pp. 200-210; corre- spondence relative to seals, pp. 210-214; index, pp. [216]-221. In the body of the journal may be found: [remarks of Stephen Hempstead on accepting the presidency of the council], pp. 11-12; [letter of W. W. Chapman on resolutions and memorials], p. 14; [report of the directors of the penitentiary], pp. 16-10; [letter of R. C. Tilghman on highway from Du Buque to Missouri], p. 20; [letter of Robert Lucas], p. 48; [communication from Charles Weston accept- ing the position of fiscal agent for the territory], pp. 67-68; [letter of Robert Lu- cas], p. 66; [letter of Robert Lucas], p. 08; [communication from James Clarke on public funds], pp. 101-102; [leUer of Robert Lucas], pp. 108-104, and also p. 118, p. 186, p. 162, p. 170, pp. 178-170, and p. 186; [remarks of Stephen Hempstead], pp. 186-188. Journal of the council. | 1 Wednesday morning, July 29, 1840. | Pamphlet, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1], 2-7. Page [8] blank. Text follows the sub-title. This is evidently a copy of the daily journal issued by the council and is the only copy of the file known to the writer. The journal of the special session of the council as well as the house for 1840 have heretofore supposed not to have been printed until issued in 1002 by the Historical Department of Iowa. In all probability the entire journals were published. A confirmation of this view may be found in Council Journal, third legislative assembly, page 0, where the 238 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Sooretary of the Territory is requested to furnish each member of the coudcII with a copy of the Journal of the Council of the first, second, and third sessions. The third session here could refer only to the second extra session. Journal | of the | council | of the | Second Legislative Assembly | of the I territory of Iowa. | At the Special Session which Convened at the City | of Burlington, July 18, 1840. | | published by the | his- torical department of Iowa. 1 1902. Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i~iii], iv->v, [1], 2-114. Although not a ter- ritorial publication the above title is given a place for the reason that the volume covers a period for which it has been supposed there was no official publication. The House Journal for the same period is bound with this volume. Journal | of | the council | of the | third legislative assembly | of the territory of Iowa, | Begun and held at the City of Burlington^ on the Second day of Novem- \ her^ one thoitsand eight hundred and forty. I 1 Bloomington: | Russell A Hughes, printers. | 1 1841. | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4>288. The above is the inner title. The cover title reads: Journal of the council | of the | third legislative assembly | of the | territory of Iowa, I begun and held at the city of Burlington, on the | second day of November, one thousand | eight hundred and forty. | 1 Bloomington: | Russell & Hughes, printers. | 1 1841. | Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the council of the legislative asembly of Iowa Territory, pp. [3]-208; appendix, pp. [209]-261; [A] report of the joint committee of the council and house of representatives, appointed to ex- amine into the condition of the Iowa penitentiary, pp. [209]-212; [B] report of the majority of the joint committee of the council and house of representatives, appointed to examine into the condition of the public buildings at Iowa City, pp. 212-233; [C] report of the minority of the joint committee of the council and house of representatives, appointed to examine into the condition of the public buildings at Iowa City, pp. 234-241; report of the director of the Iowa peniten- tiary, at Fort Madison, pp. 241-244; order of daily business in the council, p. 246; standing rules, pp. 245-249; joint rules of both houses, pp. 250-261; page [262] blank; index, pp. 253-203. In the body of the work are the following communications: [remarks of M. Bainbridge on accepting the presidency of the council], pp. 4-6; [annual message of Robert Lucas], pp. 10-15; [annual report of the librarian, M. Reno], p. 18; [annual report of the acting commissioner on public buildings, C. Swan], pp. 18 -22; [report of the committee on territorial library], pp. 46-47; [report of the committee on public buildings], pp. 52-53; [report of the conunittee on public buildings], pp. 61-64; [report of select committee on the office of superintendent THE IOWA TERRITORIAL DOCUMENTS 239 of public instruction], p. 66; [report of the committee on public buildings], p. 60; [report of minority committee on vice and immorality], pp. 84-85; [protest of J. W. Parker], p. 86; [explanation of Ed. Johnston], p. 87; [report of select commit- tee on mineral lands], pp. 118-110; [valedictory address of President M. Bain- bridge], p. 208. Journal | of | the council | of the | fourth legislative assembly | of the territory of Iowa, | begun and held at Iowa City, on the sixth day of December, | one thousand eight hundred and forty-one | 1 Bloom- ington: | Jno. 6. Russell, printer. | | 1842. | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-308. Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the council of the legislative as- sembly of Iowa Territory, pp. [3]-254; appendix, report of the territorial agent to the legislature of Iowa Territory, pp. [255] -258; page [250] blank; an abstract of sales of lots in Iowa City, made by the former acting commissioner on public buildings; showing to whom sold, the amount received on each lot by the acting commissioner, and the amount of principal and interest received on the same by the territorial agent, together with the amounts yet due on each lot; also, show- ing the date at which the last payment on the lots becomes due, pp. 260-266; page [267] blank; list of lots sold in Iowa City by the territorial agent, showing the minimum price and the price for which each lot was sold; the date and number of lots; the amount received and the amount yet due on the respective lots; also, the date at which the several notes become due, pp. 268-260; report of the super- intendent of public buildings at Iowa City, pp. 270-271; report of the director of the penitentiary, pp. 272-274; report of the superintendent of the penitentiary, pp. 274-278; report of the superintendent of public instruction, pp. 278-188 [288]; report of the warden of the penitentiary, pp. 280-201; report of the committee on common schools, pp. 201-203; report of the select committee to whom was refer- red a bill regulating grocery license, pp. 204-205; order of daily business in the council, p. 206; standing rules, pp. 206-300; joint rules of both houses, pp. 300- 301; page [302] blank; index, pp. [303]-308. In the body of the journal the following may be found: [remarks of J. W. Parker on accepting the presidency of the council], pp. 5-6; [annual message of John Chambers], pp. 10-15; [message of John Chambers on the subject of title deeds to lots in Iowa City], pp. 20-21; [report of O. H. W. Stull on the debts of the territory], pp. 88-80; [report of the committee on the judiciary], p. 00; state- ment of the affairs of the Miners' Bank of Dubuque, Jan. 1, 1842, by T. O. Martin, cashier, p. 137; [report of committee on territorial affairs concerning charges against Chauncy Swan], pp. 215-216. Journal | of | the council | of the | fifth legislative assembly | of the territory of Iowa, | begun and held at Iowa City, on ]tf onday the fifth day I of December, one thousand eight hundred and forty-two. | Davenport: | Alfred Sanders, printer. | :::::::::: | 1848. | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-^], 4-235. 240 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the council of the legislative amembly of Iowa Territory, pp. [3]-186; appendix, rules of the council, pp. [186] -190; joint rules of both houses, pp. 190-101; report of the territorial agent, pp. 192-194; correspondence [of territorial agent], pp. 195-196; application of the citizens of Iowa City, for lot No. 10, p. 196; report of the superintendent of public buildings, pp. 197-198; report of the director of Iowa penitentiary, pp. 198-200; report of the warden of the Iowa penitentiary, pp. 200-208; [exhibits, accounts, inventory of property of the penitentiary, etc.], pp. 208-212; librarian's report, p. 218; treasurer's report, p. 214; report of the superintendent of public buildings, made in compliance with a resolution of the legislative council, requesting him to furnish a detailed estimate of the amount necessary to complete the capitol, pp. 214-217; report of the committee on the judiciary, p. 217; report on the sub- ject repealing the charter of the Miners' Bank of Dubuque, made to the council on the 16th day of February, 1848, by Mr. Springer, chairman of the conmiittee on the judiciary, pp. 218-222; opinion of General Wilson [on the vested rights of the Miners' Bank of Dubuque], pp. 228-224; pages 225-226 never issued; index, pp. [227]-285. The following appear in the body of the journal: [annual message of Govern- or John Chambers], pp. 8-12; [communication from Jos. T. Fales], p. 17; [invita- tion from Silas Foster], p. 18; [veto of a memorial in regard to the Sac and Fox Indians by Governor John Chambers], pp. 49-50; [valedictory of President John D. Elbert], pp. 184-185. Journal | of the | legislative council, | of the | fifth [sixth] general as- sembly I of the I territory of Iowa, | began and held at Iowa City on ]tf onday, the fourth day of December, | one thousand eight hundred and forty-three. | 1 Burlington: | printed by James O. Edwards. 1844. I Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-206. Note error in title. Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the council of the legislative assembly of Iowa Territory, pp. [3]-222; appendix, rules of the council, pp. [228 -227; joint rules of both houses, pp. 227-229; auditor^s report, pp. [230]-242; in- dex, pp. [248]-266. In the body of the journal are the following communications: [letter of S. C. Trowbridge, postmaster at Iowa City], p. 6; [annual message of Governor John Chambers], pp. 6-10; [report of Edwin Guthrie, warden of the penitentiary], pp. 18-20; [report of John M. Colman, territorial agent], pp. 24-27; [report of M. Reno, territorial treasurer], pp. 32-89; [report of John W. Coleman, territorial agent on the tools on hand], pp. 40-41; [report of coounittee on territorial affairs on a memorial to congress on a constitution and state government], pp. 46-47; [report of select committee on land for the endowment of a university], pp. 128- 129; [valedictory address of the President, Thomas Cox], pp. 221-222. Journal | of the | council | of the | seventh legislative assembly | of the I territory of Iowa, | begun and held at Iowa City on lif onday the THE IOWA TERRITORIAL DOCUMENTS 241 fifth day of | May, A. D. one thoasand eight hundred and forty-five, I 1 Iowa City: | Williams A Palmer, printers. | 1 1845. | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-281. The above is the inner title. The cover title reads: Journal | of the | council | of the | seventh legislative assembly | of the | territory of Iowa, I begun and held at Iowa City on Monday the fifth | day of May, A. D. one thousand eight hundred | and forty-five. | 1 Iowa City: | Williams & Palmer, printers. | ......... 1 1846. | Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the council of the legislative assembly of the Territory of Iowa, pp. [8]-179; p. [180] blank; appendix, pp. [181] -228; rules of the council, pp. [181]-186; standing committees, p. 186; joint rules of both houses, pp. 186-188; report of the territorial agent, pp. 188-190; report of the warden of the Iowa penitentiary, pp. 190-196; report of the territorial treas- urer, pp. 196-204; report of the auditor of public accounts, pp. 205-217; report of Mr. Hempstead, chairman of the committee on incorporations, pp. 217-221; re- port of Mr. Shelby, chairman of the committee on military affairs, made to the council on the 18th day of May, A. D. 1846, pp. 222-228; page [224] blank; index, pp. [226]-281. In the body of the journal may be found the following: report [of the com- mittee on elections with reference to James Brierly vs. William Patterson], pp. 8 -9; [remarks of S. C. Hastings on accepting the presidency of the council], p. 10; [annual message of Governor John Chambers], pp. 18-18; [letter of Qovemor John Chambers to John C. Edwards, Governor of Missouri], pp. 19-20; [remarks of P. B. Bradley on the death of James Leonard], p. 67; [resolutions on the death of Jan.es Leonard], p. 68; [report of the committee of the judiciary on the estate of David Duke], pp. 182-183; [veto message of Governor John Chambers on an act to submit a constitution], pp. 140-144; [veto message of Governor John Chambers on an act to adjudicate titles to the Half Breed tract in Lee county], p. 170; [vale- dictory address of the president, S. C. Hastings], pp. 178-179. Journal | of the | council | of the | eighth legislative assembly | of the territory of Iowa, | begun and held at Iowa City, on the first lif onday of December, | one thousand eight hundred and forty-five. | 1 Dubuque: | printed by George Greene. | :::::::::::::::: 1 1846. | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-282. The above is the inner title, the cover title is identical save there are fifteen colons preceding the last line while there are sixteen in the corresponding place on the inner title, also a period is placed at the end of the seventh line. Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the council of the legislative assembly of the Territory of Iowa, pp. [8]-282; appendix, rules of the council, pp. 288-288; standing committees, pp. 288-289; joint rules of both houses, pp. 289- 241; report from the committee on the judiciary, 241-249; communication [from Jesse Williams relative to legislative expenses of the last session unpaid, &o.], pp. 249-260; report [of state auditor], pp. 260-254; report of the territorial treas- 242 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS urer, [report on indebtedness], pp. 255-266; [annual] report of the territorial treas- urer, pp. 257-262; memorial in regard to the reserved mineral lands, drawn up by the Hon. D. S. Wilson, of Dubuque county, and passed the Iowa L^islature on the 17th Dec., pp. 262-266; index, pp. [267]-282. The following occur in the journal: [address of Stephen Hempstead on accept- ing the presidency of the council], pp. 6-7; [annual message of Governor James Clarke], pp. 11-18; [remarks of Laurel Summers on the death of Samuel R. Mur- i*7]f PP- 26-27; [report of committee to examine into the affairs of the Iowa penitentiary], pp. 47-57; [report of Jesse Williams, secretary of Iowa, in regard to congressional appropriations], pp. 97-110; [remarks of Henry M. Shelby on the death of Joseph M. Robertson], p. Ill; [message of Governor James Clarke on the disputed boundary line between Iowa and Missouri], pp. 156-158; [valedictory ad- dress of President Stephen Hempstead], p. 232. HOUSE JOURNALS Journal | of the | house of representatives | of the | first legislative as- semhly | of the | Territory of Iowa, | begun and held at the city of Burlington, on the twelfth day of | November, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight. |?::^| Burlington: | Clarke A lif 'Kenny, printers. | 1 1888. [1889] | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-814. Note error in date. Ck>llation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the house of representatives of the first legislative assembly of Iowa Territory, pp. [8]-298; appendix, document- no. 1, rules for the government of the house of representatives of the Territory of Iowa, pp. 208-297; document-no. 2, joint rules of both houses, pp. 297-296; docu- ment-no. 8, [report of select committee on contested election of Jabez A. Burchaxd, Jr. vs. Samuel R. Murray], pp. 298-800; document-no. 4, [report of minority com- mittee on Burchard vs. Murray], pp. 800-801; document-no. 6, [report of the com- mittee on the] Miners' Bank of Du Buque, pp. 801-808; page [804] blank; index, pp. 805-814. In the body of the journal occur the following communications: [message of Governor Robert Lucas], pp. 4-14; [remarks of William H. Wallace on accepting the speakership of the house], p. 16; [communication fromWm. B. Conway, secre- tary of the Territory], p. 19; [communication from Wm. B. Conway on a proposed expenditure of public money], pp. 26-28; [Gonway^s communications on maps, badge of mourning], p. 80; [communication l^ Charles Mason], p. 81; [communi- cation by Conway concerning copies of the acts of the Michigan legislature], p. 87; [memorial to congress on the removal of the Sacs and Foxes], p. 89; [memorial to congress concerning the appointment of sherifb and justices of the peace], p. 66; [memorial to congress praying for an appropriation of land for the erection of a penitentiary], pp. 60-67; [a memorial to congress on the subject of granting to miners the right of pre-emption to mineral lots], pp. 61-68; [a memorial to con- gress on the subject of making an appropriation for the survey and improvement of the Wabesipinecon, Maquoketa, Turkey, and Skunk riven, and the Musquetine THE IOWA TERRITORIAL DOCUMENTS 248 slough], pp. 68-65; [report of the committee on expend! tores], pp. 70-71; [com- munication from Conway on expenditures], pp. 79-81 ; [letter of Conway to Lucas], p. 82; [letter of Lucas to Conway], pp. 82-88; report [of majority committee on the Conway conmiuni cations], pp. 8&-86; [minority committee report], pp. 86-88; [memorial to postmaster general], p. 92; [communications from Conway], p. 105; p. 110; [communication of Conway stating his position with reference to the dis> bursement of funds], pp. 118-117; [memorial to congress concerning the settlers on the 16th section of public lands], p. 119; [memorial to congress on the subject of a railroad from Fort Madison to the Des Moines river], pp. 180-181; [memorial to congress objecting to the absolute veto power of the governor], p. 148; [memorial to congress for money to defray expenses of a survey of a railroad leading west- ward from the town of Rockingham], pp. 146-147; [veto message by Robert Lucas], pp. 150-151; [proposed memorial to congress to survey Skunk river], pp. 158-154; [veto message by Robert Lucas], p. 154; [veto message of Robert Lucas], pp. 181- 182; [report of the committee on vetoes], pp. 188-187; [memorial to congress on the subject of school lands], p. 209; [memorial to congress on the subject of grant- ing school lands in the Lee County], p. 215; [communication of Wm. B. Conway on the acts, resolutions, and memorials approved by Robert Lucas], pp. 219-228; [communication from Robert Lucas on the location of the capital of the Terri- tory], pp. 284-285; [proposed memorial to congress praying for the establishment of a post route from the Mississippi river by way of Mt Pleasant to the county seat of Jefferson County], p. 286; [communication of Wm. B. Conway concerning the disbursement of public funds], p. 287; [communication of Wm. B. Conway with correspondence over variances with Robert Lucas], pp. 241-246; [memorial to congress requesting the removal of Robert Lucas], pp. 257-259; [communication of Robert Lucas concerning appointments], p. 265; [veto message of Robert Lucas on the compensation of sherifb], p. 272; [communication from Conway relative to procuring stationery for the use of the legislature], pp. 279-282; [communication from Conway requesting duplicate copies of resolutions], p. 282; [valedictory of William A. Wallace, speaker of the house], pp. 291-292. Journal | of the { house of representatiyes | of the | second legislative assembly | of the | Territoiy of Iowa, | begun and held at the city of Burlington, in the county of Des | Moines, on the fourth day of No- vember, one thou- 1 sand eight hundred and thirty-nine. | 1 Burling- ton: I printed by J. Gardiner Edwards. | | 1840. | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4>286. Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the house of representatives of the second legislative assembly of the Territory of Iowa, pp. [3]-244; appendix, no. 1, memorial to congress on the subject of post roads in Iowa, pp. [246]-246; no. 2 preamble and joint resolutions relative to the unsurveyed lands, pp. 246- 247; no. 8, memorial to the honorable the senate and house of representatives of the United States in congress assembled [on the improvement of the Iowa and Cedar rivers], p. 247; no. 4, memorial to the honorable the senate and house of representatives of the Congress of the United States [on the improvement of the 244 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Skunk river], p. S48; no. 6, memorial for a donation of land for literary purpoaes, pp. 248-240; no. 6, memorial to congreas for establishing another land district in this territory, pp. 240-260; no. 7, memorial to the oongress of the United States on the subject of amending the organic law of the Territory of Iowa, p. 260; no. 8, [memorial for a road from Burlington to Indian Agency], p. 261; no. 0^ a preamble and resolutions to the congress of the United States asking for an ap- propriation for the improvement of a territorial road on the Des Moines river, pp. 261-262; no. 10, memorial to congress for the improvement ol the roads there- in mentioned, pp. 262-268; no. 11, a memorial to the President of the United States in relation to the Sioux half breed reservation on Lake Pepin, p. 268; no. 12, memorial for the survey of the harbor at the town of Du Buqne, pp. 264-266; no. 13, joint resolution, requesting our delegate in congress to urge the passage of a law for a post road, p. 266; no. 14, memorial to congress for an appropriation for a road opposite Burlington in the Mississippi bottom, p. 266; no. 16, memorial to congress on the subject of a turnpike road from the city ol Burlington via Mount Pleasant to Fairfield, p. 267; no. 16, joint resolution on the subject of post offices, &c., pp. 267-268; no. 17, memorial for the speedy settlement of the Du Buque land claim, p. 268; no. 18, a memorial to congress for an appropriation to remove obstructions on the Bapids of the Mississippi, pp. 260-260; no. 10, a reso- lution requesting our delegate in Congress to use his exertions to procure addition- al mail facilities on the route leading from Davenport to Du Buque, p. 261; no. 20, preamble and resolution for the benefit of the former sherifb, p. 261; no. 21, memorial to congress for an appropriation to improve roads from Iowa City to Prairie Du Chien and from Du Buque to the county seat of Delaware county, pp. 261-262; no. 22, memorial to congress for an appropriation for a road from Keo- kuk via West Point to Mount Pleasant, pp. 262-268; no. 28, joint resolution rela- tive to a post route, p. 268; no. 24, resolution relative to an appropriation to de- fray the expenses of the extra session of the legislative assembly, p. 268; no. 26, memorial to the Hon. Amos Kendall, post master general of the United States, pp. 268-264; rules for the government of the house of representatives, pp. [266]- 270; joint rules of both houses, pp. 270-271; page [272] blank; index, pp. [278]- 286. In the body of the journal are the following conununications: [remarks of Ed- ward Johnson on accepting the speakership of the house], p. 4; [annual message of Governor Robert Lucas], pp. 0-22; [veto message], pp. 26-26; [report of Mr. Biggs, from a committee on the improvement of Des Moines river], pp. 84-86; [report from the select committee on the subject of the printing of the laws of the first legislative assembly], pp. 46-48; [report of the committee of the judici- ary in regard to what laws in the Michigan and Wisconsin statutes are in force in the Territory], pp. 61-62; [report of the committee on territorial affairs], pp. 66-68; [communication of C. Swan on the subject of the location of the seat of goverument], pp. 00-04; [communication by Charles Weston relative to the papers on file in the secretary's office relative to the locating of the seat of government], p. 06; [approval by Kobert Lucas], p. 106; [Robert Lucas on the difficulty between Iowa and Missouri], pp. 110-111; [approval by Robert Lucas], p. 118; [veto by Robert Lucas of public printer bill], p. 117; [report of the acting commissioner for the erection of public buildings at Iowa City], pp. 121-126; [approval by Rob- ert Lucas], p. 128; p. 181; [communication by Robert Lucas], p. 182; [veto by THE IOWA TERRITORIAL DOCUMENTS 245 Robert Lucas], pp. 182-188; [approval by Robert Lucas], p. 148; [report of the committee on corporations on the subject of Geo. W. Jones praying for a ferry charter], pp. 161-162; [report of the committee on corporations on the subject of the memorial of the trustees of the town of Du Buque praying for the repeal of the charter granting Timothy Fanning to keep a ferry], p. 168; [acknowledgment by Robert Lucas of the receipt of certain acts and resolutions], p. 162; p. 166; [report of committee on Territorial affairs on the subject of the expenses of the Territory], p. 160; [acknowledgment of receipt of certain acts by Robert Lucas], pp. 177-178, pp. 188-184; p. 190; p. 200; pp. 202-208; p. 206; p. 216; p. 210; p. 282; p. 286; and p. 242; and a joint resolution, p. 76; [valedictory of the Speaker, Edward Johnson], pp. 248-244. Journal | of the | house of representatives [ of the | Second Legislative Assembly | of the | territory of Iowa. | At the Special Session which convened at the City | of Burlington, July 18, 1840. | | published by the | historical department of Iowa. 1 1902. | Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-ii], iii, [iv], [1], 2-116. Not a territorial publication but it covers a period for which the official publication seems lack- ing. The Council Journal for the same period is bound with this volume. Journal | of the | house of representatives | of the | third legislative assembly | of the | territory of Iowa, | begun and held at the city of Burlington, on ]tf onday the second day of No- 1 vember, one thousand eight hundred and forty. | 1 Dubuque: | Wm. W. Coriell, Printer. 1841. I Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-880. The above is the inner title. The cover title reads: Journal | of the | house of representatives | of the | third legislative assembly | of the I territory of Iowa, | begun and held at the city of Burlington, on Monday the second day of | November, one thousand eight hundred and forty. | 1 Du- buque: |Wm. W. Coriell, printer. | 1 1841. | Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the house of representatives of the Iowa legislature, pp. [8]-296; appendix, a memorial to congress for an appro- priation to improve and continue the military road from Dubuque to the Missouri line, pp. [297]-298; a memorial to congress to amend the oiganic law of the Terri- tory of Iowa, pp. 298; a memorial to congress for an appropriation to continue the construction of the Agency road, p. 290; a memorial to congress for an appro- priation to improve the territorial road from the city of Burlington to the town of Fairfield in the county of Jefferson, p. 800; a memorial asking for an addition- al land district, pp. 800-801; a memorial to the senate and house of representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled [asking a change in the location of the military road leading from Dubuque to the southern boundary of Iowa, pp. 801-^02; a memorial to congress for the benefit of Jeremiah Smith, Jr.^ 246 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS pp. 802-303; a memorial to congress on the subject of post roads, pp. 808-304; a memorial to the honorable John M. Niles, post-master general, pp. 804-306; a memorial for an appropriation to improve the rapids of the Mississippi river, pp. 306-807; a joint resolution requesting our delegate in congress to use his influ- ence to have the office of Qovemor made elective by the people, p. 308; preamble and resolution asking our delegate in congress to use his influence to obtain an appropriation to erect a bridge across Big Cedar Creek in Jefferson county, p. 308; rules of the house of representatives, pp. [809}-316; census of Iowa, pp. 816- 317; page [318] blank; index, pp. [810]-330. In the body of the journal are the following communications: [message of Gov- ernor Robert Lucas], pp. ^14; [annual report of the acting commissioner of pub- lic buildings at Iowa City by C. Swan], pp. 18-22; [report of the committee on expenditures], p. 24; [communication from James G. Edwards], pp. 24-26; [report of the auditor of public accounts], pp. 26-33; [report of the secretary of the Terri- tory], pp. 44-47; [report of the committee on the judiciary], pp. 62-63; [report of the committee on public buildings], p. 80; [report of the committee on corpora- tions], p. 88; [report of the conmiittee on flnances], pp. 107-108; [report of the committee on incorporations on the subject of establishment of a seminary of learning at Columbus City], pp. 136-137; [report of the select committee on the militia law], pp. 188-139; [report of select committee to visit the penitentiaiy], pp. 167-160; [report of the standing committee on expenditures on the subject of the claim of T. S. Parvin for services], pp. 162-163; [report of select committee appointed to examine the recorded journals of the house], p. 177; [report of the committee on the judiciary], p. 182; [report of the majority joint committee ap- pointed to visit and examine the public buildings at lowaCi^], pp. 190-211; [re- port of the minority joint committee appointed to visit and examine the pubUo buildings at Iowa City], pp. 211-218; [report of select committee on the subject of certain citizens of Clinton county praying for the passage of a law to allow said county to elect a member to the house of representatives], p. 220; [report of the conmiittee on territorial affairs], p. 228; pp. 237-238; [report of select com- mittee on the boundary line between Henry and Desmoines counties], p. 946; [report of select committee on petitions praying for privilege to build duns across Skunk river], p. 262; [report of committee on enrolled bills], pp. 294-296; [vale- dictory of the speaker pro tempore], p. 296. Journal | of the | house of representatives | of the | fourth legislative assembly | of the | territory of Iowa. | begun and held at Iowa City, on lif onday the sixth day of December, | one thousand eight hundred and forty-one. | 1 Dubuque: | Wilson A Eeesecker, printers. | :::::::::::::::: 1 1842. | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-294. Collation: [title, p. 1, page 2 blank]; journal of the house of representatives of the Iowa legislature, pp. [3]-284; index, p. [286]-294. In the body of the journal occur: [message of John Chambers with appendix], pp. 11-16; [communication from the governor on the subject of the sale of lots la THE IOWA TERRITORIAL DOCUMENTS 247 Iowa City], pp. 21-28; [veto of gOTemor relative to carrying the mail from Iowa City to Keosauqua], p. 20; [report from the] office of territorial agent, pp. 35-88; page [80] blank; an abstract of salee of lots in Iowa City, made by the former act- ing commissioner on public buildings; showing to whom sold, the amount received on each lot by the acting commissioner, and the amount of principal and interest received on the same by the territorial agent, together with the amounts yet due on each lot: also, showing the date at which the last payment on the lots became due, pp. 40-40; list of lots sold in Iowa City by the territorial agent, shewing the minimum price, and the price for which each lot was sold; the date and number of lots; the amount received, and the amount yet due on the respective lots; also, the date at which the several notes became due, pp. 50-61; page [52] blank; [an- nual report of the superintendent of public buildings at Iowa City], pp. 58-54; [report from the committee on claims in the election contest of James K. Moss vs. Thomas Cox], p. 61; [report from committee on roads and highways], p. 75; [communication from Chauncey Swan, superintendent of public buildings], pp. 80-82; [communication from Jesse Williams from the] office of territorial agent, pp. 82-84; [report from the committee on claims on the subject of the bills for the printing of the session journals], pp. 08-100; [report from the committee on agriculture], p. 116; [report from the superintendent of the penitentiary], pp. 125-127; [report from the committee on public instruction], pp. 181-182; [report from the conmiitteeon agriculture], pp. 186-187; [report from the committee on military afitairs on the subject of exempting the Quakers from bearing arms], pp. 188-140; [report from the committee on the judiciary on the subject of regulat- ing weights and measures], p. 176; [report from the special committee on printing bills], pp. 186-180; [protest of James W. Morgan against the passage of a bill compelling the Miners^ Bank of Dubuque to resume specie payments], p. 101; [re- port from the committee on the judiciary on laws regulating blacks and mulat- toes], p. 224; [veto of Governor John Chambers upon an act appointing an acting commissioner at Iowa City], p. 281; [report from the select committee on public printing], pp. 284-287; [report from the committee on military affairs on the subject of proposed militia laws], pp. 248-244; [report from the committee on enrollments], pp. 282-288. Journal | of the { house of representatives, | of the | fifth legislative assembly | of the | territory of Iowa, | begun and held at Iowa City, on the first IVlonday of Decern- 1 ber, one thousand eight hundred and forty-two. I 1 Iowa City: | printed by William Cram. | . 1843. I Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-388. Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the house of representatives of the Territory of Iowa, pp. [8]-888; index, pp. [830]-388. In the body of the journal are the following communications or reports: [re- marks of James M. Morgan on accepting the speakership of the house], p. 0; mes- sage from the governor, pp. 12-16; [communication from the clerk, B. F. Wallace], pp. 17-18; [communication from O. H. W. Stull, secretary of Iowa Territory], p. 28; report of the territorial agent, pp. 27-81; application to enter outlet no. 10 248 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS for a barial ground, p. 31; report of the superintendent of public buildings, pp. 81-33; [report of the committee on claims on the claim of Wilson & Keesecker], pp. 42-48; [communication of the territorial agent on the repudiation of the capitol script], pp. 66-68; [report of the committee on the judiciary], pp. 61-62; [communication from O. H. W. StuU, Secretary of the Territory], pp. 72-73; treasurer's report, pp. 73-76; [report of committee on capitol script], pp. 84-86; [report of committee on public printing], pp. 121-122; [communication from the auditor of public accounts], p. 131; [report of minority committee on the relief of Walter Butler], pp. 188-139; [report of the committee on the Miner's Bank of Dubuque], pp. 160-166; [minority report of committee on the Miner^s Bank of Dubuque], pp. 164-167; [statement of territorial agent of the amount of funds on hand to pay the capitol debt], p. 199; [v^Mrtol select committee with testimony on the charges of corruption made by Jesse Williams and Thomas Hughes, editors of the Iowa Capitol Reporter], pp. 209-221; [report of the minority oommittee on the corruption charges, etc.], pp. 226-226; [report of the judiciary committee re- garding rate of interest], pp. 262-264; [report of state auditor on condition of the account books of the office], pp. 296-297; [veto of the governor on private divorce bills], pp. 311-813; [valedictory of the speaker, James M. Moigan], p. 888. Journal | of the | house of representatives, | of the | sixth legislative assembly | of the | territory of Iowa. { begun and held at Iowa City on the first Mond&j of December, | one thousand eight hundred and forty- three. I 1 Dubuque: | printed by Wilson A Keesecker. | ::::::::::: | 1844. I ' Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-816. Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the house of representatives of the legislative assembly of the Territory of Iowa, pp. [3]-281; page [282] blank; appendix, pp. [288]-806; territorial agent's report, pp. [288]-286; auditor's re- port, pp. 280-297; abstract of the territorial treasurer's report of December 6th, 1843, p. 298; rules of the house of representatives, pp. [299]-304; joint rules of both houses, pp. 304-806; standing committees, pp. 806-306; index, pp. [807]-816. In the body of the journal there may be found: [remarks of James P. Carleton OD accepting the speakership of the house], pp. 6-6; [message of the governor], pp. 9-13; [report of the judiciary committee on certain petitions for divorce], pp. 41 -48; [report of Mr. Thompson on jurisdiction of justices of the peace], pp. 61-63; [report of Mr. Brophy on the charter of the Scott County Hydraulic Company] , pp. 69-62; [report of Mr. Rogers on the relief of Malcom Murray], pp. 101-102; [report of Mr. Rogers on a memorial to congress concerning the sale of public lands], pp. 127-128; [report of Mr. Robb on the indebtedness of the Territory], pp. 160-161; [report of Mr. Robb on the relief of George Andrews], pp. 181-182; [report of committee on the proposed division of Lee county], pp. 188-189; [re- port of the minority committee on the proposed division of Lee county], pp. 196 -197; [report of the committee on the Scott County Hydraulic Company], pp. 224-227 ; [report of Mr. Smith anent the division of Cedar, Linn, and Jones counties into two representative districts], pp. 242-248; [report of committee on township THE IOWA TERRITORIAL DOCUMENTS 249 and county boundarieB], p. 264; [report of committee on proposed legislation on the collection of debts], pp. 274-276; [valedictory of the speaker, James P. Carle- ton], pp. 280-281. Journal | of the | house of representatives, | of the | seventh legisla- tive assembly | of the | territory of Iowa, | begun and held at Iowa City on the first Monday of May, one | thousand eight hundred and forty-five. | 1 Fort Madison: | printed by R. Wilson Albright. | I ;... 1 1846. I Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-266. Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the house of representatives of the legislative assembly of the Territory of Iowa, pp. [3]-240; [appendix], pp. [241]-248; rules of the house of representatives, pp. [241]-246; joint rules of both houses, pp. 246-247; standing committees, pp. 247-248; index, pp. [240]-266. In the body of the journal the following communications are found: [remarks of James M. Morgan on accepting the speakership of the house], p. 6-6; [message from the governor], pp. 14-18; [communication from the governor with reference to the arrest of William P. Linder], pp. 18-20; [communication from S. J. Burr, secretary of Iowa Territory as to finances], pp. 24-26; [report of the warden of the penitentiary], pp. 27-33; treasurer's report, pp. 87-46; [report of] ofiBce of territorial agent, pp. 47-48; [report of the committee on claims], p. 66; report of the committees on territorial affairs, pp. 84-86; [eulogy by Wilson on the late James Leonard], pp. 08-100; [report of] auditor's office, pp. 102-114; [report of committee on the claim of William Green], p. 127; [report of committee of Ways and Means], pp. 143-144; [minority committee report on the relocation of the county seat of Lee county], p. 163; [protest against the submission of the proposed constitution to the people], pp. 166-170; veto of the governor on the bill to resub- mit the constitution to a vote of the people, pp. 204-207; [report of the committee on claims], pp. 210-220; [report of committee on the indebtedness of the Terri- tory], pp. 224-226; [report of the committee on claims], p. 230; [valedictory of the speaker, James M. Morgan], p. 240. Journal | of the | house of representatives, | of the | eighth legislative assembly | of the { territory of Iowa, { begun and held at Iowa City, on the first Monday of De- 1 oember, one thousand eight hundred and forty -live. | | Keosauqua: | printed by J. and J. M. Shepherd. 1846. Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-203. The above is the inner title. The cover title reads: Journal | of the | house of representatives | of the | eighth legislative assembly. | of the I territory of Iowa. | begun and held at Iowa City on the first Monday of De- I cember, one thousand eight hundred | and forty-five. | 1 Keosauqua: | printed by J. and J. M. Shepherd. | ::::::::: 1 1846. | 250 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; journal of the house of representatives of the legislative assembly of the Territory of Iowa, pp. [8]-287; page [288] blank; appendix, auditor^s report, pp. [280] -248; treasurer's report [on the indebtedness of the Territory], pp. 248-246; annual report [of the treasurer], pp. 245-260; com- munications [from Jesse Williams, secretary of Iowa Territory, et al], pp. [251]- 262; report of the warden of tha penitentary, pp. [268]-264; report of the commit- tee appointed to examine into the affairs of the penitentiary, pp. [265] -274; com- munication from the governor, pp. 274-276; rules of the house of representatives, pp. [277]-282; joint rules of both houses, pp. 288-284; index, pp. [285]-208. In the body of the journal occur the following reports: [message of the govern- or], pp. 10-16; [report of the judiciary committee on the governor's message], p. 25; [report of the committee on expenditures], pp. 27-28; [report of the committee on the judiciary], pp. 87-40; report [of the committee on the petition of Eli Dow for a divorce], p. 78; [report of the committee on claims], p. 88; [Mr. Morgan's eulogy on the late Mr. Robertson], pp. 89-90; [report of the auditor], pp. 190-191; [veto of the governor of the bill for the relief of Samuel C. Reed], pp. 225-226; also [remarks of George W. McCleary on accepting the speakership of the house], p. 5; [letter from S. C. Trowbridge], p. 60; report [of the committee on ways and means], pp. 99-100; [valedictory of the speaker, George W. McCleary], pp. 286- 287. LAWS The statute laws | of the | territory of Iowa, | enacted at the first session of the legislative assembly | of said territory, held at Burling- ton, A. D. 1 838-'39. | 1 published by authority. | 1 Du Buque; I Russell A Reeves, printers. | 1839. | Half sheep, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [i-ii, 1-^], 4-597, [598]. A blue book. Collation: [title, p. i]; certificate of Wm. B. Conway, Secretary of the Territory, p. [ii]; table of contents, pp. [1-2]; Declaration of Independence, pp. [8]-7; Con- stitution of the United States, pp. 8-28; an ordinance for the government of the territory of the United States, north-west of the river Ohio, pp. 24-81; an act to divide the Territory of Wisconsin, and to establish the Territorial Government of Iowa, pp. 81-40; laws of Iowa Territory, pp. [41]-514; resolutions, pp. [515]-519; p. [520] blank; appendix, naturalization of aliens, pp. [521]-522; articles of con- federation, pp. 522-580; general index to the statute laws of the Territory of Iowa, p. [581]-597; errata, pp. [598]. Laws I of the | territory of Iowa, | enacted at the session of the leg- islature commencing | on the first lldonday of November, A. D. 1839. published by authority. | | Burlington: | printed by J. H. lld'Kenny. 1 1840. Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-187. Collation: [title, p. 1; certificate, p. 2]; laws of Iowa, pp. [8]-145; page [146] THE IOWA TERRITORIAL DOCUMENTS 261 blank; resolutions, pp. [UTH^^; P^^ l^^^] blank; titles of acts, pp. [IQSyiei; page [168] blank; index, pp. [169]-187. Laws I of the | territory of Iowa, | passed at | the extra session | of the I legislative assembly, | begun and held in the city of Burlington on the first Monday | in July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight I hundred and forty. | | published by authority. | 1 Burl- ington: I printed by J. H. M'Kenny. | 1840. | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-3], 4--d3. Collation: [title, p. 1; certificate, p. 2], laws of Iowa, pp. [3]-52; joint resolu- tions, pp. [5S]-55; page [66] blank; index, pp. [57]-6d. Laws I of the | territory of Iowa, | enacted at the session of the leg- islature which commenced on | the first Monday of November, A. D., 1840. 1 I published by authority. | 1 Burlington: | printed by John H. M'Kenny. | 1 1840-'4l. | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-186. The cover title reads*. Laws I of the I territory of Iowa, | enacted at the session of the legislature which commenced on the first | Monday of November, A. D. eighteen hundred and forty. I 1 published by authority. | | Burlington: | printed by John H. M'Kenny. 1 184a-'41. 1 Collation: [title, p. 1; certificate, p. 2]; laws of Iowa, pp. [3]-112; joint resolu- tions, pp. [113]-116; page [116] blank; titles of acts, pp. [117]-121; page [122] blank; index, pp. [128]-186. Laws I of the | territory of Iowa, | enacted at the session of the leg- islature which commenced | on the first Monday of December, A. D., 1841. I I published by authority. | 1 Iowa City: | printed by Van Antwerp A Hughes. | 1 1841-'42. | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-160. The Gover title reads: Laws [ of the | territory of Iowa, | enacted at the session of the legislature which commenced on | the first Monday of December, A. D. 1841. | 1 published by authority. | 1 Iowa City: | printed by Van Antwerp & Hughes. | 1 1841- *42.| These laws are uncertified. Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; laws of Iowa, pp. [8]-121; page [122] blank; Joint resoiutions, pp. [128]-126; titles of acts, pp. [127}-182; index, pp. [188}-160. 252 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Local laws | of the | territory of Iowa, | enacted at the session of the legislature which com- { menced on the first Monday of December, 1848 [1842]. I 1 published by authority. | 1 Iowa City: | printed by Hughes A Williams. | 1 1843. | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [l~3]i 4-128. Note error in title. Collation: [title, p. 1; certificate, p. 2], laws of Iowa, pp. [3]-03; page [94] blank; joint resolutions, pp. [96]-90; page [100] blank; titles of acts, pp. [101]-107; page [108] blank; index, pp. [109]-128. Revised statutes | of the | territory of Iowa, | revised and compiled by a joint committee of the { legislature — session 1842-43, | and ar- ranged by I the secretary of the territory. | | published by author- ity. I I Iowa City: | printed by Hughes 148. The cover and inner titles are identical. Collation: [title, p. i; certificate, p. ii]; titles of acts, pp. [iii]-z; laws of Iowa, pp. [1]-124; joint resolutions, pp. [126]-186; page [180] blank; index, pp. [187]- 148. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS Constitution | for the | state of Iowa, | adopted in | conyftntion, Noy . 1, 1844. 1 1 Iowa City: | printed by Jesse Williams. | 1 1844. | Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1--8], 4-84. Collation: [title, p. 1; pa^ 2 blank], oonstltntion, pp. [8]-22; ordinance, p. 28- 24; memorial to the Senate and Honse of Representatives of the United States, p. 24. Journal | of the | conyention | for the | formation of a constitution I for the I state of Iowa, | begun and held at Iowa City, on the first Monday of Oc- 1 tober, eighteen hundred and forty-four. | 1 pub- lished by authority. | | Iowa City: | printed by Jesse Williams. | 1845. Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-^], 4-224. The cover and inner titles are identical. Collation: [title, p. I; page 2 blank]; journal of the convention, pp. [8]-211; constitation, pp. 187-206; ordinance, pp. 207-208; memorial to the Senate and Honse of Representatives of the United States, pp. 208-200; appendix, rules of the convention, pp. [212]-215; index, pp. [216]-224. Journal | of the | conyention | for the | formation of a constitution I for the I state of Iowa, | begun and held at Iowa City, on the first ]tf onday of May, | eighteen hundred and forty-six. | | Iowa City: I printed by Abraham H. Palmer | ::::::::: | 1846. | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-iii], iv-xxi, [xxii], [28]-120. The cover and inner titles are identical. Collation: [title, p. i; page ii blank]; the constitation, pp. [iii]-xxi; page [xxii] blank; joamal of the convention, pp. [28]-100; page [110] blank; appendix, rules of the convention, pp. [111]-113; page [114] blank; index, pp. [116]-120. Rules I for the | government | of the | conyention. | | Iowa City: I A. H. Palmer, printer. | ::::::::: | 1846. | Pamphlet, 16mo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-8. Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; rules, pp. [8]-8. THE IOWA TERRITORIAL DOCUMENTS 255 Constitntion | for the | state of Iowa, | adopted in convention, May 18, 1846. I 1 Iowa City: | printed by Abraham H. Palmer | ::::::::: 1846. Pamphlet, 12mo in size, octayo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-20. Collation: [title, p. 1; page 2 blank]; the constitution, pp. [3J-20; ordinance, p. 20. 8UPBBMB COURT ' Rnles I of | practice, | in the | supreme & district courts, | for the I territory of Iowa, | adopted at the July term, 1839. | 1 Clarke ^y H. P. Baker; A Study of a Portion of the lowan Drift Border in Fayette County y loway by Grant E. Finch; Mutual In- duction and the Internal Resistance of a Voltaic Celly by L. Begeman; Cyclonic Distribution of Precipitationy by J. A. Udden; The Phys- ical Laboratory at Iowa Collegey Frank F. Almy; A Simple Demon- stration of the Doppler Effect in Soundy by Frank F. Almy; The 294 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Effects of Pressure Upon Lines in the Spectrum of Iron^ by Frank F. Almy; Electrical Standards^ by Karl E. Guthe; Studies of the Col- lembolan Eye^ by J. E. Guthrie; A Study of the Choroid Plexus ^ by Walter J. Meek; The Carotid Arteries and Their Relation to the Circle of Willis in the Caty by H. W. Norris; The Disparity Be- tween Age and Development in the Human Family^ Illustrated by Pronou7iced Cases Due to Thyroid Malformations ^ by J. F. Clarke; Relation of the Motor Nerve Endings to Voluntary Muscle in the Erog^ by B. A. Place; Cladocera of Des Moines and Vicinity y by B. O. Gammon; and the Food of Subterranean Crustacea^ by L. S. Ross. HISTORICAL ITEMS IN SEYKBAJ. IOWA NEWSPAPERS FROM SEPTEMBER, 1906 TO APRIL, 1907 The Register aiid Leader^ Des Moines Gen. Cyrus Bussey, an Iowa Veteran, by L. F. Andrews; Find Clue to Chief Black Hawk's Hidden Fortune, September 2. Mrs. Eliza Handle, of Mason City, Knew John Brown Well; Thos. Smith, of Farley, Serves as Justice Twenty-eight Years; Indian Stories of Iowa Pioneers, September 9. Sketch of Life of Mark Miller, by L. F. Andrews, September 16. Pioneer Merchants of Des Moines, by L. F. Andrews; Capt. S. Crozier, Okoboji's Veteran Steamboat Cap- tain, September 23. Dean Amos Noyes Currier — Forty Years at State University, September 25. Methodists to Celebrate Fiftieth Anniversary; Fifty Years of Merchandising in Des Moines; Historic Old Buildings of Des Moines; F. B. Agnew Has Owned the Farm Fifty Years; Davenport Landmark will be Restored, September 30. Grand Old Man of Iowa Celebrates His Anniversary, October 4. Mr. and Mrs. Alex. Livingston, Iowa's Oldest Residents; W. H. Lehman, Des Moines Pioneer Musician, October 7. Sketch of Life of Martin L. Burke, Early Stage-Driver; W. W. Haller, of Farley, Iowa Octo- genarian Rides Bicycle, October 14. Sketch of Life of Col. Isaac W. Griffith, a Pioneer, by L. F. Andrews, October 21. Chas. Schree- ker, of Elkader, Oldest of His Family, October 22. Polk County's Pioneer Women, by L. F. Andrews; Delving Into Old Musty Rec- ords, Notable Work Now in Progress at the State House, November SOME PUBLICATIONS 295 4. Iowa's Battlefield Monuments, November 11. Samuel G. Irish, Oldest Voter in Monona County; Seth Graham and Early Steamboat- ing, by L. F. Andrews, November 25. How Iowa men Broke the Barb Wire Trust; Wm. F. Schrualsla, One of Custer's Indian Fighters, December 2. Abraham Slimmer, Iowa's Famous Philanthropist; Tama Indians are Religious; Nicholas S. McDonnell and Samuel Saucer- man, Two Veteran Des Moines Business Men, December 16. John K. Hobaugh, Founder of Peoria City, December 23. Veteran Iowa Educators; Sketch of Judge T. T. Morris, by L. F. Andrews; An lowan's Heroic Deed in Civil War, December 30. **Uncle Davy" Norris — Pioneer, by L. F. Andrews, January 6, 1907. A Chase after Rebels in Iowa; War Record of S. J. Robertson; Dolliver's Early Experience as a << Runner"; lowan Has Anvil 500 Years Old; Des Moines' Pioneer Preachers, January 13. Barrel of Whiskey Changes Railroad — Reminiscence of Iowa's Stage Coach Days, January 20. The Last Elk Hunt in Iowa, January 27. The Saylors — Pioneers of Polk County; An Iowa Man's Notable Heirloom; Ackley's Famous "Hobo" War, February 3. Lincoln, New Light on his Character; Tom Kelly and his Hidden Treasure, February 10. lowan the Hero of **Pudd'nhead Wilson"; In Legislatures of Other Days, by L. F. Andrews, February 17. Pocahontas — Iowa's Last Inland County Seat; Des Moines' Pioneer Cabinet Maker, by L. F. Andrews, Feb- ruary 24. Harrison Lyon — Public Benefactor, by L. F. Andrews, March 3. An Intimate View of Black Hawk; Iowa's First College, March 10. Beginnings of a State Constitution, by John C. Parish, March 17. A Notable Group of Iowa Graybeards; A Veteran Vil- lage Smith; William Christy, Veteran Builder, by L. F. Andrews, March 24. The Daily Nonpareil^ Council Bluffs Fraternal Orders of Council Bluffs, Past and Present; Over the Oregon Trail after Fifty Years; Early Doctors; The Pioneer Business Man of Council Bluffs; The Early Pottawattamie County Bar; Early Playhouses and the Drama; When the First Railroad Train Arrived; Military Affairs of Council Bluffs; In the Days of the Painted Sav- 296 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS age; Pioneer Edacational Interests; Postmasters and Homes of the Council Bluffs Postoffioe; An Old Landmark of the Early 60's; Found- ing of Tabor and Tabor College; Big Fires in Days Oone By; Forty- three Years on Harrison Street; Iowa School for the Deaf; Mule Car Days in Council Bluffs; Social Diversions Half Century Ago; ''Hangman Hollow" and the Early Criminal Record; Burying Grounds In and Around the City in Pioneer Times; The Nonpareil: Its Establishment, History and Development; Days When Money Didn't Count; Steamboating in the Early Days; Music in the Earlier Days; Hunting in Pottawattamie County 50 Years Ago; Visit of ''Abe'' Lincoln to Council Bluffs; Council Bluffs a Half Century Ago; George Simons, the "Natural Bom Artist" and his Paintings; Doing the Handsome Thing in the Early Day; The Building of the Union Pacific Railroad; They entertained English Lord in Log Cab- in; Council Bluffs in 1846; The First Permanent White Settler; Pioneer Churches of Council Bluffs; Freighting Across the Plains in Early Days; The News of Lincoln's Assassination; Good Times We Had When We Were Boys; Banking and Land Business in the Early Days; When John Keller Lived in Broadway; Council Bluffs Fire Department, Its History and Achievements; Early History of Coun- cil Bluffs; Early Pottawattamie County Court House; Mayors of Council Bluffs; Wartime Memories of Council Bluffs; Old Cotton- wood Jail; Uncle Sam's Land Office in the Bluffs, September 2, (50th Anniversary Edition). Pioneer German Business Men; Beer Gardens and Breweries of Ante-Prohibition Days, September 30. Marking Old Trail, October 1. Iowa's First Voters, October 23. The Burlingto7i Haxckeye^ Burlington Twenty Years Ago, weekly on Sunday from September 2 to Octo- ber 28. Obituary of Capt. Abe Wilkin, a Pioneer, September 13. Obituary of Albert H. Hunger, a Pioneer, September 14. Chris. Buhrmaster Returns to His Old Home after Fifty Years, September 15. Keeping History Straight, September 18. Obituary of Lorenz Schlicter, a Pioneer, September 19. Brief History of the Twenty- SOME PUBLICATIONS 297 fifth Iowa Regiment, September 23. Obituary of Mrs. Bridget O'Langhlin, a Pioneer, October 9. Obituary of J. H. Crawford, a Pio- neer Railroad Man, October 12. Obituary of Joseph A. Lloyd, a Pioneer, October 14. The Life of Parvin, October 20. Obituary of Mrs. H. C. Stiller, an Early Settler, October 21. Brief Sketch of Dr. Wm. Salter; The California-Oregon Fever of 1842-1850, Novem- ber 18. Will Mormons Return to Illinois? December 16. McCabe's Boyhood Days in Burlington, January 6, 1907. How Craw fords ville Man gave Aid to Black Hawk, January 13. Sketch of Life of Robert Allen, a Pioneer Legislator, January 27. Sketch of Ma-ka-tai-me- she-kia-kiak, or Black Hawk, February 10. Black Hawk no Chief, February 18. Iowa's First College, March 17. Reminiscences of Black Hawk, by People Who Knew Him; Picturesque Beginning of a State Constitution, March 24. The Cedar Rapich Republican^ Cedar Rapids Famous Writer Who Lived At Belle Plaine, September 30. A Tale of the Musquakie, October, 28. r^ HISTORICAL SOCIETIES On February 27, 1907, the new library building of the Maine His- torical Society was dedicated at Portland. The Annual Beport of the Maryland Historical Society, for the year 1906, a pamphlet of twenty-five pages, was distributed in March, 1907. The proceedings and addresses of the third annual meeting of the Pilot Knob Memorial Association, held September 26, 27, and 28, 1906, on the forty-second anniversary of the battle of Pilot Knob, have been issued as a booklet of fifty-two pages. The Eighth Biennial Beport of the Historical Department of Iowa, by Hon. Charles Aldrich, is a fourteen page pamphlet cover- ing the work of the Department from October 81, 1905, to October 31, 1906, which was distributed in March, 1907. The Proceedings of the New England Historic Genealogical Soci- ety for the annual meeting held January 80, 1907, is published as a supplement to the April, 1907, number of the quarterly Begister issued by the Society. The memoirs of the deceased members for 1906 are inserted. The Proceedings of the Worcester Society of Antiquity for the year 1905, issued in 1907, contains the minutes of the 400th to the 402nd meetings, besides three formal papers and three life sketches of local interest. During the year over four thousand items have been added to the library which brings the total to nearly fifty-seven thousand. An article entitled The Heroes of Americaj by J. 6. Hamilton, which gives some random and interesting information of a political secret society that is said to have existed in South Carolina during and immediately after the Civil War, and another unique contribu- tion to the literature on racial questions which refutes some popular HISTORICAL SOCIETIES 299 misconceptions under the title of More Race Problem Discussion, by A. H. Stone, are to be found in the January, 1907, issue of Publica- tions of the Southern History Association. At a recent meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Alabama De- partment of Archives and History, Dr. Thomas M. Owen was re- elected Director of the Department. The Department has just been installed in its new home in the south wing of the Capitol Building at Montgomery. The general maintenance fund has been increased by the legislature and the scope of the Department enlarged. The Missouri Historical Review for January, 1907, begins with an article on the Constitutional Conventions of Missouri^ 1866-1875, by W. F. Switzler; Tfie Shaxikelford Amendment, by its author; a sketch of Col, Benjamin Whiteman Grover, by George S. Grover; Historic Layidm^rks of Jefferson County, Missouri, by John L. Thomas; and an unpublished letter of General Sigel on the Battle of Wilson Creek, An address on Christopher Columbus, by W. G. Smith; a thesis on the State of Geographical Knowledge at the Time of the Discov- ery of America, A. D. H92, by T. C. Middleton; and a general r^sum^ on the State of Medical Knowledge at the Time of the Dis- covery of America, by L. F. Flick, occupy much of the issue of De- cember, 1906, of the Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia. The Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society for the an- nual meeting held in Worcester, October 14, 1906, has recently been issued. The formal papers included are: Some of the Roman Re- mains in England, by S. S. Green; On the Origin of the Cross Sym- bol, by W. H. Holmes; Idecd Newport in the Eighteenth Century, by W. B. Weeden; and Did Benjamin Franklin Fly his Electrical Kite before he Invented the Lightning Rod, by A. L. Rotch. The Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly for January, 1907, contains the proceedings and addresses of the Croghan Cele- bration held August 2, 1906, on the site of Fort Stephenson. The 800 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS remains of Colonel Croghan were interred with imposing ceremonies at the base of the monument erected in 1885. The celebration was given on the ninety-third anniversary of the defense of the Fort. This number of the Quarterly also contains much of interest relating to the War of 1812. The leading article in The American Historical Review for Janu- ary, 1907, is Beligion Still the Key to History y by Simeon E. Bald- win, in which the point is made that all state churches will finally be disestablished, that the history of any nation will be largely gov- erned by its means of education, and that the church exercises a stronger influence upon the mass of its adherents than upon the leaders in civil life who are better fitted to exercise independent judgment. The articles following are: French Reports of British Parliamentary Debates in the Eighteenth Century y by Paul Mantoux; Proof that Columbus was Bom tn H51 : A New Documenty by Hen- ry Vignaud; The Black Warrior Affair y by Henry L. Janes, an incident occurring February 28, 1854, when the American steamer was detained in Havana harbor and which led to serious diplomatic troubles with the Spanish Government; and lastly The Literature of the South African TFar, 1899-190^. The third annual meeting of the Pacific Coast Branch of the Amer- ican Historical Association was held at Portland, Oregon, on No- vember 30 and December 1, 1906. Some of the papers presented were: CooUs Place in Northwestern History y by Professor J. N. Bowman; Origin of British Interest in the Northwesty by Professor Joseph Schafer; Finances of the Cayuse Indian Wary 18J^l-^8y by Professor F. H. Young; Suggestions on the History of the Federal Relations of the States y by Professor C. A. Duniway; Som^ Consid- erations on the History of Spain and Spanish America in the Eight- eenth Century y by Mr. Don E. Smith; Criticism of American His- torical Documents y by Professor Max Farrand; and The Organiza- tion of Work with Historical ManuscriptSy by Professor H. Morse Stephens. HISTORICAL SOCIETIES 301 THE MADISON COUNTY (iOWa) HISTORICAL SOCIETY The Madison County Historical Society held their fourth annual meeting in the court house at Winterset, Iowa, on March 19, 1907. The meeting was presided over by the President of the Society, H. A. Mueller. Following the program, officers for the ensuing year were elected as follows: President, H. A. Mueller; Vice President, O. L. Evans; Secretary and Curator, Walter F. Craig; Treasurer, Ezra Brownell; Directors, M. C. Leinard, Wm. Brinson, W. H. Lewis, and W. W. Gentry. Attention was called to the death of the late A. J. Hoisington, who was a member of the Society, and resolutions were read and adopted, directing the President to cooperate with his legal representatives to the end that some plan may be decided upon where- by the voluminous manuscript prepared by him on the history of Madison County may be preserved for future publication. The History of the Irish Settlement in Madison County, a paper by James Gillaspie written for the Madison County Historical Society, appears in the columns of The WhUerset News for March 29, 1907. THE ILLINOIS STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY The eighth annual meeting of the Illinois State Historical Society was held at Springfield on January 24 and 25, 1907, in the Supreme Court Room. The forenoon of the first day was devoted chiefly to business, the election of officers, and a conference of local historical societies. Professor S. A. Forbes was scheduled for an address on GriersovUs Cavalry Raid. For the afternoon the following papers were scheduled: I'he Integral Phalanx: A Fourier JExperimerU in Illinois^ by Mr. George E. Dawson; Early Literary Men of Illinms : Judge James Holly by Prof. Evarts B. Greene; Indian Legends^ by Mrs. Alfred Bayliss; and The Life and Times of Gen. John Edgar, by Hon. James H. Roberts. In the evening the annual address was given by Prof. Benj. F. Shambaugh, of The State University of Iowa, who spoke on The History of tlie West. The program for the second day of the session consisted of a sym- posium on l^he Teaching of State History in the Public ScJiools; a 302 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS paper on Some Early Physicians of Illinois^ by Dr. John H. HoUis- ter; Illinois Archaeology^ by Mr. Clark MoAdams; TAe EarthqtiaJces of 1811 and 1812 in Southern Illinois, by Daniel Berry; General La Fayette's Visit to Illinois in 1826^ by Mrs. Ellen M. Henrotin; Dr. John M, Peck and Shurtkff CoUege^ by Hon. J. Otis Humphrey; and Persofial Reminiscences of Gen. U, S. Granty by Judge Jacob Wilkin* THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF IOWA In January, 1907, the Twenty-sixth Biennial Beport oftht Board of Curators was issued. The pamphlet contains 25 pages. A BHef History of The StaU Bistoncal Society of Iowa 1857^ 1907 appears as a twenty -four page reprint from the April, 1903, number of The Iowa Journal of History and Politics. Bobert IJucaSy by John C. Parish, appears as the first of the Iowa Biographical Series issued by the Society. Benj. F. Shambaugh is the editor of the series. The book on Bobert Lucas contains 856 pages. On Thursday of the week devoted to a commemoration of the Con- stitution of Iowa the President of The State University of Iowa gave a reception in honor of the officers of The State Historical Society of Iowa and the University Senate. By an act of the Thirty-second General Assembly the permanent annual support of the Society has been increased from $7,500 to $12,000. This is a very substantial gain and will enable the Society to realize more fully the purposes for which it was established. As a souvenir of the celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Constitution of the State of Iowa a pocket edition of the Constitution was issued by the Society. The booklet contains an historical in- troduction by Benj. F. Shambaugh; and amendments during the half century from 1857 to 1907 follow the text of the Constitution itself. NOTES AND COMMENT Dr. Duren J. H. Ward has removed from Iowa City to Fort Col- lins, Colorado. The twenty-first annaal meeting of the Iowa Academy of Sciences will be held at Drake University, April 26-27, 1907. On February 22, 1907, there was presented at the High School in Tipton, Iowa, a program commemorative of the fiftieth anniversary of the foanding of the graded schools of that place. Tlie Mail and TimeSy Des Moines, Iowa, for sometime edited by Frank W. Bicknell, passed with the issue for April 6, 1907, into the hands of C. C. Pugh, of Des Moines, and J. F. Schindler, of Boston. The fourth biennial Report of the Minnesota Public Library Com- mission, 1905-1906, distributed in April, 1907, is a finely printed publication of nearly ninety pages which shows commendable prog- ress in library work. A Bibilography of the State, town, county, and territorial history of the United States, compiled by Thomas L. Bradford and edited and revised by Stan. V. Henkels is announced for early publication. The work will be issued in five octavo volumes of about four hundred pages each and will be published by Henkels & Morrison, of Phila- delphia. The tenth annual report of the Cedar Rapids Free Public Library, 1906, was issued early in the year 1907. From this the information is obtained that the receipts were slightly in excess of eight thousand dollars with the expenditures nearly the same. Two thousand one • hundred and fifty-seven volumes were added to the library. The total circulation was 78,586. During the year the Public Library took charge of the High School Library. The thirty-first annual Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture, Insurance, Statistics, and History of Texas, part ii, contains the re- 304 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS ports of the State Librarian and of the Classifier and Translator of Manuscripts. From the report it is learned that the efforts of the State Library are exerted in the direction of the collection of mate- rials relating to Texas and the southwest, leaving the field of general literature to the public libraries and the educational institutions. The eleventh annual meeting of the State Association of County Supervisors was held at Des Moines, January 23-25, 1907. The of- ficers elected for the ensuing year are: Frank T. Morris, of Polk County, President; I. H. Manley, of Poweshiek County, Vice Presi- dent; J. E. Taggart, of Page County, Secretary; and Godfrey Durst, of Woodbury County, Treasurer. The next session will be held at Clin- ton, August 14-16, 1907. The proceedings of the last session will be issued in pamphlet form. The Iowa State Association of County Treasurers and the Iowa Association of County Auditors held their annual sessions at Des Moines, January 23-25, 1907. The officers of the Treasurers' As- sociation are: George E. Kellogg, of Audubon County, President; P. J. Brandrnp, of Hamilton County, Vice President; E. D. Carlton, of Dickinson County, Secretary; and W. L. Lundy, of Page County, Treasurer. The officers of the Auditors' Association are: A. S. Law- rence, of Muscatine County, President; E. F. Marker, of Clay County, Vice President; E. D. Hoxey, of Buena Vista County, Secretary; and F. W. Leedham, of Clinton County, Treasurer. Both Associa- tions will meet at Clinton, August 14-16, 1907. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF COL. B. W. WILSON At the age of nineteen he enlisted in the United States Army and was assigned to Company 6. Mounted Rifles, the regiment of which John C. Fremont was then Colonel. At this time, however. Colonel Fremont with five companies of the regiment was on the Pacific Coast. The other companies were quartered at Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis. While there the war with Mexico was declared and these companies were sent to the front as a part of Gen. Winfield Scott's command. Mr. Wilson served in Mexico until peace was declared, NOTES AND COMMENT 305 participating in eight battles and numerous skirmishes. For gallant bravery and meritorious conduct at the battle of Beleu Gate, Septem- ber 13, 184Y, he was presented with a certiticate of merit, signed by James K. Polk, President of the United States. He was twice wound- ed in this engagement^ but being young and in vigorous health he soon recovered. At the close of the war he returned to Indiana for a time, but later came to Tama County, Iowa, and took up one hun- dred and sixty acres of government land across the river south of where Belle Plaine now stands. In 1881 he was married in Illinois to Mary E. Lux (who survives him), came to Iowa, and together with his young wife endured the hardships and privations of the pio- neers of those days. In 1857 the river farm was sold, after which he bought the farm just across the line in Poweshiek County four miles south of Chelsea, where E. W. Boyer now lives. On this farm their family of nine children was reared. Between the years of 1857 and 1862 a military company was or- ganized and Colonel Wilson was chosen captain. This company met several times a year to drill, so that his interest in military affairs was kept up. In 1862 he enlisted and assisted in organizing a com- pany for service in the Civil War. He was chosen captain of this company and it was assigned to the 28th Iowa Volunteer Infantry as Company B. The regiment was rendezvoused at Camp Pope, Iowa City, as soon as it was organized and equipment furnished. They were ordered to the front, their first stop being at Helena, Arkansas, when Captain Wilson was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel. The regiment participated in many of the engagements leading up to the capture of Vicksburg, Port Gibson, Jackson, Black River Bridge and others. After the fall of Vicksburg they were sent further south and were in the engagement at Sabine Cross Roads. Later in 1864 that regiment was sent around to the Shienandoah Valley in Virginia, and was in the Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek fights. In the latter engagement Colonel Wilson was severely wounded, carrying the effect of the wound the remainder of his life. After the Shenan- doah campaign the regiment was sent south, and at the close of the war was discharged at Morehead City, North Carolina. 306 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS After the war Colonel Wilson returned to his farm where he con- tinued to live until 1892. In 1894 he removed to Chelsea, where he has resided ever since. He died at his home in Chelsea, Monday, March 4, 1907, aged 79 years, 8 months and 18 days. — Toledo Chronr tele. THE FIFTIETH ANiaVERSARY OF THE CONSTITUTION OF IOWA In April, 1906, the Thirty-first General Assembly of the State of Iowa appropriated << seven hundred and fifty dollars to be expended under the direction of the board of curators of the state historical society for the purpose of defraying the proper and legitimate ex- penses of holding at Iowa City, 1907, a semi-centennial anniversary celebration of the adoption of the constitution of Iowa, and publish- ing the proceedings thereof." March 19-22, 1907, was fixed by the Board of Curators as the time for holding the celebration. I'he committee on program and arrange- ments consisted of Curators L. 6. Weld, J. W. Rich, and B. F. Shambaugh. The Honorary Presidents of the occasion were Albert Baird Cummins, Governor of the State of Iowa, and George Edwin MacLean, President of The State University of Iowa. The program as arranged and carried out was as follows: TUESDAY MARCH THE NINETEENTH Bknjamin Fsanktjn Shambaugh Prbsidino An Addbxss 8:16 P. M. A WRITTEN CONSTITUTION IN SOME OF ITS HISTORICAL ASPECTS BT ANDREW CUNNINGHAM McLAUGHLIN PBOFB880B OF HiBTOBT IN THX UinVKBSnT OF CHICAGO WEDNESDAY MARCH THE TWENTIETH Chabz Elliot's JMoUb, Vol. V, p. 857. ^ Elliot's Deftcrfea, Vol. V, p. 487. 328 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS and there is no direct evidence that it is correct so to con- strue them other, than the fact that Butler and Pinckney m thereafter moved to require fugitive slaves to be delivered up like criminals. Upon August 29, Butler moved the inser- tion in Article xv of what was practically the fugitive clause as finally adopted.^ This was uninamously agreed to without any discussion. These are the only statements in reference to the clause to be found anywhere in the proceedings of the Convention; and special attention is called here to the fact that no discussions whatever arose over the clause as might be expected if it were so essential or a compromise of the Constitution. The State conventions, called for the ratification of the Constitution, alike fail to disclose any marked objections to the clause. General Pinckney, in the South Carolina Conven- tion, simply mentioned the clause as a newly acquired right,^ and nowhere even hinted that the clause was a matter of discussion by the committee appointed to settle the matter of the non-importation of slaves from whose work the fa- mous compromise appeared. Mr. Iredell, in the North Caro- lina Convention, stated that some of the northern States, having emancipated their slaves, the clause was inserted to prevent the fugitive slaves of the South enjoying the freedom which otherwise would come from a short residence in the North.* There is but one mention of the clause in the Journal of the Virginia Convention, in which George Mason said that there was really no security in the clause as 1 Elliot's Debates, Vol. V, p. 402. • Elliot's Debates, Vol. IV, p. 286. • Elliot's Debates, Vol. IV, p. 176. THE FUGITIVE SLAVE CLAUSE 829 it only meant that slaves should not be protected in other States/^ No references were made to the clause in the con- ventions of the other States, all the attention in reference to slavery being directed to the non-importation clause. But this absence in the constitutional conventions of any evidence of reasons for the insertion of the clause only in- creases our determination to seek if possible the true explana- tion for the introduction of the clause into the Constitution. Story says that "this clause was introduced into the Consti- tution solely for the benefit of the slave-holding States, and that the want of such a provision under the Confederation was felt as an inconvenience by the southern States."^ No reference to specific complaints of the slave States is given; and a careful search reveals none. This does not disprove necessarily the statement of Story. But, in view of the non-appearance of any evidence presented by him or by any one else, such a definite statement is assuredly un- warranted. Then Henry Wilson asserts positively that Charles C. Pinckney in the Federal Convention stated that South Caro- lina could enter no Union "unless slaves should enter into the basis of representation, the slave trade be continued, and provision be made for the rendition of slaves escaping from their master."' In the citations of everything said in the Convention on the matter, as given above, is found the direct proof of the inaccuracy of this statement by Wilson. But possibly from a discovery of the precedents, if any. 1 Elliot's DebaUB, Vol. HI, p. 468. * Story's Commentaries, Vol. II, p. 589. * Wilson's Btae and Fall cf 8Une Power in America, Vol. I, p. 53. 880 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS for such a clause in the Constitution we may upon learning the reason for those precedents at the same time draw justi- fiable inferences regarding the object of the insertion of a similar clause in the Constitution. Professor Alexander Johnston suggests as a precedent for the clause the eighth article of the New England Confederation of 1648, and as- serts that "if the convention did not avail itself of the ex- perience of its predecessor of the previous century, is it not a little odd that it should happen to bring just these provi- sons together as the second section of Article iv."^ That the salient features of the clause are in the articles of the New England Confederation in much diflferent phraseology is true,^ but in the absence of any evidence whatever that the members of the Constitutional Convention had made any special study of the Confederation of 1648, and in view of the fact that they went at their work in the most practical manner and sought to remedy the conditions of their own time (conditions so entirely diflferent from those of 1643 as to preclude any comparison) it is clear that little explanation for this clause of the Constitution can be found in that of the New England Confederation. But it is in the similiar clause of the Ordinance of 1787 that Curtis,' Justice Miller,* Benton, and others find the precedent for the clause in the Constitution. Then in view of the fact that Benton not only states that the clause was also necessary to the adoption of the Ordinance of 1787, but further that both clauses were practically formed simul- i New Princeton Review, Vol. IV, p. 188. ■ Preston^s Documents^ American History, p. 92. > Cortis's History of the Constitution, Vol. II, p. 466. « Miller's Constitution of United States, p. 688. THE FUGITIVE SLAVE CLAUSE 881 taneonsly, and by the same men, and forcibly asserts that the same reasons existed for the insertion of each,^ we are necessarily led to a study of the clause in the Ordinance to just such an extent as it may throw light upon the real significance of the clause in the Constitution. The first appearance of a fugitive slave clause among the various resolutions pertaining to the Northwest Territory was April 6, 1785, when the committee consisting of King Howell, and Ellery submitted a resolution containing it;* but there was no discussion whatsoever upon it, and the resolution does not even appear in the Journal of CongTe%%. Although this Ordinance was first read in Congress on March 4, 1785,* and came up for discussion from time to time, and was again reported in another form on April 24,* and continued to be the subject of debate until May 20, when it was adopted,* yet the fugitive slave clause, after its first seemingly unnoticed appearance, was completely and in- explicably lost, never to reappear until its final insertion in the second reading of the final Ordinance upon July 12. The clause even then created no discussion; and Dane's letter to King, if consulted, will prove that the clause was no part of a compromise in the committee, since he states that "when I drew the ordinance I had no idea the states would agree to the sixth article prohibiting slavery as only Massachu- 1 Benton's Thirty Tears' View, Vol. n, p. 773, •Ford's Bibliography of the Continental Congress in Boston Public Library Bulletin, Vol. X, p. 160, cites Resolution found in Forty Broadsides, in State Department Library, Washington, D. C. » Journal of Congress, Vol. X, p. 50. « Journal of Congress, Vol. X, p. 87. ■ Journal of Congress, Vol. X, p. 94. 882 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS setts of the Eastern States was present, and therefore omit- ted it in the draft; but finding the House favorably disposed on this subject after we had completed the other parts, I moved the article, which was agreed to without opposition."^ Thus there was, indeed, a marked similarity in the ap- pearance of the clause in both the Ordinance and the Con- stitution in that in both it was inserted without any discus- sion. Apparently there seems to be nowhere in existence any history of its introduction or positive proof of the neces- sity of the clause in either document. Now the interesting inquiry remains as to the apparent connection between the Fugitive Slave Clause in the two instruments. Benton, it should be recalled, made much of the simultaneous introduction of the clause in the two docu- ments. As stated) the clause first appeared in a discussion of the Ordinance for the Northwest Territory on April 6, 1785; but the serious discussion of the Ordinance in the final form began July 11, 1787, the Fugitive Slave Clause was inserted July 12, and the Ordinance passed July 13, 1787. In the Constitutional Convention the clause passed on Au- gust 29, 1787. That the members of the Constitutional Convention were acquainted with the act as passed by Con- gress is clear, and there can be no positive objection to an assumption that the clause in the Ordinance of 1787, may have suggested a like clause in the Constitution; but an en- tire absence of proof of any direct connection between the two events disqualified such a positive statement as that of Benton's. ^ Letter of Dane to King, July 16, 1787.— X{/e and Correspondence of Rufiu King Vol. I, p. 290. THE FUGITIVE SLAVE CLAUSE 838 Regarding the claim that the Fugitive Slave Clause was any part of the great compromise, it may be stated that the discussion over representation began on July 11, 1787, and it was on July 12 that Wilson suggested the final form of * the three-fifths compromise which was passed on the same day.^ It has been previously shown that the first proposal of the Fugitive Slave Clause in the Constitutional Convention occurred August 29, and that Pinckney did not even speak of a guarantee to the southern States of their slaves before July 23. Moreover, the discussion in reference to the im- portation of slaves and a navigation act arose August 22,^ up- on which day it was referred to a special committee which reported August 24.* Then in the minutes of August 29 is found, appended to General Pinckney's remarks upon the liberal conduct of the eastern States towards the views of South Carolina, Madison's note that ^^an understanding on the subject of navigation and slavery had taken place."* So there is no doubt but that the compromises were all defi- nitely arranged before the Fugitive Slave Clause was sug- gested by Pinckney and Butler. In view of what Pinckney said in the State convention thereafter it can scarcely be believed that the clause was one of the conditions of union. There was not only no realization by Mason, of Virginia, of the importance of the clause, but no evidence of any 1 Elliot's Debates, Vol. V, p. 204 to 306. • Elliot's Debates, Vol. V, p. 457. » Elliot's Debates, Vol. V, p. 461, 471. * Elliot's Debates, Vol. V, p. 489. 884 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS battle over the insertion of the clause as seen in Pinckney's narration to his State of the events at Philadelphia. Pinck- ney would most certainly have spoken of it as he was very anxious to disclose to his State every victory won by the South in the Constitutional Convention, in the hope that South Carolina would more surely adopt the instrument as presented. The entire absence of any notice of the provi- sions in the discussions in the other ratifying conventions establishes, as securely as negative evidence can, the falsity of the statement that the clause could have been any part of the compromises. Compromises presuppose diflferences of opinion in which sides are taken and much bitterness is manifested. It is inconceivable that some of the wounds left from such a combat would not have been still unhealed at the time of the holding of the State conventions, and some of the old rancor would have reasserted itself as was true in reference to all of the real compromises between the South and the North. A compromise also assumes that each side gained some desired point from the adjustment. What was the favor secured the North here? No one has ever suggested any; and the discussions in the ratifying con- ventions in the northern States of the compromises actually arranged with the South disclose clearly that the North more than recognized that for each favor granted it, the South had secured an equally valuable one without attaching the Fugitive Slave Clause to any of the arrangements with a desire to even the scales. All the evidence likewise points to the fact that there was no fight over the clause in Congress upon the enactment of the Ordinance of 1787. Dane does not recognize at all the THE FUGITIVE SLAVE CLAUSE 335 real significance of the clause and passes over it much too hurriedly for it to have been an object of any known value to the South. The compromises had all been settled and Pinckney was much gratified at the liberal conduct of the eastern States. In the midst of the manifestations of good feeling among the members, and evident rejoicing over the peaceful settlement of the differences that had so long threatened the establish- ment of union at all, Pinckney and Butler possibly presumed upon the favorable attitude of the East and shrewdly present- ed the clause, trusting that it might be thus hurriedly inserted as it was, little realizing themselves the future trouble that it was to occasion. They undoubledly never conceived of it as essential to their signing the Constitution; and even a moderate opposition by the North would doubt- less have secured its rejection, unless an agreement had been secretly reached to allow its insertion, which seems almost inconceivable. Whether or not the clause was ever suggested or agreed upon in any of the meetings of the compromise committee, with the secret understanding that it was to be afterwards introduced, can never be known. Strict impartiality requires that we do not overlook the fact that on the very day of July 12, when Wilson proposed the three-fifths compromise, the Fugitive Sldve Clause appeared in the Ordinance of 1787 through Mr. Dane's agency. There may be, of course, a meaning in this coincidence, but no proof is found. The fact that one body was holding its meetings in New York and the other in Philadelphia, together with the known facts herein given, would tend to disprove it. Then again. 386 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS it must not be forgotten that the Fugitive Slave Clause ap- peared first in the committee report of April 6, 1785, which destroys the idea that discussion in the Constitutional Con- vention could have suggested the first appearance of the clause before Congress in the report upon the Northwest Territory. It is clearly seen that many misstatements have been made concerning the clause and that no positive evidence is extant to prove (1) that the clause was necessary to the adoption of the Constitution, (2) that it was a part of the famous compromise, or (8) that there is a direct connection between the clause in the Ordinance of 1 787 and the one in the Con- stitution. On the other hand it is conceded that this reason- ing from negative evidence is not positive proof of the position herein taken. R. B. Way Northwestern University EvANSTON, Illinois A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA STATE PUBLICA- TIONS FOR 1904 AND 1905 The following bibliography is compiled from such State publications for the years 1904 and 1905 as have come to the notice of the writer. Considerable energy has been expended in an eflfort to compile a complete and perfect bibliography with the usual result, however, of achieving success with only certain portions. Nevertheless, it is be- lieved that this bibliography will serve all practical pur- poses and that where omissions occur the context will indicate the probable sources. On examining the State publications with reference to their production it will be observed that there are three different sources from which they emanate, namely, from the office of the State Printer, from institutional presses (as at Anamosa and Glenwood), and from private contract. As may naturally be expected, from these different sources there has been produced an heterogeneous mass of publica- tions— a condition necessarily produced by the varying demands of the different offices and the opportunities present- ed for publication. It has been the endeavor of the writer to list these publications in such manner that craftsmen or bookmen may readily perceive their general character and at the same time enable investigators to determine their relative source values in their respective fields of labor. T. J. FiTZPATBICK The State Historical Society op Iowa Iowa City 338 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Proceedings | of the | Iowa academy of sciences | for 1904. | volume XII. | 1 edited by the secretary. | 1 published by the state. I 1 Des Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer 1 1905. | Cloth, boards, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-vii], yiil-xriii, 1-244, plates i- ZX1X, figures 1-8. The cover and inner titles of the board bound copies are identical. Contents: Officers, members. Necrology — Emma Pammel Hansen. Proceed- ings of the nineteenth annual session. Botany In its relation to good citizenship, by B. Shimek. Apparatus for plating out petri dishes in the field, by L. S. Ross. A method for the determination of hydriodic and hydrobromic acids, by W. S. Hendrizson. Notes on American Cladonias, by Bruce Fink. Some notes on certain Iowa algae, by Bruce Fink. Cohesion of v?ater and of alcohol, by Edwin Morrison. The sUme moulds of New Mexico, by T. H. Macbride. An ecological study of the Sabine and Neches valleys, Texas, by James E. 6ow. J. J. Thom- son's theory of matter, by L. Begeman. Variation In ray flowers of Anthemls cotula and other composites, by H. S. Fawcett. Notes on a thermophilic bacillus, by R. Earle Buchanan. Municipal hygiene— part i, by C. O. Bates. Notes on the flora, especially the forest flora, of the Bitter Root mountains, by L. H. Pam- mel. Methods for the estimation of carbon dioxide in minerals and rocks, by Nicholas Knight. An annotated list of Iowa Dlscomyoetes, by Fred Jay Seaver. The biology of the Bacillus violaceus laurentius or Pseudomonas janthina, by Orace Roodde Rueda. Plants new to the flora of Decatur county, Iowa, by J. P. Anderson. The switchboard and arrangement of storage battery at Simpson col- legCf ^ John L. Tllton. A problem in municipal waterworks for a small city, by John L. Tllton. Some railroad water supplies, by L. H. Pammel and Estelle I). Fogel. Flowering plants of Henry county, by J. M. Lindly. Bisection of mountain blocks in the great basin region, by Charles R. Keyes. Geological structure of the Jomado del Muerto and adjoining bolson plains, by Charlte R. Keyes. Northward extension of the lake valley limestone, by Charles R. Keyes. Orowth and pigment production of Pseudomonas janthina, by Harry F. Watt. The synthesis of ethyl alcohol from acetylene, by J. C. Frazee. The flowering plants of Hardin county, by Morton E. Peck. Proceedings | of the | Iowa academy of science | for 1906 | 1 volume XIII | 1 edited by the secretary | 1 published by the state I 1 Des Moines | B. Murphy, state printer 1 1906 | Cloth, boards, octavo In size and fold, pp. [i-ix], x-xii, 1-279, plates i-xxviii, flgnres. The cover and Inner titles of the board bound copies are identical. Contents: Officers, members of the Iowa Academy of Sciences. Proceedings of the twentieth annual session of the Iowa Academy of Sciences. Presidential address, a review of the development of mineralogy, by Melvin F.'Arey. Photo- graphic accessories of the Drake observatory, by D. W. Morehouse. Municipal hygiene — ^part ii — milk, by C. 0. Bates. An observation on the number of bacteria in Des Moines school buildings, by L. S. Ross. A flora of Webster county, Iowa, hj 0. M. Oleson and M. P. Somes. Floristic notes from an Illinois esker, by BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 339 Brace Fink. Lichens and recent conceptions of species, by Brace Fink. Notes on the Discomycete flora of Iowa, by Fred Jay Seaver. The forest trees of eastern Nebraska, by Charles E. Bessey. Some diseases of Rocky Moantain plants, by L. H. Pammel. The Liliales of Iowa, by T. J. Fitzpatrick. Some of the flowering plants of Calcasiea parish, Loaisiana, by J. M. Lindly. Dolomite and magnesite with reference to the separation of calcium and magnesium, by Nicholas Knight and Ward H. Wheeler. Logarithmic factors for ase in water analysis, by W. S. Hendrixson. Periodical literatare in Iowa on the subject of chemistry, by W. S. Hendrixson. Action of bromic acid on metals, by W. S. Hendrixson. Some variant conclusions in Iowa geology, by J. £. Todd. More light on the origin of the Missouri rirer loess, by J. £. Todd. Geology of the Corinth canal zone, by Charles R. Keyes. Lime Creek fauna of Iowa in south- western United States and northern Mexican region, by Charles R. Keyes. Alterna- tion of fossil faunas, by Charles R. Keyes. A contribution to Madison county geology, by F. A. Brown. An attempt to illustrate tides and tidal action, by John L. Til ton. The holding and reclamation of sand dunes and sand wastes by tree planting, by H. P. Baker. A study of a portion of the lowan drift border in Fayette county, Iowa, by Grant £. Finch. Mutual induction and the internal resistance of a voltaic cell, by L. Begeman. Cyclonic distribution of precipita- tion, by J. A. Udden. The physical laboratory at Iowa college, by Frank F. Almy . A simple demonstration of the Poppler effect in sound, by Frank F. Almy. The effects of pressure upon lines in the spectrum of iron, by Frank F. Almy. Elec- trical standards, by Karl E. Guthe. Studies of the Collembolan eye, by J. E. Guthrie. A study of the choroid plexus, by Walter J. Meek. The carotid arteries and their relation to the circle of Willis in the cat, by H. W. Norris. The disparity between age and development in the human family, illustrated by pronounced cases due to thyroid malformations, by James Frederic Clarke. Rela- tion of the motor nerve endings to voluntary muscle in the frog, by B. A. Place* Cladocera of Des Moines and vicinity, by B. O. Gammon. Food of subterranean Crustacea, by L. S. Ross. ADJUTANT GENERAL Biennial report | of the | adjutant general | of the state of Iowa | for the biennial period ending | November 30, 1906. | | printed by order of the general assembly. | 1 Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer. | [1]905. Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-98. Also included in Iowa Docu- ments, 1906, volume iii. AGRICULTURE The fifth annual | Iowa Year Book of Agriculture | issued by the Iowa department | of agriculture. | 1 containing | Proceedings of the State Farmers' Institute and Agricultural { Convention of 1904; Synopsis of the State Board and Com- 1 mittee Meetings; Crop and 340 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Weather Report; Proceedings | of the Iowa Swine Breeders, Iowa State Improved | Stock Breeders and Iowa State Dairy Asso- 1 ciations; Extracts from the State Dairy | Commissioner's Report and | Nation- al Dairy Union | and | Papers on Live Stock, Agricultural and Mis- cellaneous Topics I also | Early History of the Iowa State Fair, with Press Reports of the | First Iowa State Fair (1854) and the Fair of 1904; Awards | to Iowa Exhibitors at the Louisiana Purchase | Exposi- tion; Statistics Relative to Farmers' | Institutes in Iowa | and | Reports of County and District Agricultural Societies, Together | with Laws Governing Same. | 1 edited by | J. C. Simpson, | secretary state board of agriculture. |[1005]. | Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-viii, 1], 2-807, portraits, plates. Sixth annual | Iowa Year Book of Agriculture | Issued by the | Iowa Department of Agriculture 1 1 005 | 1 Des Moines | Bernard Murphy, state printer. 1 1906 | Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-xii, 1], 2-1229, plates, figures. ▲TTOBKEY GENERAL Fifth biennial report | of the | attorney-general | of the | state of Iowa I I Chas. W. Mullan | attorney-general | | transmitted to the governor, January, 1906 | 1 Printed by Order of the General Assembly | 1 Des Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer 1 1906 | Cloth, octavo in size aod fold, pp. [1-3], 4-463. Also iDcluded in Iowa Doch- ments, 1906, volume iii. auditor Biennial report | of the | Auditor of State | to the | governor of Iowa I 1 July 1, 1906. I 1 B. F. Carroll, Auditor of State. | [ printed by order of the general assembly | 1 Des Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer. 1 1905. Cloth, paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-iv], v-xriii, [1], ^-630. The cover and inner titles of the paper bound copies are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume i. Revenue laws | of the | State of Iowa | compiled in pursuance of | section 1869 of the code | by | B. F. Carroll, | auditor of state | | give this to county auditor when assessment | is finished | 1 Des Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer. 1 1904. j BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 841 Paper, quarto In size, octavo in fold, pp. [i-ii, 1-7], 8-186, [i-ii, 1], 2-104. The coyer and inner tiUes are identical. Thirty-fifth annual report | of the | auditor of state | of the state of Iowa I on I insurance | other than life | 1 1004 | volume 1 1 1 B. F. Carroll | auditor of state | 1 Compiled from annual statements, for the year ending December 81, 1008. | | Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer] 1004 Cloth, paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-iii], iv-yiii, [1-8], 4-608. The coyer and inner titles of the paper bound copies are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1004, yolume yii. Thirty-fifth annual report | of the| auditor of state | of the state of Iowa I on I insurance | 1 1004 1 volume ii | life | 1 B. F. Carroll | auditor of state | | Compiled from annual statements, for the year ending December 81, 1008 | jDes Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1004 | Cloth, paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [i-iii], iy-yiii, [1-8], 4-660. The coyer and inner titles of the paper bound copies are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1004, yolume vii. Thirty-sixth annual report | of the | auditor of state | of the state of Iowa I on I insurance | other than life. | 1 1006 | volume i. | | B. F. Carroll | auditor of state. | | Compiled from annual state- ments, for the year ending December 81, 1004. | | Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1006 | Cloth, paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [i-iii], iy-ix, {x, 1-3], 4-668. The coyer and inner titles are identical in the paper bound copies. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1000, yolume yi. Thirty-sixth annual report | of the | auditor of state | of the state of Iowa I on I insurance | 1 1006 | volume ii. | life. | 1 B. F. Car- roll I auditor of state. | | Compiled from annual statements, for the year ending December 81, 1004. | 1 Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1006 Cloth, paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [i-iii], iy-yiii, [1-8], 4-613. The coyer and inner titles of the paper bound copies are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1006, yolume vi. 342 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS BOARD OF CONTROL Fourth biennial report | of the | Board of Control | of | state institu- tions I of I Iowa I 1 for the biennial period ending June 30, 1005 | Des Moines, Iowa | Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1906 Cloth, octayo in size and fold, pp. [1-5], 6-542. Also included in Iowa Docu- ments, 1906, volume iv. Bulletin | -of- 1 Iowa Institutions | (Under the Board of Control) published quarterly | 1 Volume VI | 1 1904 1 herald print- ing CO. I Dubuque Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-8], 4-552, plates. Issued also in quarterly numbers, January, April, July, and October. Bulletin | of | Iowa Institutions | (Under the Board of Control) | I published quarterly | zzi: | Volume VII. | |1905|J. H. Welch Printing Co., | Des Moines Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-ii, 1-2], 8-569, folding tables, figures 1* 10. Issued also in quarterly numbers, January, April, July, and October. COLLEGE FOR THE BLIND Biennial | Report of the Superintendent | of the | Iowa College for the Blind | at Vinton | to the board of control | of state institutions [out] I 1 for the period ending June 30, 1906. | |Glenwood institution press 1 1906 | » Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-6], 7-88. The cover and inner titles are practically identical. CUSTODLA.N OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS Report I of the | Custodian of Public Buildings | and property | to the I governor of Iowa, | for the years 1904 and 1905. | January 1, 1906. T. E. McCurdy | Custodian of Public Buildings and Property Des Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer 1 1906 Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-8], 4-84. The cover and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume i. DAIRY COMMISSION Eighteenth annual report | of the | State Dairy Commissioner | to the I governor of the state of Iowa | for the year 1904. | 1 H. B. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 843 Wright^ I State Dairy Commissioner. ( | printed by order of the general assembly. | | Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer. 1 1904. Paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [1-7], &-97, [08-100]. Tlie coyer and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1006, yolume ▼. Nineteenth annual report | of the | State Dairy Commissioner | to the I governor of the state of Iowa | for the year 1905 | | H. B. Wright I State Dairy Commissioner | 1 printed by order of the general assembly | 1 Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1906 1 Paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [1-7], 8-60, [70-71]. The coyer and inner titles are Identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1006, yolume ▼. EXECUTIVE COUNCIL Report I of the | Executive Council of Iowa | of | expenses and dis- position of fees and moneys | collected of state officers and | educa- tional institutions | for the period from | June 80, 1008, to July 1, 1006 I 1 compiled by A. H. Davison, | Secretary of the Execu- tive Council, I A. U. Swan, | Assistant Secretary. | 1 made in com pliance with requirements of chapter | six, acts of twenty-eighth gen- eral I assembly. | 1 Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer. 1005. Paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [1-5], 6-677. The aboye is the coyer title. The inner title omits the eleventh to the fifteenth lines inclusiyely. Report I of the | fifth annual assessment | of | Telegraph and Tele- phone Property | in the | state of Iowa | as fixed by the | Executive Council of the State of Iowa | July 26, 1004 | { compiled by A. H. Davison, | secretary of executive council. | A. U. Swan, Assistant Secretary. | 1 Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer, 1 1004. | Paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-120. The coyer and inner titles are identical. Report I of the | sixth annual assessment | of | Telegraph and Tele- phone Property | in the | state of Iowa | as fixed by the | Executive Council of the State of Iowa | July 27, 1005 | | compiled by A. 344 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS H. Davison, | secretary of executive counoil. | A. U. Swan, Assistant secretary. | 1 Des Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer. 1 1905. Paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [1-8], 4-184. The coyer and inner titles are identical. Thirty-Third Annual Report { of the | assessed valuation | of | Rail- road Property | in the | state of Iowa, | as fixed by the | Executive Council of the State, July 23, 1904. ( 1 compiled by A. H. Davi- son, I Secretary of the Executive Council, | and | A. U. Swan, | Assist- ant Secretary. | 1 printed ay [by] authority of chapter four, acts twenty-eighth { general assembly. | 1 with a statement of the assess- ment of express property | in the state of Iowa. | 1 Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer [ 1904. | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-101. The coyer and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1904, volume ii. Thirty-Fourth Annual Report | of the | assessed valuation | of | Rail- road Property | in the | state of Iowa, | as fixed by the | Executive Council of the State, July 27, 1905. | 1 compiled by A. H. Davison, I Secretary of the Executive Council, | and | A. U. Swan, | Assistant Secretary. | 1 printed by authority of chapter four, acts twenty- eighth I general assembly. ] 1 with a statement of the assessment of express property | in the state of Iowa. | 1 Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1905. | Paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-101. The coyer and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1906, vohime ii. Census of Iowa 1 1905 | Instructions to Assessors | Under the Provi- sions of Chapter 8 of the Laws of the | Thirtieth General Assembly of Iowa. I 7 I office of the executive council, | Des Moines, Iowa. | Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1904. Pamphlet, octayo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-8. Executive council of Iowa. | | notice to census enumerators. | Office of Secretary, | Des Moines, Iowa, January 10, 1905. To all Census Enumerators: | Pamphlet, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. The text follows the title. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 345 1905 I Census Bulletin | Number 1 1 1 issued by the | Exeoutiye Council of the State of Iowa | | Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy , state printer | 1905. | Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1], 2-28. Iowa census bulletin | No. 2 | 1 Statistics Relating to | civil war veterans | Residing in Iowa | | Issued by | executive council of Iowa I I Des Moines. | B. Murphy, state printer. 1 1905. | Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1], 2-55. Census of Iowa | for the | year 1905 | compiled by the executive council I 1 under the authority of chapter 8, acts of the 80th | general assembly | | Des Moines | Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1905 I Sheep, cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-x, i-ii], iii-cxxzi, [cxxxii, 1], 2- 908, maps, plates. FISH AND OAMB WABDBX Sixteenth Biennial Report | of the | State Fish and Game Warden | to the I Governor of the State of Iowa | 1 1904-1905 | Geo. A. Lincoln, Warden. | | printed by order of the general assembly | Des Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer 1 1905 Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-87, plates. The above is the inner title. The cover title has the same breakage in lines but varies in the style of type used. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume iv. 1904 I Iowa fish and | game laws | 1 in force | April 1, 1904 | I 1 state fish and game warden | Geo. A. Lincoln | Cedar Rapids, Iowa I Republican Ptg. Co., Cedar Rapids, Iowa | Paper, 24mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1], 2-16. GENERAL ASSEMBLY Acts and resolutions | passed at the | regular session | of the | Thir- tieth General Assembly | of the {state of Iowa | begun January 11 and ended April 12, 1904. | 1 published under authority of the state. I 1 Des Moines, Iowa: | Bernard Murphy, state printer. | 1904. Sheep, boards, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i-iii], iv-zxviii, [xxix-: 1], 2-278. By error the number of the last page is given as 723. The cover and inner titles of the board bound copies are identical. 846 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Rales and standing | oommittees | of the | Thirtieth General As- sembly 1 1904 I 1 printed by order of the general assembly | Des Moines | Bernard Marphy, state printer | 1904 Paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-71, two folding plates. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1904, volume v. The cover title reads: Rules I of the I thirtieth | general | assembly | of Iowa | 1 1904 1 1 Bernard Murphy, state printer | Legislative docaments | submitted to the | Thirty-first General As- sembly I of the I state of Iowa | Which Convened at Des Moines, January 8, 1906. ( ( Albert B. Cummins, Governor | John Herriott, - Lieutenant Governor and President of the Senate | W. B. Martin, Secretary of State | B. F. Carroll, Audi- tor of State I G. S. Gilbertson, Treasurer of State | John F. Riggs, — Superintendent of Public Instruction | Charles W. Mullan, Attorney-General | George W. Clarke, - Speaker of the House of Representatives | | volume i. | | Des Moines: | Ber- nard Murphy, state printer, | 1906. | Half sheep, octavo in size and fold, various paging. Contents: Bienaial message of Albert B. Cummins. Biennial report of the Auditor of State. Biennial report of the Treasurer of State of Iowa. Report by the Governor of Iowa of pardons, suspensions, and commutations of sentence and remission of fines. Report of the Secretary of State relating to criminal convic- tions. Report of the Secretary of State to the Governor of Iowa of the transac- tions of the Land Department. Report of the Custodian of public buildings and property. The index states that the Govemor^s Inaugural address is included but the same does not appear in the volumes examined. Legislative doouments | submitted to the | Thirty-first General As- sembly I of the I state of Iowa | Which Convened at Des Moines, Jan- ury 8, 1906. | | Albert B. Cummins, Governor | John Herriott, - Lieutenant Governor and President of the Senate | W. B. Martin, Secretary of State | B. F. Carroll, Au- ditor of State I G. S. Gilbertson, Treasurer of State | John F. Riggs, Superintendent of Public Instruction | Charles W. MuUan, Attorney-General | George W. Clarke, - Speaker of the House of Representatives ( | volume ii. | 1 Des Moines: Bernard Murphy, state printer, | 1906. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 347 Half sheep, ootayo in size and fold, varions paging. Contents: Twenty-seventh annual report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners for the year ending June 80, 1004. Twenty-eighth annual report of the Board of Railroad Commissioners for the year ending June 80, 1906. Thirty-fourth annual report of the assessed valuation of railroad property, 1906, with a statement of the assessment of express property. Thirty-fifth annual report of the assessed valua- tion of railroad, equipment, and express companies* property, 1906. Iowa Weather and Crop Service annual report for 1004; also for 1906. The index states that the telephone and telegraph assessments for 1906 and 1906 are included but the copies seen have instead the Iowa Weather and Crop Service reports for 1904 and 1906. Legislative documents | submitted to the { Thirty-first General As- sembly I of the I state of Iowa | Which Convened at Des Moines, January 8, 1906. | 1 Albert B. Cummins, Governor | John Herriott, - Lieutenant Governor and President of the Senate | W. B. Martin, Secretary of State | B. F. Carroll, Auditor of State | G. S. Gilbertson, Treasurer of State | John F. Riggs, — Superintendent of Public Instruction | Charles W. Mul- lan, Attorney-General | George W. Clarke, - Speaker of the House of Representatives | | volume iii. | | Des Moines: I Bernard Murphy, state printer, | 1906. | Half sheep, octavo in size and fold, various paging. Contents: Biennial report of the Adjutant General, 1906. . Fifth biennial report of the Attorney-General. Thirtieth biennial report of the State Libra- rian, 1905. Seventh biennial report of the Historical Department of Iowa, 1906. Twenty-fifth biennial report of the Board of Curators of The State Historical Society of Iowa, 1905. Twenty-fourth biennial report of The State University of Iowa, 1905. Twenty-first biennial report of the Iowa State College of Agricul- ture and Mechanic Arts, 1905. Fifteenth biennial report of the Iowa State Normal School, 1905. Legislative documents | submitted to the | Thirty-first General As- sembly I of the I state of Iowa | Which Convened at Des Moines, Jan- uary 8, 1906. I 1 Albert B. Cummins, Governor | John Herriott, - Lieutenant Governor and President of the Senate | W. B. Martin, Secretary of State | B. F. Carroll, Auditor of State I G. S. Gilbertson, Treasurer of State | John F. Riggs, — Superintendent of Public Instruction | Charles W. Mul- lan, Attorney-General | George W. Clarke, - Speaker of 848 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS the House of Representatives | 1 volame iv. | 1 Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer, 1 1906. | Half sheep, octavo in size and fold, yarioos paging. Contents: Fourth biennial report of the Board of Control of State Institutions, 1904-1905. Sixteenth biennial report of the State Fish and Game Warden, 1904- 1906. Eleventh biennial report of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1903-1904. Legislative documents | submitted to the | Thirty-first General As- semblj I of the | state of Iowa | Which Convened at Des Moines, January 8, 1896. | | Albert B. Cummins, Governor | John Herriott, - Lieutenant Governor and President of the Senate | W. B. Martin, Secretary of State | B. F. Carroll, Auditor of State | G. S. Gilbertson, Treasurer of State | John F. Riggs, Superintendent of Public Instruction | Charles W. Mullan, Attorney-General | George W. Clarke, - Speaker of the House of Representatives | | volume v. | 1 Des Moines: I Bernard Murphy, state printer, | 1906. | Half sheep, octavo in size and fold, various paging. Contents: Department of Public Instruction, report, 1904-1906. Twelfth biennial report of the State Mine Incfpectors, 1904-1906. Thirteenth biennial report of the Commissioneis of Pharmacy, 1904-1906. Rules and standing committees of the Thirty-fiist General Assembly, 1906. Biennial report of the Inspectors of Oils, 1903-1906. Second report of the Iowa Libraiy Commission, 1903-1906. Eighteenth annual report of the State Dairy Commissioner, 1904. Nineteenth annual report of the State Dairy Commissioner, 1906. Report of the Inspectors of Steamboats, 1904. The index states that the report of the Veterinary Surgeon and the Report of the Board of Dental Examiners are included. They do not appear but the report of the Inspectors of Steamboats appears instead. Legislative documents | submitted to the | Thirty-first General As- sembly I of the I state of Iowa | Which Convened at Des Moines, Jan- uary 8, 1906. I 1 Albert B. Cummins, Governor | John Herriott, ~ Lieutenant Governor and President of the Senate | W. B. Martin, Secretary of State | B. F. Carroll, Audi- tor of State I G. 8. Gilbertson, Treasurer of State | John F. ^^gg^y — Superintendent of Public Instruction | Charles W. Mullan, Attorney-General | George W. Clarke, - Speaker of the House of Representatives | | volume vi. | | Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer, | 1906. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 849 Half sheep, octavo in size and fold, yarioos paging. Contents: Thirty-sixth annual report of tfte Auditor of State on Insurance other than life, 1006, volume i. Thirty- sixth annual report of the Auditor of State on Insurance, 1905, volume ii, life. Legislative documents | submitted to the | Thirty-first General As- sembly I of the I state of Iowa | Whioh Convened at Des Moines, Jan- uary 8, 1906. I I Albert B. Cummins, -, Governor | John Herriott, - Lieutenant Governor and President of the Senate | W. B. Martin, Secretary of State | B. F. Carroll, Au- ditor of State I G. S. Gilbertson, Treasurer of State | John F. Riggs, — Superintendent of Public Instruction | Charles W. Mul- lan, Attorney-General | George W. Clarke, - Speaker of the House of Representatives | | volume vii. | | Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer, | 1906. | Half sheep, octavo in size and fold, various paging. Contents: Thirty-seventh annual report of the Auditor of State on Insurance other than life, 1906, volume i. ThirtynBeventh annual report of the Auditor of State on Insurance, 1906, voliune ii, life. OBOL06ICAL SURVEY Iowa I geological survey | volume xv. | | annual report, 1904, | with I accompanying papers. | 1 Frank A. Wilder, Ph. D., State Geologist. I T. £. Savage, Assistant State Geologist. | [seal] | Des Moines | Published for Iowa Geological Survey | 1905. Cloth, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i-vi], vii-viii, [1-3], 4-560, maps 10, plates i-vii, figures 1-51. Contents: Administrative reports. Mineral production in Iowa in 1904, by S. W. Beyer. Cement and cement materials of Iowa, by Edwin C. Eckel and H. F. Bain. Geology of Benton County, by T. E. Savage. The geology of Emmet, Palo Alto, and Pocahontas Counties, by Thomas H. Macbride. Geology of Jasper County, by Ira A. Williams. Geology of Clinton County, by Jon Andreas Udden. Geology of Eayette County, by T. E. Savage. Iowa I geological survey | volume xv. | | administrative reports I I Frank A. Wilder, Ph. D. , State Geologist. | T. E. Savage, Assistant State Geologist. | [seal] { Des Moines | Published for Iowa Geological Survey | 1905. Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-14, plate i. The title is on the cover. 350 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Mineral Production in Iowa | For 1904 | | by S. W. Beyer. [ I from Iowa geological savvey, vol. xv. | annual report, 1904, pp. 15-32. I [seal] | Des Moines | 1905 Paper, quarto in size, octayo in fold, pp. [16-17], 18-32. The title is on the cover. Cement and Cement materials | of Iowa. | | By Edwin C. Eckel and H. F. Bain. | | from Iowa geological survey, vol. xv. | an- nual report, 1904, pp. 33-124. | | Des Moines | 1905 | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [33-36], 36-124, plates ii-iii. The title is on the cover. Geology | of | Benton county | 1 by T. E. Savage. | | from Iowa geological survey, vol. xv. | annual report, 1904, pp. 125-225. Des Moines 1 1905 | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i], ii-iv, [126-127], 128-226, map, figures [i-iii], 1-16. The title is on the cover. Geology | of | Emmet, Palo Alto and Pocahontas ( counties | | by Thomas H. Macbride. | | from Iowa geological survey, vol. XV. I annual report, 1904, pp. 227-276. | | Des Moines | 1905 | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i], ii-iv, [227-229], 230-276, maps 3, plate IV, figures [i-iii], 16-18. The title is on the cover. Includes: **Fore8try notes for Emmet county'', by R. I. Cratty, pp 260-276. Geology | of | Jasper county | 1 by Ira A. Williams. | [ from Iowa geological survey, vol. xv. | annual report, 1904, pp. 277- 367. I I Des Moines | 1905 | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i], ii-iv, [277-279], 280-367, maps 2, plate v, figures [i-iii], 19^0. The title is on the cover. Geology | of | Clinton county | | by Jon Andreas Udden. I from Iowa geological survey, vol. xv. | annual report, 1904, pp. 369 -431. I I Des Moines 1 1905 | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i], ii-iv, [369-371], 372-431, maps 2, plates vi-vii, figuresp-iii], 31-32. The title is on the cover. Geology | of | Fayette county | | by T. E. Savage. | | from Iowa geological survey, vol. xv. | annual report, 1904, pp. 433-546. ! I Des Moines | 1905 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 361 Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i], ii-iv, [483-435], 436-560, maps 2, figures [i-iii], 33-51. The title is on the cover. Iowa geological survey | Supplementary Report 1 1908 | | the | grasses of Iowa | part ii | | Frauk A. Wilder, Ph. D., State Geologist I T. £. Savage, Assistant State Geologist | 1 Des Moines, Iowa I 1904 I Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-xi], xii-xiii, [xiv, 1], 2-436, plate, figures 1-270. Issued April 1, 1906. Contents: The descriptive and geographical study of the grasses of Iowa, by L. H. Pammel, Carleton R. Ball, and F. Lamson-Scribner. Physiography and geo- logy, by H. F. Bain. The ecological distribution of Iowa grasses, by L. H. Pam- mel. Geographical distribution of grasses, by L. H. Pammel. Partial bibliogra- pihy pertaining to grasses, by Harriette S. Kellogg and L. H. Pammel. Index, by K. £. Buchanan and Estelle D. Pogel. Iowa I geological survey | volume xvi | | annual report, 1906 | with I accompanying papers | | Frank A. Wilder, Ph. D., State Geologist I T. E. Savage, Assistant State Geologist | [seal] | Des Moines | Published for Iowa Geological Survey | 1906 | Cloth, octavo in fold, quarto in size, pp. [i-vi], vii-viii, [1], 2-673, plates i-viii, figures 1-78, maps 14. Contents: Fourteenth annual report of the State Geologist. Report of the As- sistant State Geologist. Mineral production in Iowa in 1905, by S. W. Beyer. Geology of Winneshiek County, by Samuel Calvin. The Plants of Winneshiek County, by B. Shimek. Geology of Clayton County, by A. G. Leonard. Geology of Bremer County, by W. H. Norton. Geology of Black Hawk County, by Mel- vin F. Arey. Geology of Franklin County, by Ira A. Williams. Geology of Sac and Ida Counties, by T. H. Macbride. Geology of Jackson County, by T. E. Savage. Iowa I geological survey | volume xvi | | administrative reports I I Frank A. Wilder, | Ph. D. State Geologist. | T. E. Savage, Assistant State Geologist. | [seal] | Des Moines | Published for Iowa Geological Survey | 1906 | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1], 2-16, plate i. The title is on the cover. Mineral Production in Iowa | For 1905 | | by S. W. Beyer | from Iowa geological survey, vol. xvi. | annual report, 1906 pp 17-36. I [seal] | Des Moines | 1906 Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [17-18], 19-36. The title is on the cover. 352 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Geology | of | Winneshiek county | | by Samaei Calvin. | | from Iowa Geological Survey, vol. xvi. | annual report, 1905 pp 37 -146. I [seal] | Des Moines 1 1906 | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i], il-iv, [87-38], 89-146, figures [1- iii], 1-18, maps 2. The title is on the cover. Flora I of | Winneshiek county | | by B. Shimek | | from Iowa geological survey, vol. xvi. | annual report, 1905 pp 147-211. I [seal] I Des Moines | 1906 | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. 147-224. The title is on the cover. Geology | of | Clayton county | 1 by A. G. Leonard | 1 from Iowa geological survey, vol. xri. | annual report, 1905 pp 218-317 j]807] I [seal] | Des Moines | 1906 | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i], ii-iv, [218-216], 216-307, . figures [i-iii], 19--87, plates ii-vi, maps 3. Geology | of | Bremer county | 1 by William Harmon Norton | from Iowa geological survey, vol. xvi. | annual report, 1905 pp 319-405. I [seal] | Des Moines | 1906 | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i], ii-iv, [819^21], 822-405, figures [i-iii], 88-47, maps 2. Geology | of | Black Hawk county | | by Melvin F. Arey | I from Iowa geological survey, vol. xvi. | annual report, 1905 pp 407-452. I [seal] | Des Moines | 1906 Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i], ii-iv, [407-409], 410-462, figures [i-iii], 48-51, plate vii, map. Geology | of | Franklin county | | by Ira A. Williams | | from Iowa geological survey, vol. xvi. | annual report 1905 pp 453-507. I [seal] | Des Moines | 1906 | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i], ii-iv, [453-465], 466-507, figures [i-iii], 62-61, maps 2. Geology | of | Sac and Ida counties | | by Thos. H. Macbride | I from Iowa geological survey, vol. xvi. | annual report, 1905 pp 509-562 I [seal] | Des Moines | 1906 Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i], ii-iv, [609-612], 618-662, figures [i-iii], 62-68, plate viii, maps 2. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 358 Geology | of | Jackson county | 1 by T. E. Savage | | from Iowa geological Barvey, vol. xvi. | annual report, 1905 pp 563-648. | [seal] I Des Moines | 1906 Paper, quarto in size, octayo in fold, pp. [i], il-iv, [568-665], 566-648, figures [i-iii], 64-78, maps 2. GOVEBNOB Biennial message | of | Albert B. Cummins | governor of the state of Iowa I to the | Thirtieth General Assembly | | January, 1904 I 1 printed by authority of the general assembly. | | Des Moines | B. Murphy, state printer 1 1904 Cloth, paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-S], 4-28. The cover and inner titles of the paper bound copies are practically identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, volume i. Inaugural address | of | Albert B. Cummins | governor of the state of Iowa I delivered | January 14, 1904 | | printed by order of the general assembly | | Des Moines | B. Murphy, state printer 1 1904 | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-8], 4-16. The cover and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume i. Report I by the | governor of Iowa | of | Pardons, Suspensions and Commutations of Sentence | and | Remissions of Fines | from | January 1, 1904, to December 31, 1905 | 1 Des Moines, Iowa | B. Murphy, state printer 1 1906 Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-5], 6-40. The cover and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume i. In the matter of the controversy be- 1 tween the Shiloh national military | park commission and the Iowa Shi- 1 loh commission relat- ing to inscrip- 1 tions upon the regimental monu- 1 ments of the 15th and 16th Iowa | volunteer infantry. | | Before the \ honorable sec- retary of war. I I proof and argument presented by | Albert B. Cummins, Governor of Iowa. Paper, quarto in size and fold, pp. [1], 2-59. The title is on the cover. Issued in 1904. State of Iowa. | executive department | ^^^^ | By The Governor: | a proclamation. 354 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Pamphlet, quarto in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-3]. Proclaims Noyember 8, 1004, as the day of general election. The text follows the title. State of Iowa | Exeoutive Department | By the Governor: | a proc- lamation. Broadside, dated June 7, 1004, proclaiming June 17, 1004, as Iowa day at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition. A procla | mation | by the | governor | Thanks | giving 1 1004 Iowa | Pamphlet, folio in size, quarto in fold by insertion, pp. [1-8]. A I Proclamation | by the | governor | [out] | Thanksgiving 1 1005 | Pamphlet, folio in size, quarto in fold by insertion, pp. [1-8]. HBALTH, STATE BOARD OF Thirteenth report | of the | Board of Health | of the | state of Iowa | for the I period ending June 30, 1006 | [seal] | Des Moines | B. Marphy, state printer 1 1006 | Cloth, octavo in size and fold, [1-11], 12-280, portraits, plates, figures. An ordinance | for the | Protection of the Public | Health | recom- mended for adoption by the | cities and towns of Iowa | [cut] | Circular No. 4 I issued by | Iowa state board of health ( 1004 | | revised edition | 4 - 15 - '04-2000 | Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-2], 3-16. Rules and regulations | -for the- 1 Protection of the Public | Health I -and for the- | Restriction and Prevention of | Contagious Diseases I [cut] I Circular No. 1 1 | Revised and Issued by the | Iowa State Board of Health | January 31, 1005 | Pamphlet, octavo in size, 18mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-36. Iowa Health Bulletin | published monthly at Des Jtfoines, Iowa, by I the state boavd of health | Josiah Forrest Kennedy, Editor | Circula- tion 7,400 Copies | Entered July 17, 1002, as Second-Class Itfatter, Postoffice at Des Jtfoines, Iowa, Act of | Congress of July 16, 1804. | izzz J Vol. XVII Des Moines, June, 1003 No. 1 ( z=z | The title to the first issue of volume zvii. The text follows. The issues for the volume are numbers 1-12, pp. [1], 2-200, June, 1003-June, 1004. The issues for February-March, 1004, are combined. Each number has 16 pages, except number 0 which has 24 pages, and all are octavo in size. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 355 Iowa Health Bulletin | pablished monthly at Des Moines, Iowa, by I the state board of health | Josiah Forrest Kennedy, Editor | Cir- culation 7,800 Copies. | Entered July 17, 1902, as Second-Class Mat- ter, Postoffice at Des Moines, Iowa, Act of | Congress of July 16, 1894 |zzzz| Vol. XVIII Des Moines, July, 1904 No. 1 The title to the first issue of Yolume xviii. The text follows. The issues for the Yolome are numbers 1-12, pp. [1], 2-192, July, 1904-JuDe, 1906. Each num- ber Is octavo in size and of 16 pages. Iowa Health Bulletin | published monthly at Des Moines, Iowa, by I the state board of health | Josiah Forrest Kennedy, Editor | Circula- tion, 11,000 Copies I Entered July 17, 1902, as Second-Class Matter, Postoffice at Des Moines, Iowa, Act of | Congress of July 16, 1894 | Vol. XIX Des Moines, July, 1 906 No. 1 1 = | The title to the first issue of volume xix. The text follows. The issues for the volume are numbers 1-12, pp. [1], 2-192, July, 1906-June, 1906. Each niun- ber is octavo in size and of 16 pages. HIGHWAY COMMISSION First annual report | of the | Iowa state highway commission | made to I The Governor of Iowa | | For the Year Ending July 1, 1906 I I A. Marston | C. F. Curtiss | | Thos. H. MacDonald, As- sistant I I printed by order of general assembly | | Des Moines, Iowa | B. Murphy, state printer | 1905 Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-74, figures 1-26. The above is the inner title. The cover title reads: First annual report | of the | Iowa state highway commission | made to | The Governor of Iowa | | For the Year Ending July 1, 1906 | 1 printed by order of general assembly | 1 Des Moines, Iowa | B. Murphy, state printer | 1906 Manual | for | Iowa highway officers | by the | Iowa highway com- mission I I A. Marston, | Dean of Division of Engineering | C. F. Curtiss, I Dean of Division of Agriculture | T. H. MacDonald, | Assistant in Charge of Good Roads Investigation | Ames, Iowa | June, 1905| Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-102, figures 1-28. The above is the inner title. 356 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The cover title reads: Manual | for | Iowa Highway Officers | == | [cat] | Iowa highway commission | Ames, Iowa | June, 1906 | ' HISTOBICAL DEPARTMENT Seventh biennial report | of the | Historical Department of Iowa | made to the trustees | of the | State Library and Historical Depart- ment I October 81, 1906 | | By Charles Aldrich, Curator | 1 printed by order of the general assembly. | 1 Des Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer. | 1906. Paper, ootayo in size and fold, pp. [1-7], &-102, [108], portraits, plates. Included also in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume in. The I Annals of Iowa. | a historical quarterly. | | volume six — third series. | | edited by | Charles Aldrich, A. M., | Curator of the Historical Department of Iowa; Corresponding Member of the State I Historical Society of Wisconsin; Corresponding Member of the Minnesota | Historical Society; Corresponding Member of the Washington | State Historical Society; Member of the American His- I torical Association; and one of the Founders of | the American Or- nithologists' Union. | 1 Published by the | Historical Department of Iowa. I Des Moines. 1 1903-6. Octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-ii], [1], 2-666, portraits, plates. Issued in quarterly numbers, April, 1908 to January, 1906. John Brown among the | Quakers, and other | sketches | by | Irving B. Richman | author of ''Appenzell, Rhode Island: its making | and its meaning," etc. | third edition | [cut] | Des Moines | the historical department of Iowa | 1904 Cloth, 16mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-10], 11-286, [286-288]. The first three lines of the title are printed in red ink. Thomas Drummond | Journalist — Statesman — Soldier | Cedar Rap- ids I published under the auspices of | the historical department of Iowa I 1904 Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-6], 6-16, [16], portrait, plate. The first two lines only of the above title appear on the cover. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 857 HOBTICULTUBAL SOCISTT Report I of the | Iowa State Hortioultaral Society | for the year 1904 containing the proceedings of the | Thirty-ninth Annual Session | held at | Des Moines, December 18, 14, 15, 16, 1904 | also transac- tions of the I Southeastern, Northwestern, Southwestern, and | North- eastern Horticultural Societies | | edited by the secretary | 1 Tolume XXXIX | published by order of the general assembly | 1 Des Moines | Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1905 | Cloth, octayo in size and fold, pp. [1-9], 10-541, portraits, plates. Report I of the | Iowa State Horticultural Society | for the year 1905 I containing the proceedings of the | Fortieth Annual Session | held at | Des Moines, December 12, 13, 14, 15, 1905 | also transactions of the I Southeastern, Northwestern, Southwestern, and | Northeastern Horticultural Societies | 1 edited by the secretary | | yolume XL I published by order of the general assembly | | Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1906 | Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-9], 10-494, plates. Bulletin of the Iowa state horticultural society | 1 the | proceed- ings I of the I Iowa park and forestry | association | 1 third annual meeting | Des Moines, Iowa, December 7-8 1 1903 | 1 Iowa City, Iowa I published by the association | 1904 | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-iii], iv-xiii, [ziv, 1-3], 4-178, portrait, plates. The cover title reads: Bulletin of the Iowa state horticultural society | ^= | == | Proceedings of | the Iowa park | and forestry | association | == | [cut] | == | Third Annual Meet- ing I Des Moines, Iowa | December 7th & 8th, 1908 | == | [cut] |== | published by the association | Nineteen Hundred and Four | == | ^=- \ Bulletin of the Iowa state horticultural society | 1 the | proceed- ings I of the I Iowa park and forestry | association | 1 fourth annual meeting | Des Moines, Iowa, December 12-18 1 1904 | 1 Iowa City, Iowa I published by the association 1 1905 Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-iii], iv-zvii, [xviii, 1-8], 4-117, portraits, plates. The cover title reads: 358 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS ^^ I = I bulletin of the Iowa state | horticultural society | == | == | Pro- ceedings of I the Iowa park | and forestry | association | == | == | Fourth An- nual Meeting | Des Moines, Iowa | December 12th & 18th, 1904 1 z^= \ ==| published by the association | Nineteen Hundred and Five | ==: | ^= | Bulletin of the Iowa state hortioultural sooiety | 1 the | pro- ceedings I of the I Iowa park and forestry | association | 1 fifth an- nual meeting I Des Moines, Iowa, December 11, 12 | 1905 | 1 Iowa City, Iowa | published by the association 1 1906 | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-iii], iv, [v-vi, 1], 2-183, portrait, plates. The cover title reads: bulletin of the Iowa state | horticultural society | | | pro- ceedings of I the Iowa park | and forestry | association | 1 | fifth annual meeting | Des Moines, Iowa | December 11th and 12th, 1906 | | | publish- ed by the association | nineteen himdred and six | 1 ^^ | HOSPITAL FOB INSANE, CHBBOKEE Cherokee state hospital | and | hospital for inebriates | Cherokee, Iowa. I 1 second biennial report | period ending | June 30, 1906. | [cut] I M. N. Voldeng, saperintendent. | 1 Cherokee state hospital I press 1 1906 Paper, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [i-z, 1], 2-64. The cover and inner titles are identical. HOSPITAL FOB INSANE, CLABINDA Biennial | Report of the Saperintendent | of the | Clarinda State Hospital I at Clarinda, Iowa | to the board of control | of state insti- tutions I [cut] I 1 for the period ending June 30, 1906. | 1 Olen- wood I institution press 1 1906 | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-6], 7-44. The cover and inner titles are practically identical. HOSPITAL FOB INSANE, INDEPENDENCE The I Seventeenth Biennial Report | of the Superintendent | Of the Iowa State Hospital for the Insane | At Independence, to the Board of I Control of State Institutions for | The Period Ending | June 80, 1906. I Wi P. Crumbacker\ Superintendent \[IW^] Paper, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [i-vi, 1], 2-79. The cover and inner titles are identical. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 859 HOSPITAL FOB INSANE, MOUNT PLBASANT Twenty-third biennial report | Of the Mount Pleasant State Hospi- tal, and the Second | Biennial Report of the Hospital for Inebriates at I Mount Pleasant, to the Board of Control | Of State Institutions, for the I Period Ending June | 30, 1905. | C. F. ApplegaUj \ Superin- tendent \[1906]\ Paper, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [i-viii, 1], 2-88. The cover and inner titles are identical. HOUSB OF BEPBESBNTATIVES Journal of the house | of the | Thirtieth Oeneral Assembly | of the I state of Iowa | which convened at the capitol at Des Moines | January 11, 1904. I I Des Moines | Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1904 | Half sheep, paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-iii], iv-zzzi, [zzzii], [1], 2- 1584. The cover and inner titles of the paper bonnd copies are identical. INDUSTBIAL SCHOOL FOB GIBL8 Superintendent's Biennial Report | Of the Iowa State Industrial School for Girls at | Mitohellville, to the Board of Control of | State Institutions, for the | Period ending June | 30, 1905. | F. P. Fitzgerald, Superintendent \ [1905 or 1906] Paper, octavo in size, fol^o in fold, pp. [i-iv, 1], 2-24. The cover and inner titles are identical. INSTITUTION FOB FBBBLE-MINDED CHILDBEN Fifteenth biennial | Report of the Superintendent | of the | Iowa in- stitution for I feeble-minded children | at Olenwood | to the board of control I of state institutions | [seal] | | for the period ending June 30, 1905. | 1 Glenwood | institution press 1 1905 | Paper, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 9-47, plates. The cover title differs only in having a floral cut for the seal. IOWA COMMISSION TO THE LOUISIANA PUBCHASE EXPOSITION Report I of the | Iowa commission | to the | Louisiana purchase | ex- position I St. Louis 1 1904 I I compiled and edited by | the secre- tary I Freeman R. Conaway | 1 [cut] | The Register and Leader Company | Des Moines 360 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-6], 6-418, portraits, plates. Issued in 1906. Iowa educational exhibit | Louisiana purchase exposition | St. Louis, 1904 I 1 cipcular no. 1 1 1 to the | Public, Private, and Paro- chial I schools of Iowa | 1 [cut] | Palace of Education. (See descrip- tion, page 8.) I 1 Printed by authority of the State | | B. Murphy, state printer | Pamphlet, quarto in size and fold, pp. [1], 2-8. Issued in 1904. Proof I Iowa Commission | Louisiana Purchase Exposition | St. Louis, 1904 I [cut] I Pamphlet, octavo in size, pp. [1-4]. Gives the officers, the law, rules of order, and committees of the commission. Issued in 1904. Bring this with you | Iowa week, | October 10th to 15th | [portraits, out of Iowa building] | Iowa commission | Louisiana purchase exposi- tion I St. Louis, 1904. 1 worlds fair, | St. Louis, Mo.y U. S. A. | Pamphlet, octavo in size, 16mo in fold, pp. [1-S2], portraits, plates, and map. A circular distributed to advertise the attractions of Iowa Week at the Louisiana , Purchase Exposition. Louisiana | purchase | Centennial | [cut] | dedication ceremonies | St. Louis. U. S. A. I April 30th and Itfay lst-2nd 1903. | Pamphlet, quarto in size and fold, of eight pages of cardboard sheets, inter- leaved. The State Of | Iowa | Something | of its history, | its institutions | its resources and | natural | advantages. | published by | Iowa Commission- ers I to the I Louisiana Purchase Exposition | copyright 1904 by the Iowa publ CO. Davenport, la. | Half bound or paper, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-5], 6-30, illustrated. Issued in the year 1904. The title on the cover of the paper bound copies reads: The state of | Iowa | 1 something | -of its- | history, its | institutions, | its resources, | -and- 1 natural | advantages. | | published by the | Iowa Commis- sioners I -to the- 1 Louisiana Purchase Exposition | The world's exposition | opens April 30th, closes December 1st | St. Louis, 1904 I [cut] I the Iowa building | Folio in size and fold, pp. [1-4]. Text follows the title. An advertising cir- cular issued by the commission in August, 1908. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 861 LABOB STATISTICS, BUBBAU OF Eleventh biennial report | of the | Bureau of Labor Statistics | for the I state of Iowa | 1 1903-1904 | 1 Edward D. Brigham I commissioner | | [cut] | Des Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer | 1905 Cloth or paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [1-9], 10-460. The coyer and in- ner titles are identical in the paper bound copies. Also included in Iowa Docu- ments, 1906, yolume it. Contents: Factory inspection. Graded wages and salaries. New industries for Iowa. Trade unions in Iowa. Immigration. Wage earners of Iowa. Rail- road employes of Iowa. Wage scales and trade agreements between employers and employes in Iowa. Iowa manufactures. Labor laws of Iowa. Twelfth report | of the | Bureau of Labor Statistics | for the | state of Iowa I Under Act of the Thirty-first General Assembly | 1 for the year 1905 | 1 Edward D. Brigham, Commissioner | 1 [cut] I Des Moines | Emory H. English, state printer 1 1907 Cloth, paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [1-5], 6-272. The coyer and inner titles are identical in the paper bound copies. Contents: Factory inspection. Graded wages and salaries. New industries for Iowa. Inmiigration. Wage earners of Iowa. Railroad employes of Iowa. Employers^ statistical table. Canning industry of Iowa. LIBBABT COMMISSION Quarterly | =of the= | Iowa Library Commission | 1 vols. 1-4 1 1901-1904 I I Des Moines | The issues for January, April, July, and October, 1904, belong to the biennial period under consideration. These issues make up yolume four and are paged [1], 2-64, with plates. Each issue is an octayo or quarto in size, octayo in fold and of sixteen pages each. ^■^ I Quarterly of the Iowa { library commission | ^^^ \ a circular of library information | | Volume 5. Des Moines, Iowa, January, 1905. Number 1. | | The aboye is the sub-title of yolume 5, no. 1. No general title to the yolume has been issued. The issues are for January, April, July, and October, 1905. Each number is a quarto in size, octayo in fold, and of sixteen pages each. Check list | of the | publications | of the { state of Iowa. | | with an index to the Iowa documents. | { prepared under the supervi- sion I of the I Iowa library commission | as authorized by the | execu- 362 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS tive oouncil of Iowa. | 1 Lavinia Steele, Compiler. | | Des Moines | B. Murphy, state printer | 1904 Cloth, paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-8], 4-65. The cover and inner titles of the paper bound copies are identical. Second report | of the | Iowa Library Commission 1 1908-1905 jPublished by Authority of the General Assembly | | Des Moines I B. Murphy state printer 1 1906 Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-5], 6-26. Also included in Iowa Docu- ments, 1906, volume v. List of Books | in the | Traveling Libraries | of the | State of Iowa | [cut] I Iowa Library Commission | Des Moines 1 1904 | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-4], 5-112. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: Traveling Libraries | of the | State of Iowa | [cut] | Iowa Library Commission | Des Moines 1 1904 | 1 list of books I =by=: | Iowa authors | | Collected by the Auxiliary Committee | of the Iowa Commission, Louisiana | Purchaae Exposition, for the Exhibit | of Books by Iowa Authors in the Iowa I State Building, St. Louis, 1904 ::::::: | | Published by | Iowa library commission | Des Moines Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-4], 5-80. The cover title reads: = I List of Books | by | Iowa Authors | [cut] | = | Iowa summer school | for library training | | a department of the summer session | of | the state university | at | Iowa City | 1 June 18 [20] to July 30 | 1904 | 1 under the auspices of | the Iowa library commission | 1 Pamphlet, 12mo in size, 6mo in fold, pp. [1-5], d-11. Statistics | of | Iowa libraries | for 1905 | [cut] | compiled by | Iowa library commission | Des Moines, Iowa | Pamphlet, 12mo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1], 2-6. MINE INSPECTORS Twelfth biennial report | of the | state mine inspectors | for the | Two Years Ending June 30. 1905, | to the | governor of the state of BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 868 Iowa. I I printed by order of the general assembly | 1 Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer. 1 1905. Paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [1-6], d-111. The cover and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume v. FBNITBNTIABT, ANAMOSA The I Seventeenth Biennial Report | of the Warden | Of the Peni- tentiary at Anamosa, | To the Board of Control of State | Institations for the Period | Ending June 30, 1905. | William A. SiirUer\ Warden I 7%€ Prison JPresa^ Anamosa, Iowa. \ Paper, octavo in size, folio ia fold, pp. [i-iv, 1], 2-51, plates. The above is the cover title, the inner title omits the last line. PENITENTIABT, FOBT MADISON Warden's Biennial Report | Of the Penitentiary at Fort Madison, Iowa, I to the Board of Control of State Insti- 1 tutions, for the Period ending | June 30, 1905. | iV. Ni Jones \ Warden \ Paper, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [i-iv, 1], 2-36. The cover and inner titles are identical. PHABMACY COMMISSION Thirteenth Biennial Report | of the | Commissioners of Pharmacy I for the I state of Iowa. | 1 1905. | 1 printed by order of the general assembly. | | Des Moines. | B. Murphy, state printer. | 1905. Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-5], 6-184. The cover and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume v. PIONEEB LAWMAKEBS' ASSOCIATION Pioneer | Lawmakers' Association | of Iowa. | | reunion of 1904, I held at Des Moines, March 9 and 10, 1904. | | ninth biennial session. | 1 published by authority of the state of Iowa. | 1 Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer, | 1904. Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-5], 6-102, portraits. The cover and inner titles are identical. PUBLIC IN8TBUCTI0N Advance sheets | of the | biennial report | of the | superintendent | of I public instruction. | | Iowa. | 1 statistics for 1904. | 1 864 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS John F. RiggB, | Superintendent of Public Instruotion. | 1 Dea Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer. 1 1904. | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-2], 8-44. The title is on the cover. Biennial report | of the | Superintendent Public Instruction | of the | state of Iowa | | November 1, 1905 | John F. Riggs | superintend- ent of public instruction | 1 Printed by Order of the General Assembly | | Des Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer 1 1905 | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-ii, 1-5], 6-180, [i-ii, 1-2], 8-807, plates. The title is on the cover. There is no inner title. The snbstitate for title on page [1] is merely a directory of the department of public instruction and does not contain the essential statements for a title. Included also in the same defec- tive way in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume v. Catalogue | of | library books | for | school districts of Iowa | | recommended by | The State Board of Educational Examiners I Issued by the Department of Public Instruction 1 1904 | jDes Moines | B. Murphy, state printer 1 1904 | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-8], 4-284. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: List of library books | recommended by the state board | of educational examiners for the | State of Iowa 1 1900 - - 1002 - - 1904 | 1 Issued by the Department of Public Instruction | 1 state board of educational examiners. | John F. Riggs | Superintendent Public Instruction and President Board of Examiners | George E. MacLean President Iowa State University I Homer H. Seerley President Iowa State Normal School 1 0. J. McManua Coimty Superintendent Pottawattamie County | Mrs. Alice Altona Des Moines | Iowa I Educational Directory | for the school year | commencing September, 1904 | | issued by the | department of public instruc- tion I November 14, 1904 | 1 Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer! ^^^^* I Paper, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-2], 3-78, [74]. The cover title reads: Iowa I Educational | Directory | School | Year 1 1004-1906. | Amendments I to the | School Laws of 1902, | As Enacted by the Thirtieth | General Assembly. | | Published by the Superintend- ent of Public Instruction, in | Conformity with Section 2624, for BIBLIOGRAPHY OP IOWA PUBLICATIONS 865 Distribution to | School Officers and Boards of Directors. | | Des Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer. 1 1904. | Pamphlet, octavo in size, quarto and folio in fold, pp. [1-4], 6-12. Institute manual | containing | Course of Study for Teachers | together with I working plans and suggestions | for | Iowa normal institutes | 1904 I I department of public instruction | Des Moines, Iowa | Des Moines | Bernard Murphy, state printer | 1904 Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-6], 6-98. The cover title reads: Manual | 1 for | Iowa Normal Institutes | | containing | Course of Study for Teachers | = together with 1 Working Plans and Suggestions | and | One Hundred Questions | on the Hand-Book for Iowa Schools | 1 second edition I Issued by the Department of Public Instruction | | John F. Riggs | superin- tendent of Public instruction | | Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1904 I Directions and suggestions | for | preparing | the | annual report | of the I county superintendent | | issued by the | department of pub- lic instruction | John F. Riggs | superintendent of public instruction Des Moines | Bernard Murphy, state printer | 1905 Pamphlet, octavo in size, pp. [i-vii], 4-14. An insert containing supplemen- tary directions comprises pp. [iii-vi]. Regulations concerning | State Diplomas, State Certificates, Two Year State Certificates, | Primary State Certificates; Also Special State Certificates | for | teachers of drawing, music and penmanship. | board of educational examiners. | [six lines] | Des Moines, Iowa, June 1905 I Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-8], 4-18. Iowa I Educational Directory | for the school year | commencing September, 1905 | | issued by the | department of public instruc- tion I November 25, 1905 | 1 Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1905. | Paper, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-96. The cover title reads: Iowa Educational | Directory | ^^ | School Year 1906-1906 | Pages from | biennial report | of the | Superintendent of Public In- 366 IOWA JOURNAL OP HISTORY AND POLITICS straction | of the | state of Iowa | | November 1, 1905 | John P. Riggs | Superintendent of Public Instruction | 1 Des Moines I B. Murphy, state printer | 1905 | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-6], 6-65. The title is on the cover only. Conditions and Needs | =of z= | Iowa Rural Schools. | 1 1. Coun- try Schools Statistics. | 2. The Country School Problem. | 3. Present Status of Consolidation. | 4. One Phase of the Teacher Problem. | 5. School Buildings and Grounds. | | John F. Riggs, | Superintend- ent of Public Instruction. | 1905. |Des Moines: |B. Murphy, state printer. | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-8], 4-81, plates, figures 1-12. The cover and inner titles are identical. Flag day | ^^ | [portrait of Washington] | Iowa public schools I February 22, 1904 | issued by the department of education | John F. I^iggs, Supt. of Public Instruction Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-8], 4-29, [80-82]. The title is on the cover. Manual for | special day | exercises | 1904 | [out] | Issued by the De- partment of Public Instruction 1 for use in the Schools of Iowa for the years 1 1904 and 1905. | [cut] | John F. Riggs | superintendent of public instruction | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-8}; 4-87. Plate, ^^Landing of the Pilgrims.** The cover title reads: Special Days | Iowa Public Schools | 1904 | ==| [cut] | == | Arbor Day, April 29th | Memorial Day, May 80th | Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 24th | == | issued by the department of education | John F. Riggs | superintendent of public instruction | = | B. Murphy, state printer | Proposed law | governing the examination | and | certification of teachers | issued by the | Department of Public Instruction | 1 1905 I I Des Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer | 1905 | Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-5], 0-15. Regulations Ooveming Uniform Examinations for | Teachers' County Certificates. | | Pamphlet, 12mo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1], 2-4. The text follows the title. Issued December 1, 1904. BIBLIOGRAPHY OP IOWA PUBLICATIONS 867 BAILBOAD COMMISSIONEBS Twenty-seyenth annual report | of the | Board of Railroad Conunis- sioners | for the | year ending June 30, 1904. | | state of Iowa. | printed by order of the general assembly. | | Des Moines: Bernard Murphy, state printer. | 1905. Cloth, octayo in size and fold, pp. [1-8], 4-447. Also included in Iowa Docu- ments, 1906, volume ii. Twenty-eighth annual report | of the | Board of Railroad Commis- sioners I for the I year ending June 30, 1905 | | state of Iowa. | printed by order of the general assembly | | Des Moines: Bernard Murphy, state printer. |1905. Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-448. Also included in Iowa Docu- ments, 1906, volume ii. Iowa Classification No. 13 | taking effect March 1, 1905.) | with which is incorporated the schedule of | Reasonable Maximum Rates of Charges | for the transportation of | freight and cars, | and | classi- fication of railroads. | | prepared by the board of railroad com- missioners of the state of Iowa, in | accordance with the laws of the state. I Paper, quarto in size and fold, pp. [i-ii], iii-vii, [viii, 1], 2-170. The cover title reads: State of Iowa | | schedule of reasonable | maximum rates of chaiges | for the transportation of | freight and cars | On Each of the Railroads of the State of Iowa,. I Together with a | classification of freights. | | Prepared by the Bail- road Commissioners, in Accordance with the Laws of the State. | 1 taking effect March 1, 1906. | SCHOOL FOB THB DBAF Twenty-sixth biennial report | of the | superintendent | of the | Iowa School for the Deaf | -at- | Council Bluffs | to the | board of control of state institutions | \for the period ending June SOthy 1906 \ ] Iowa school for the deaf press 1 1906 Paper, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [i-iv, 1], 2-80. The cover and inner titles are identical. SBCBETABY OF STATB Nineteenth year. | Iowa | official | Register | published by the | Sec- retary of State I By Order of | The General Assembly. 1 1904. 868 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Cloth, boards, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i-iii], iv-xxxiy, [1-3], 4-618, portrait of F. M. Drake, plates. A second inner title reads: Iowa I Official | Register ... | [cut] 1 Compiled by | W. B. Martin | Secretary of State I Bernard Murphy, state printer | The title on the cover of the board bound copies reads: Iowa I Official Register 1 1904 | Contents: Iowa in history. Descriptive. Government. Elections. School system. System of taxation. State institutions, etc. Part I: Declaration of Independence. Articles of Confederation. Constitution of the United States. Citizenship and naturalization of Aliens. Organic law of Iowa. Admission of Iowa into the Union. Constitution of Iowa. Register of territorial and state officers. U. S. senators, congressmen, and cabinet officers from Iowa. Part IE: State and district officers. Part III: Board of Control. State institutions. Iowa national guard. County officers. Part IV: National election, 1000. Party plat- forms. Statistics. Part V: Election statistics of the state election, 1908. Party platforms. Vote by precincts. Official vote by counties. Vote for senators and representatives. Vote for congressmen, 1896-1902 Vote for judges, district court, 1902. Part VI: Transactions of the Executive Council for the year 1908, compiled by A. H. Davison, Secretary of the Executive Council under provisions of section 167 of the code of 1897. Part VU: National and state governments. Register of Presidents, cabinet, and other officers, 1787 to 1904. Governments of new possessions. Part VIII: U. S. census statistics, 1900. Census returns for Iowa, 1900. Miscellaneous statistics. Twentieth year. | Iowa | official | Register | published by the | Secre- tary of State I By Order of | The Oeneral Assembly. | 1905. | Boards, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i-v], vi, [1-8], 4-628, portrait of L. M. Shaw, plates. The second inner title reads: Iowa I Official | Register ... | [cut] | Compiled by | W. B. Martin | Secretary of State I The cover title reads: Iowa I Official | Register 1 1906 1 Contents: Part I: Declaration of Independence. Articles of Confederation. Constitution of the United States. Citizenship and naturalization of Aliens. Organic law of Iowa. Admission of Iowa into the Union. Constitution of Iowa. Register of Territorial and State officers. U. S. senators, congressmen, and cabinet officers from Iowa. Part II: Executive, legislative, and judicial departments of Iowa. Part III: Board of Control. State institutions. Iowa national guard. Coimty officers. Part IV: Political parties, platforms, committees, and statistics of the general election, 1904. Vote by precincts. Official vote by counties. Vote for senators and representatives. Vote for congressmen, 1898-1904. Popular vote and electoral vote for President by states, 1900-1904. Part V: Transactions of the Executive Coimcil for the year 1904, compiled by A. H. Davison, secretary BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 869 of Executive Council, under provisions of section 167 of the code of 1807. Part VI: National and state governments; Register of presidents, cabinet, and other officers, 1787 to 1904. Government of new possessions. Part VII: Census returns, 1900. Postoffices in Iowa. National, state, and savings banks. Statistics of Iowa Libraries. Miscellaneous statistics. Report I of the | secretary of state | relating to | criminal convic- tions I of the I state of Iowa fot the year ending September 80, 1904. | and the year ending September 30, 1905. | | W. B. Martin, Sec- retary of State. I 1 Des Moines. | B. Murphy, state printer. 1 1905. | Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-4], 5-164. Also included in Iowa Docu- ments, 1906, volume i. Report I of the | Secretary of State | to the | Governor of Iowa, | of the I Transactions of the Land Department, | July 1, 1903, to June 30, 1905. I I W. B. Martin, Secretary of State. | 1 Des Moines: | B. Murphy, state printer. | 1905. Cloth, octavo insize andfold, pp. [i~iii], iv-x, [1], 2-45, [46-47]. Also included in Iowa Documents, 190^, volume i. Laws of Iowa | relating to | drainage | | Published in accord- ance with the provi- 1 sions of a concurrent resolution adopted | by the Thirtieth General Assembly. | | compiled by | W. B. Martin, Secretary of State | 1 Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state print- er, I 1904. I Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1], 2-86. The title is on the cover. Thirtieth | General | Assembly | of Iowa | [cut] | Convenes \ Monday | January 11 \ 190 i \ [cut] | Compiled by W. B. Martin | Secretary of State I Dee Moines \ Paper, 16mo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8]. The title is on the cover. Biennial report | of | Inspectors of Oils | 1 1903-1905 | | compiled by | W. B. Martin, Secretary of State. | 1 printed by order of the general assembly. | 1 Des Moines | Bernard Murphy, state printer | 1905 | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-8], 4-39. The cover and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume v. Iowa Official Table for 1904. | 1 Thirty-eighth Annual Publioa- 870 IOWA JOURNAL OP HISTORY AND POLITICS tion — — Compiled by W. B. Martin, Secretary of State. | where not otherwise stated, the postoffice address of state officers is Des Moines. Broadside, 17x14. Corporation laws | of the | state of Iowa | | compiled by | W. B. Martin | secretary of state | | Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy , state printer | 1005 | Pamphlet, oblong octayo in size, lOmo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-20. SBNATE Journal of the senate | of the | Thirtieth Oeneral Assembly | of the I state of Iowa | which convened at the capitol at Des Moines | Janu- ary 11, 1904. I I Des Moines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer, | 1904. Half sheep, paper, octayo in size and fold, pp. [i-iii], iy-xzxi, [xzxii, 1], 2- 1862. The coyer and inner titles of the paper bound copies are identical. SOLDIBBS' HOMB Biennial | Report of the Commandant | C. C. Horton, | of the | Iowa soldiers' home | at Marshalltown|to the board of control] of state in- stitutions I [cut] I |for the period ending June 30, 1905. | 1 Glen wood | institution press 1 1905 Paper, octayo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-7], 8-56, plates. The coyer and inner titles are identical SOLDIEBS' OBFHANS' HOMB Twenty-first biennial | Report of the Superintendent | F. J. Sessions, I of the I Iowa soldiers' orphans' home | at Davenport, | to the board of control I of state institutions | [cut] | 1 for the period ending June 80, 1905. 1 1 Glenwood | institution press 1 1906 Paper, octayo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-4], 5-39. The cover and inner titles are identical. STATB COLLBGB OF AGBICULTURB AND MBCHANIC ARTS Twenty-first biennial report | of the | Iowa State College of Agri- culture I and Mechanic Arts | made to | the governor of Iowa | For the Biennial Period | July 1, 1908 to June 30, 1905 | 1 Des Moines, Iowa I B. Murphy, state printer 1 1906 BIBLIOGRAPHY OP IOWA PUBLICATIONS 871 Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-6], 0-103. The cover and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1900, volume iii. Vol. I bulletin Iowa state college No. 1 1 | an illustrated com- pendium I o/ ^A6 1 Iowa State College of Agricul- 1 ture and the Me- chanic Arts I == I [cut] I Dedicated to the ]tf emory of President | W. M. Beardsbear. | << Names make but little. It is not what you call the institution, but what it | calls to yon, that makes it great." — Beardshear. | | 1903 Ames, Iowa 1903 | | published by Iowa state college, Ames, Iowa, at least four numbers are | issued each year, entered at the postoffice at Ames, Iowa, | as second class matter. Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-7], 8-79, [80], poitrait, plates. The cover title reads: 1903 1 == I Iowa state college | o/ agriculture arid \ the mechanic arts | I [cut] I =^ I Ames, Iowa | == | Iowa state college| of | agriculture | and | the me- chanic arts I zzzi I catalog 1902-1903 |zizz| * 'science with practice"! 1 903 1 by the college | Ames | Paper, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-6], 0-345, [340]. The cover title reads: Bulletin, Iowa state college | vol. i, no. 2. June, 1903 1 = | catalog | Iowa State College | Ames, Iowa 1 190^1903 1 == | published by the college, at least four num- 1 bers during every calendar year, entered | at the post office, Ames, Iowa, as second class | matter. | Rules I of the | faculty | | codified August, 1905 | 1 Iowa state college | Ames, Iowa. | Paper, lOmo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-2], 3-14. The cover and inner titles are identical. Bulletin | .... of the .... | Iowa state college | .... of ... | agriculture I .... and.... I the mechanic arts | | catalogue number | Itfarch, 1904 I I ** science with practice." | Paper, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-5], 0-381, [382-383]. The cover title reads: Vol. n bulletin No. 2 | 1 Iowa State College | of\ Agriculture | and tA« Me- chanic Arts I catalog number | March, 1904 | Ames, Iowa | == | published by the Iowa state college of agriculture and the | mechanic arts, Ames, Iowa, quarterly 872 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS in March, June, September | and December, each year, admitted at the poet office at Ames, | Iowa, as second class matter. I Vol. Ill bulletin of the No. 1. | Iowa State College of Agri- cnl- 1 tare and the Meohanio Arts | oompendium number | | De- cember, 1904 I I [quotation ten lines] | | Ames, Iowa | 1 published by the Iowa state college of agriculture and the mechanio arts, Ames, Iowa | quarterly in December, March, June and Septem- ber each year, entered at the post | office at Ames, Iowa, as second class matter. Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1], 2-80, illustrated. The cover title reads: == I vol. Ill bulletin no. 1 1 == | Iowa state college | of | agriculture | and the | mechanic | arts | != | [cut] [ [ compendium number | December 1 1004 1 Ames, Iowa I == I Bulletin Notice March 1904 | | Iowa Experiment Station | Ames, Iowa Broadside, dated, March 17, 1904. Bulletin 74. January 1904. | experiment station, | | Iowa state college | of agriculture and mechanic arts. | Ames, Iowa. | | chemical section. | | breakfast foods. | (popular edition of bulle- tin no 74.) I I Ames, Iowa, | Intelligencer printing house, | 1904. I Pamphlet, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [99-101], 102-106. Bulletin 74. January 1904. | experiment station, | 1 Iowa state college I of agriculture and mechanic arts. | Ames, Iowa. | | chem- ical section. | 1 breakfast foods. | | Ames, Iowa, | Intelli- gencer printing house, | 1904. | Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [99-101], 102-114. Bulletin 75 March, 1004 | experiment station, | | Iowa state college I of agriculture and the mechanic arts. | Ames, Iowa. | | animal husbandry section. | 1 The Feeding Value of Soft Corn For I Beef Production | | press of | the Ames times | Ames, Iowa | Pamphlet, octavo in size, lOmo in fold, pp. [115-116], 117-183. Bulletin 76 March 1904 | experiment station | 1 Iowa state ool- BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 373 lege I of agricaltare and the mechanic arts | Ames, Iowa | 1 dairy section | | the moisture content | of butter and methods of | con- trolling it I — .- I Republican Printing Co. | Cedar Rapids, Iowa | 1904 I Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [135-187], 138-166, figures 1-6. Bulletin 11 April 1904 | experiment station | 1 Iowa state col- lege I of agriculture and the mechanic arts | Ames, Iowa | 1 agron- omy section | | selecting and preparing seed corn | 1 Repub- lican Printing Co. | Cedar Rapids, Iowa 1 1904 | Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [167-169], 170-234, figures 1-47. Bulletin IS May, 1904 | experiment station | | Iowa state col- lege I of agriculture and the mechanic arts | Ames, Iowa | | drain- age conditions in Iowa | | notes and tables on drainage | engi- neering I 1 Republican Printing Co. | Cedar Rapids, Iowa 1 1904 | Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [235-237], 238-263, figures 4. Bulletin 19 September, 1904 | experiment station, | |Iowa state college I of agriculture and mechanic arts. | Ames, Iowa. | 1 Animal husbandry section. | 1 Experiments in Beef Production. 1 1. Light, Medium and Heavy Grain Rations. | 2. Acclimation Test (Southern vs. Western Cattle.) | 3. Supplementary Feed StufEs. | |.1904 | Intelligencer Printing House, | Ames, Iowa. | Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [264-266], 267-304. Bulletin 80 December, ] 904 | experiment station | 1 Iowa state college I of agriculture and mechanic arts | Ames, Iowa | | dairy section [ 1 report of the Iowa educational | butter contest | | salt in butter | { press of | the Ames times | Ames, Iowa | Pamphlet, octavo in size, 16mo in fold, pp. [303-304], 306-334. Bulletin 81 April 1905 | experiment station | | Iowa state col- lege I of agriculture and mechanic arts | Ames, Iowa | | Animal husbandry section | 1 [cut] | Experiment in Beef Production 1 1. Feeding Beef vs. Dairy Type. | 2. The Slaughter Test. | 2. The Itfeat Demonstration. | 1 press of | the Ames times | Ames, Iowa | Pamphlet, octavo in size, 20mo in fold, pp. [335-336], 337-371, [372]. 374 IOWA JOURNAL OF mSTORY AND POLITICS Bulletin 82 May, 1905 | experiment station | | Iowa state col- lege I of agriculture and the mechanic arts | Ames, Iowa | | soil section | | the principal soil areas of Iowa | Pamphlet, octavo in size, 12mo in fold, pp. [871-373], 374-394, plates 8, map. Popular edition | Bulletin 88 July, 1905 | experiment station | Iowa state college of | agriculture and mechanic arts | Ames, Iowa | | botanical section | | quack and wheat grasses | Pamphlet, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [896-397], 898-402, figure. Bulletin 88 July, 1905 | experiment station | Iowa state college of | agriculture and mechanic arts | Ames, Iowa | | botanical section 1. quack and wheat grasses 1 2. some soil binding grasses of Iowa Pamphlet, octavo in size, 14mo in fold, pp. [396-397], 898-421, figoras 1-9. Bulletin 84 August, 1905 | experiment station | | Iowa state college I of agriculture and the mechanic arts | Ames, Iowa | 1 botanical section | 1 the cedar apple fungi | and | apple rust in Iowa I I 1905 I Republican Printing Company, | Cedar Rapids, Iowa. I Pamphlet, octavo in size, 18mo in fold, pp. [1-2], 8-36, figures 1-11. Spraying Calendar | 1 for 1905 | Iowa Experiment Station | [cut] I [8 lines] | ^^ | C. F. Curtiss, Director | Ames Iowa. | Octavo in size, of nine cardboard sheets printed only on one side. Iowa State College | of | Agriculture and ]tf echanic Arts | 1 the national law, state statutes | rules and regulations | of the | board of trustees | 1 republican printing co. | Cedar Rapids, Iowa | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-87, [88-91]. Issued March, 1905. Bulletin No. 8 | engineering experiment station | Iowa state col- lege I Ames, Iowa | tests of dry press brick | 1 used in Iowa | 1 by I Director A. ]tf arston. | ]tf em. Am. Soc. C. E. | 1 reprint from vol. XIV, Iowa Geological Survey | |Des ]tfoines:|B. Itfurphy, state printer. | 1904. | Pamphlet, octavo in size, octavo and folio in fold, pp. [1-2], 8-19, figures 1-8, plate I. The above title is on the cover. The inner title gives the serial number as "Bulletin No. 9." BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 875 Bulletin No. 9 | engineering experiment station | Iowa state col- lege I Ames, Iowa. | Mechanical Engineering Section | 1 notes on steam generation | | with Iowa coal | I by I G. W. Bissell, M. £. I September, 1904. | Eenyon printing & mfg. co., Des Moines | Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-16, figures 1-8. The above title is on the cover. Bulletin No. 10 | engineering experiment station | Iowa state col- lege I Ames, Iowa | dredging by the hydraulic method | by 1 6. W. Catt, C. E. I 1 reprint from vol. 16, no. 4, the Iowa engineer | | April, 1905 Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-2], 3-15, [16], figures 1-5, 7. The above title is on the cover. Vol. II bulletin No. 6 1 Engineering Experiment Station | of Iowa State College | The Good Roads | Problem in Iowa | June, 1905 1 Ames, Iowa I Published by the Engineering Experiment Station of the Iowa State College, | Ames, Iowa, Bi-Monthly, in February, April, June, August, I October and December, each year | Application filed for ad- mission at the Postoffice at Ames, Iowa, as second-class matter Paper, octavo in size, 12mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-24, illustrated. The above title is on the cover. Vol. Ill bulletin No. Ijlowa State College | Engineering Experi- ment Station I August, 1905 | Tests of Cement | By | A. Marston| Di- rector of Engineering Experiment Station | Cedar Rapids, la. | Repub- lican printing co. 1 1905 1 Pamphlet, octavo in size, 20mo in fold, pp. [1-5], 6-40, figures 1-14. The cover title reads: Vol. ni bulletin No. 1 1 = | Iowa State College | Engineering Experiment Station | Tests of Cement | August, 1005 1 Ames, Iowa | Published by the Iowa State College Engineering Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, | Bi-Monthly, in February, April, June, August, October and December, each year. | = | Appli- cation filed for admission at the Postoffice at Ames, Iowa, as second class | matter. | Vol. Ill bulletin No. 2 1 Iowa State College | Engineering Experi- ment Station I State Railroad Taxation | By | F. C. French, B. C. E., C. E. I Assoc. Mem. Am. Soc. C. E. | Associate Professor of Civil Engineering I October, 1905 1 Ames, Iowa| 376 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Paper, octavo in size, 20mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-38. The cover title reads: Vol. Ill bulletin No. 2 | = | Iowa State College | Engineering Experiment Station | State Railroad | Taxation | Ames, Iowa, October, 1006 | == | Published by the Iowa State College Engineering Experiment Station,) Bi-Monthly, in Feb- ruary, April, June, August, October and December, | each year. | Application has been made to have this publication entered at the Post | Office, Ames, Iowa, as second class matter. Engineering Experiment Station | Iowa state college | Ames, Iowa I [station stafE | President A. B. Storms Ex-Officio| Di- rector A. Marston Civil Engineering | Professor G, W. Bia- sell .... Mechanical Engineering | Professor L. B. Spinney Electrical Engineering | Professor S. W. Beyer Mining Engi- neering I Associate Professor W. H. Meeker Mechanical En- gineering I bulletin | Vol. Ill No. 8 | | Mechanical Engineering Section | Notes on Power Generation | in Iowa | 1 December, 1905 | Pamphlet, octavo in size, 12mo in fold, pp. [i-ii, 1-2], 8-24, figures. The cover title reads: Vol. Ill bulletin no. 8 | ^= | Iowa State College | Engineering Experiment Station | Notes on Power Generation | in Iowa | December, 1906 | Ames, Iowa | Published by the Iowa State College Engineering Experiment Station; Ames, | Iowa, Bi-Monthly, in February, April, June, August, October and December^ | each year. | 1 Application filed for admission at the Postoffice at Ames, Iowa, as second I class matter. Bulletin I vol. iv. |new series no. u | supplement | |Iowa stpate college I of I agriculture and mechanic arts | Ames, Iowa | 1 circular of information 1 1905 | | Republican Printing Company, | Cedar Papids [Rapids], Iowa 1 1905 1 Pamphlet, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-d], 4-6, [7-8]. Bulletin |... of the... J Iowa state college |... of ...| agriculture |... and ... I mechanic arts | 1 catalog | brief edition | November, 1 905 | 1 ** science with practice ' | 1 Paper, 12mo in size, 44mo in fold by insertion, pp. [1-6], 7-88. The cover title reads: Vol. IV bulletin No. 2 1 new series | == | Iowa State College | of | agriculture | and the \ mechanic arts | catalog | Brief Edition | November, 1906 1 Ames, Iowa j = [published monthly by the Iowa state college of agricul- 1 ture and mechanic arts, entered as second class matter | October 26, 1906, at the postoffice at Ames^ Iowa, under | the act of congress of July 16, 1894. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 377 STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY Twenty-fifth biennial report | of the | board of curators | of the | State Historical Society of Iowa | to the | governor of the state | [1905 | Des Moines: I Bernard Murphy, state printer] 1905. Pamphlet, octavp in size and fold, pp. [1-7], 8-28. The cover and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume iii. The I Iowa journal | of | history and politics | editor | Benjamin E. Shambaugh | professor of political science | in the university of Iowa | volume II 1 1904 1 published quarterly by | the state historical society of Iowa I Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 1 Quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i-v], vi-vii, [viii, 1-3], 4-674, plates, maps. Contents: Volume II, number 1, pp. 1-152, January, 1904. The First Elections Under the Constitution, by C. 0. Paullin, pp. 3-38. Some Iowa Mounds — ^An Anthropological Survey, by Duren J. H. Ward, pp. 34-68. The Origin and History of the Iowa Idea, by G. E. Koberts, pp. 69-82. Shelby County ~A Sociological Study, by John J. Louis, pp. 83-101. The Iowa Daughters of the American Revolution, by C. C. Burbank, pp. 102-116. Some Publications, pp. 116-126. Notes and Comment, pp. 127-162. Volume II, number 2, pp. 163-312, April, 1904. The American Political Science Association, by Paul S. Reinsch, pp. 166-161. A Brief History of the Amana Society, 1714-1900, by C. F. Noe, pp. 162-187. The Iowa Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, by £. D. Hadley, pp. 188-198. The League of Wisconsin Municipalities, by S. £. Sparling, pp. 199- 217. Shelby County— A Sociological Study, by John J. Louis, pp. 218-266. The Constitution of Colorado, by E. H. Meyer, pp. 266-274. Some Publications, pp. 276-290. Notes and Comment, pp. 291-312. Volume II, number 3, pp. 313-468, July, 1904. Daniel Webster, by Horace E. Deemer, pp. 316-341. First Yearly Meeting of the Iowa Anthropological Association, by Duren J. H. Ward, pp. 342-368. Maps Illustrative of the Boundary History of Iowa, by B. F. Shambaugh, pp. 369-380. Some Phases of Corporate Regulation in the Territory of Iowa, by F. E. Horack, pp. 881-398. The National University of Agriculture, by Jesse Macy, pp. 894- 898. A Bibliography of Iowa State Publications for 1898 and 1899, by Margaret Budington, pp. 899-429. Some Publications, pp. 430-449. Notes and Comment, pp. 460-468. Volume II, number 4, pp. 469-674, October, 1904. The Negro and Slavery in Early Iowa, by Louis Pelzer, pp. 471-484. Some Phases of Corporate Regulation in the State of Iowa, by F. E. Horack, pp. 486- 378 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS 510. Assembly Districting and Apportionment in Iowa, by B. F. Shambaogh, pp. 520-608. Some Publications, pp. 604-614. Notes and Ck>mment, pp. 615-624. Index, pp. 625-674. The I Iowa joarnal | of | history and politics | editor | Benjamin F. Shambaugh | professor of political science | in the university of Iowa | Yolume III 1 1905 1 published quarterly by | the state historical society of Iowa I Iowa City, Iowa 1 1906 1 'Quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i-v], vi-vii, [viii, l-<8], 4-694, folding table. Contents: Volume III, number 1, pp. 1-172, January, 1905. The Genesis of Popular Sovereignty, by Allen Johnson, pp. 8-19. The Problem of the Mounds, by Duren J. H. Ward, pp. 20-40. Civil Service Reform in American Municipalities, by C. N. Gregory, pp. 41-56. The Scandinavian Factor in the American Population, by George T. Flom, pp. 57-91. The Teaching of History in the South, by Alc^e Fortler, pp. 92-100. A Bibliography of Iowa State Publications for 1902 and 1903, by Margaret Budington, pp. 101-145. Some Publications, pp. 146-158. Notes and Comment, pp. 159-172. Volume III, number 2, pp. 173-344, April, 1905. The Roads and Highways of Territorial Iowa, by Jacob Van der Zee, pp. 175- 225. The History of the Office of Governor in Wisconsin, by James D. Bamett, pp. 226-255. The Repeal of the Granger Law in Iowa, by Charles Aldrich, pp. 256-270. The Work of American Historical Societies, by Henry £. Bourne, pp. 271-285. Recent Amendments to the Constitution of Iowa, by Frank E. Horack, pp. 286-299. Some Publications, pp. 300-322. Notes and Comment, pp. 828-^4. Volume III, number 3, pp. 345-508, July, 1905. The Coming of the Norwegians to Iowa, by George T. Flom, pp. 847-888. The Bribery of Alexander W. McGregor, by John C. Parish, pp. 884-896. Illinois as a Constituency in 1850, by Allen Johnson, pp. 399-421. Second Yearly Meet- ing of the Iowa Anthropological Association, by Duren J. H. Ward, pp. 422-458. Some Publications, pp. 459-481. Notes and Comment, pp. 482-508. Volume III, number 4, pp. 509-694, October, 1905. The Real Party Forces, by John W. Gannaway, pp. 511-528. Penal Reforms, by G. S. Robinson, pp. 529-561. Child Labor Legislation in Iowa, by Isaac A. Loos, pp. 562-582. The Early Swedish Immigration in Iowa, by Geoige T. Flom, pp. 588-615. Some Publications, pp. 616-628. Notes and Comment, pp. 624-644. Chart of Presidential Elections in the United States, by J. L. Pickard, facing p. 644. Index, pp. 645-694. The I messages and proclamations | of the | governors of Iowa] com- piled and edited by | Benjamin F. Shambaugh, A. M., Ph. D. |pro- BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 879 feasor of political scienoe in the | university of Iowa | volume v | pub- lished by I the state historical society of Iowa | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 | Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-vii], viii-ix, [z, 1-8], 4-426. Gives the messages and proclamations of Governors Gear and Sherman. The I messages and proclamations | of the | governors of Iowa | com- piled and edited by | Benjamin F. Shambaugh, A. M., Ph. D.| pro- fessor of political science in the | university of Iowa | volume vi | pub- lished by I the state historical society of Iowa | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 | Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-vii], viii-z, [1-8], 4-420. Gives the messages and proclamations of Governors Larrabee and Boies. The I messages and proclamations | of the | governors of Iowa | com- piled and edited by | Benjamin F. Shambaugh, A. ]Vf., Ph. D.| pro- fessor of political science in the | univeraity of Iowa | volume vii| published by | the state historical society of Iowa | Iowa City, Iowa | 1905 I Cloth, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-vii], yiii-z, [1-6], 6-480. Gives the messages and proclamations of Governors Jackson, Drake, and Shaw. Some Iowa mounds | an anthropological survey | by | Duren J. H. Ward I [seal] | Reprinted from the January 1904 Number of | The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Historical Society of Iowa | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-2], 8-36, figures. The title is on the cover. The I Iowa daughters | of the | American revolution | by | Caroline C. Burbank I [seal] I Reprinted from the January 1904 Number of | The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | for the Iowa Daughters of the American | Revolution by The State Historical Society | of Iowa Iowa City Iowa January 1904 1 Paper, quarto in size, lOmo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-16, [17-18]. The I first elections | under the constitution | by | C. O. Paullin | [seal] | Reprinted from the January 1904 Number of | The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Historical Society of Iowa | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-88. The title is on the cover. 380 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The I origin and history | of the | Iowa idea { by | George E. Roberts | [seal] I Reprinted from the January 1904 Number of | The Iowa Jour- nal of History and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Historical Society of Iowa | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-16. The title is on the cover. A I brief history | of | the Amana society 1 1 7 1 4-1 900 1 by | Charles F. Noe|[seal]| Reprinted from the April 1904 Number of | The Iowa Journal of History and Politics { Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Historical Society of Iowa | Paper, quarto in size, 16mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-28. The title is on the cover. The Iowa society | of the | sons of the American revolution | by | El- bridge Drew Hadley I [seal] I Reprinted from the April 1904 Number of I The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Historical Society of Iowa | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-18. The title is on the cover. The league | of | Wisconsin municipalities | by | Samuel Edwin Spar- ling | [seal] I Reprinted from the April 1904 Number of |The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Historical Society of Iowa | Paper, quarto in size, 12mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-21. The title is on the cover. Shelby county | a sociological study | by | John J. Louis | [seal] [Re- printed from Volume II Numbers 1 and 2 of | The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Historical Society of Iowa | Paper, quarto in size, octavo and quarto in fold, pp. [i-iv, 1-8], 4-69. Issued in April, 1904. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: Shelby county | by | John J. Louis | [seal] | reprinted from | The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The 8tate Historical Society of Iowa A bureau I of I historical research | in connection with | the Carnegie institution | by | Andrew C. IklcLaughlin | [seal] | Reprinted from the April 1904 Number of | The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 381 Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Historical Society of Iowa I Paper, quarto in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-3]. The title is on tlie cover. Daniel Webster | by | Horace E. Deemer | [seal] | Reprinted from the July 1904 Number of | The Iowa Journal of History and Political Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Historical Society of Iowa I Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-20. The title is on the cover» Illustrative maps | of the [boundary history of Iowa | by | Benjamin F. Shambaugh I [seal] I Reprmted from the July 1904 Number of | The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by I The State Historical Society of Iowa| Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-14, maps i-iv. Proceedings | of the | first yearly meeting | of the | Iowa anthropolog- ical association | reported by the secretary | and corrected by the speakers | 1 held in the hall of liberal arts | state university of Iowa I Iowa City Iowa February 15 1904 1 [seal] [Reprinted from the July 1904 Number of | The Iowa Journal of History and Political for the Iowa Anthropological Association | by The State Historical Socie- ty of Iowa I Iowa City Iowa : : July 1 904 Paper, quarto in size, 16tuo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-29. The cover and inner titles are identical. Assembly | districting and apportionment | in Iowa | by | Benjamin F. Shambaugh I [seal] I Reprinted from the October 1904 Number of | The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Historical Society of Iowa | Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-4], 6-87, maps i-xl. The cover and inner titles are identical. Some phases I of I corporate regulation | in Iowa | by | Frank Edward Horack I [seal] I Reprinted from Volume II Numbers 3 and 4 of | The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | Published atlowa City Iowa by I The State Historical Society of Iowa Paper, quarto in size, 26mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-60. The title is on the cover. Issued in October, 1004. 382 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The I problem of the mounds | by | Daren J. H. Ward | [seal] | Re- printed from the January 1905 Number of | The Iowa Journal of His- tory and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State His- torical Society of Iowa | Paper, quarto in size, 12mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-28. The title is on the cover. Civil service reform | in American municipalities | by | Charles No- ble Gregory | dean of the college of law | university of Iowa | [seal] | Reprinted from the January 1905 Number of | The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Historical Society of Iowa | Paper, quarto in size, lOmo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-18. The title is on the cover. The work | of | American historical societies | by | Henry E. Bourne | [seal] I Reprinted from the April 1905 Number of j The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Historical Society of Iowa | Paper, quarto in size, lOmo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-17. The title is on the cover. The repeal | of the | granger law in Iowa | by | Charles Aldrich | [seal] | Reprinted from the April 1905 Number of | The Iowa Journal of His- tory and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Histor- ical Society of Iowa | Paper, quarto in size, lOmo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-17. The title is on the cover. Proceedings | of the | second yearly meeting | of the | Iowa anthropo- logical association | reported by the secretary | and corrected by the speakers | 1 held in the hall of liberal arts | and physics building state I university of Iowa Iowa City | Iowa February 10 and 11 1905 | [seal] I Reprinted from the July 1905 Number of [The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | for the Iowa Anthropological Association | by The State Historical Society of Iowa | Iowa City Iowa : : : July 1905 Paper, quarto in size, 20mo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-89, plates and folding map. The cover and inner titles are identical. Chapters | on | Scandinavian immigration | to Iowa | by | George T. Flom, Ph. D. I professor of Scandinavian languages and literatures | BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 888 in the state uniyersity of Iowa | [seal] | Reprinted from] The Iowa Journal of History and Politics | for 1905 and 1906. Published at Iowa City Iowa by | The State Historical Society of Iowa Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [i-iii], iv, [1], 2-160, maps 3. The above is the cover title. The inner title omits the seal. Chart of | presidential elections | compiled from the congressional record I and other sources | by | J. L. Pickard, LL.D. | [seal] | Reprinted from the October 1905 Number of | The Iowa Journal of History and Politics I Published at Iowa City Iowa by the | State Historical Soci- ety of Iowa Paper, quarto in size and fold, pp. [i-iii], iv, and folding table. The above is the cover title. The inner title omits the seal. Penal reforms | by | G. S. Robinson | [seal] | reprinted for the Prairie Club I From the October 1905 Number of | The Iowa Journal of His- tory and Politics | Published at Iowa City Iowa by the | State Histor- ical Society of Iowa Paper, quarto in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-^5. The above, is the cover title. The inner title reads: Penal reforms | a paper read before the Prairie Club at Des Moines | on October 24, 1904 Child labor legislation | in Iowa | by | Isaac A. Loos | [seal] | Reprinted from the October 1905 Number of | The Iowa Journal of History and Politics I Published at Iowa City Iowa by the | State Historical Society of Iowa I Paper, quarto in size, 12mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-28. The title is on the cover. Proceedings I of the | third, fourth, fifth, and sixth | Iowa state con- ferences | of | Charities and Correction! 1 Cedar Rapids, March 21 -29, 1900 1 Red Oak, April 3-5, 1901 1 Iowa City, October 30, 31, 1902 1 Des Moines, November 10-12, 1 1903 1 Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-4], 5-279. The title is on the cover. There is no inner title to the volume as a whole but the volume contains the following titles: Proceedings I of the | third Iowa state conference | of | charities and 884 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS correction I 1 Cedar Rapids] March 27-29, 1900 1 jpubliBhed by I the state historical society of Iowa | Iowa City 1 1905 1 Pages [1-4], 6-78, Proceedings | of the | fourth Iowa state conference | of | charities and correction | 1 Red Oak | April 3-5, 190 1 1 1 published by | the state historical society of Iowa | Iowa City 1 1905 1 Pages [79-82] ,'83-1 18. Proceedings { of the | fifth Iowa state conference | of | charities and cor- rection I 1 Iowa City | October 30-3 1 , 1 902 1 1 published by | the state historical society of Iowa | Iowa City 1 1905 1 Pages [119-122], 128-188. Proceedings | of the | sixth Iowa state conference | of | charities and correction | 1 Des ]tf oines | November 10-12, 1903 1 1 published by I the state historical society of Iowa | Iowa City |1 905 1 Pages [189-192], 193-279. The state hbtorical society of Iowa | bulletin of information no 1 April 1904 1 1 provisions for membership | in the | state historical society of Iowa | [seal] | the state historical society of Iowa | Iowa City Iowa April 1904 1 Pamphlet, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-3]. The state historical society of Iowa | bulletin of information no 2 May 1904 1 1 an Iowa program | for study clubs | recommended by I the state historical society of Iowa | [seal] | the state historical society of Iowa I Iowa City Iowa May 1904 1 Pamphlet, octavo in size, 6mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-11, [12]. The state historical society of Iowa | bulletin of information no 3 July 1904 1 1 suggestions | to | public libraries | and | local historical societies | relative to | collecting and preserving | materials of local | history | [seal] | the state historical society of Iowa | Iowa City Iowa July 1904 1 Pamphlet, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-2], 3-8. The state historical society of Iowa | bulletin of information no 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 385 June 1905 1 1 guggestions | to | local higtorians in Iowa | [seal] | the state historical society of Iowa | Iowa City Iowa July 1905 1 Pamphlet, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-11, [12]. 1 The state historical | society of Iowa | circular number one Nov. , 1 905 1 1 publications | for sale or exchange | 1 The follow- ing Publications are for the most | part duplicates in the Library of the State | Historical Society of Iowa, and are | offered for sale or ex- change. The I prices quoted are net. | 1 address all communications to I the state historical society of Iowa | Iowa City ::::: Iowa| 1 Paper, 12mo in size, 6mo in fold, pp. [1-11]. Iklessages and proclamations | of the | governors of Iowa | 1 a valu- able I historical compilation | 1 seven volumes, prepaid, $15.00 1 not more than 80 sets will be sold | zz=: | compiled and published | under the auspices of | the state historical society | of Iowa. Iowa City, Iowa | Pamphlet, quarto in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. An advertising circular issued in November, 1906. STATE LIBBABIAN Thirtieth biennial report | of the | state librarian | to the | governor of the state of Iowa | July 1, 1 905. | 1 Johnson Brigham | state librari- an I 1 printed by order of the general assembly. | 1 Des Idoines: I Bernard Murphy, state printer 1 1906 Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-lii], iv-xvii, [xviii,l], 2-229, portraits. The cover and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume III. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Fifteenth biennial report | of the { Iowa state normal school | at | Cedar Falls, Iowa. | [School Years 1903-1904 and 1904-1906. | printed by order of the general assembly. | |Des Idoines: | Bernard Murphy, state printer. 1 1905. Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-7], 8-60, plates and folding plat. The cover and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume III. VoL IV no. 2 1 January, 1 904 1 1 Alumni Register | 1 | bulletin of the I state normal school | Cedar Falls, lowaj 1 Issued 386 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Quarterly. Published by the Normal School. | Entered at the Postoffice at Cedar Falls, | Iowa, as Second Class Matter. | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-216. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: State Normal School Bulletin | == \ Vol. 4 January, 1904 No. 2 1 1 Trien- nial Catalog of Graduates | [cut] | Historical Account | of the | Several Societies I [cut] I The Addressee | given at | The Bartlett Anniversary Vol. IV. no. 3. [Idarch, 1 904 |zz=:| Summer Term|izzz| 1 bulle- tin of the I Iowa state normal school | Cedar Falls, Iowa| 1 Issued Quarterly. Published by the Normal School. | Entered at the Postoffice at Cedar Falls, Iowa, I as Second Class Matter. Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-6], 7-61. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: Bulletin | of the | Iowa state normal school | Cedar Falls, Iowa | 1 March, 1904 I vol. IV, no. 8 1 1 Eighth Annual Session of the Summer Term | June 11 to July 22, 1904 Vol. IV. No. 4 1 May, 1904 1 Commencement | Announcements | 1 Bulletin of the | State Normal School | Cedar Falls, Iowa | 1 Issued Quarterly. Published by the Normal School. Entered | at the Post- office at Cedar Falls, Iowa, as I Second Class Iklatter Paper, octavo in size, 12mo in fold, pp. [l-<8], 4-22. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: Bulletin | of the | Iowa state normal school | Cedar Falls, Iowa | 1 vol. rv. May, 1904 no. 4 | | contents 1 1. Ck>mmencement AnnounoementB | 2. Candi- dates for Graduation | 3. Names of Class 1903 and 1904 1 Graduated During the School Tear | 4. New Departments and the New Degree | Vol. y no. 1 1 June, 1904 1 catalog and | circular | 1 bulletin of the state normal school | Cedar Falls, Iowa| 1 Issued Quarterly. Pab- lished by the Normal School. | Entered at the Postoffice at Cedar Falls, I Iowa, as Second Class ]tf atter. | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-4], 6-204. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: Bulletin | of the | state normal | school | Cedar Falls, Iowa | 1 Vol. V June, 1904 No. 1 1 1 catalog and circular | for school year 190^-4 1 Supplement to Bulletin | State Normal School | Vol. 5 No. 1 1 Bao- BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 387 calaareate Address | Homer H. Seerley, President | Iowa State Normal School I Cedar Falls, Iowa | Sunday, Jane 5, 1904 1 Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [l], 2-18. The text follows the title. Vol. V no. 2 1 February, 1905 |zzi=| Summer Term|z=z:| [bul- letin of the I Iowa state normal school | Cedar Falls, Iowa | 1 Issued Quarterly. Published by the Normal School. | Entered at the Postoffice at Cedar Falls, Iowa, I as Second Class Matter. Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-4], 5-67, illustrated. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: Bulletin | of the | Iowa state normal school | Cedar Falls, Iowa | | February, 1905 1 vol. v., no. 2 | | Ninth Annual Session of the Summer Term | June 10 to July 21, 1905 Vol. V. no. 3 1 March, 1 906 1 = | Special Teacher | =zz= | 1 bul- letin of the I Iowa state normal school | Cedar Falls, Iowa | 1 Issued Quarterly. Published by the Normal School. | Entered at the Postoffice at Cedar Falls, Iowa, | as Second Class Matter. | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-4], 5-155, illustrated. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: Bulletin | of the | State Normal School | Cedar Falls, Iowa | 1 Vol. V. March, 1905 No. 8 1 I special teacher number | 1. Kindergarten. 2. Music. 8. Draw- ing. I 4. Manual Training. 5. Domestic Science. 1 6. Physical Training. | Supplement to bulletin | State Normal School, lYol. 5, No. 8. |The Responsibility of the School to the State. | 1 An Address Given by I Hon. 6. W. Clarke, Adel, Iowa, | At the Dedication of the | Men^s and Women's Gymnasium, | Iowa State Normal School, | Cedar Falls, Iowa. I 1 Monday, June 6, 1906. | 1 Pamphlet, octavo in size, 6mo in fold, pp. [1], 2-10. The text follows the title. Vol. V no. 4 1 May, 1905 1 Commencement! Announcements! 1 bulletin of the! Iowa state normal school j Cedar Falls, Iowa! 1 Issued Quarterly. Published by the Normal School. | Entered at the Postoffice at Cedar Falls, Iowa, ! as Second Class Matter. ! Paper, octavo in size, 18mo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-84. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: 388 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Bulletin | of the | Iowa State Normal School | Cedar Falls, Iowa | | Vol. 5 May, 1905 No. 4 1 | contents ] 1. Commeocement Announcements | 2. Names of Class 1904 and of 1905 | 3. Candidates for Graduation | Graduated During the School Year. | Vol. VI. no. 1 1 June, 1 905 1 catalog and | circular | 1 bulletin of the I state normal school | Cedar Falls, Iowa | 1 Issued Quarterly. Published by the Normal School. | Entered at the Postoffice at Cedar Falls, Iowa, | as Second Class Matter. | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-4], 5-212. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: Bulletin | of the | State Normal School | Cedar Falls, Iowa | | Vol. VI. June, 1905 No. 1 1 | catalog and circular | for school year 1904-5 | Supplement to Bulletin I State Normal School I Vol. 6, No. 1 1 Bac- calaureate Address I Iowa state normal school {Cedar Falls | Sunday, June 4, 1005|Uomer H. Seerley, President | z= | Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1], 2-12. STATE teachers' ASSOCIATION Proceedings | of the | fiftieth annual session | of the | Iowa State Teach- ers* Association, I held at | Des Moines, Iowa, | December 27, 28 and 29, 1904. 1 1 printed by order of the general assembly. | JDes Moines: {Bernard Murphy, state printer, 1 1905. | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-200. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: Proceedings | of the | fiftieth annual session | of the | Iowa state | teachers- asso- ciation I held at | Des Moines, Iowa | Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, | De- cember 27, 28 and 29, 1904. | 1 officers for 1005 | [9 lines.] Proceedings I of the | fifty-first annual session | of the | Iowa State Teachers' Association I held at I Des Moines, Iowa | December 27, 28, and 29, 1905 1 1 printed by order of the general assembly | 1 Des Moines. | Bernard Murphy, state printer, 1 1906 1 Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-5], 6-238. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: Proceedings | of the | fifty-first annual session | of the | Iowa state | teachers^ as- sociation I held at | Des Moines, Iowa | Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday | De- cember 27, 28 and 29, 1005 1 officers for 1906 1 [9 lines.] | BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 389 STATJC UNIVERSITY OF IOWA The State University of Iowa | Iowa City | Twenty-Fourth Biennial Report I of the | board of regents | to the | governor | and the | thirty-first general assembly | 1 1903-1904 and 1904-1906] [printed by order of the general assembly. | |Des Moines | Bernard Murphy, state printer! 1905 | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-5], 6>154. The cover and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa Documents, 1906, volume iii. Bulletin of the state university of Iowa | New Series, No. 72 Feb- ruary, 1904 1 z= I The State University of Iowa | Iowa City | [seal] | graduate college | 1 circular of information | regarding | fellowships and scholarships I 1 published by the university [Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 1 1=1 The university bulletins published by the university are issued every six | weeks during the academic year, at least six numbers every calendar year. | entered at the post office as second class mail matter. | • Pamphlet, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. Bulletin of the state university of Iowa | new series No. 73 March, 1904 1 zz= I the state university of Iowa | Iowa City | bulletin No. 6|of the I department of education | the four year high school | course of study I (Revised Edition) | [seal] | published by the university | Iowa City, Iowa|1904|:=z:|[* * * *]|i Pamphlet, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-16. Si^ed by J. F. Brown, Inspector of Schools. Bulletin of the state university of Iowa | new series No. 74 March, 1904 I 1 the state university of Iowa studies in | sociology economics politics and history | Vol. Ill No. 1 1 the f reedmen's bureau | a chapter | in I the history of reconstruction | By | Paul Skeels Peirce, Ph. D. | In- structor in History | 1 published by the university | Iowa City, Iowa|1904|=z|[* ♦ ♦ ♦]! Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i*-iv„ i-iii], iv-vii, [viii, 1], 2-200. The cover and inner titles are identical. 1 In order to prevent a too frequent repetition the announcement of the perio- dicity of the University bulletins and the required notice for second class postal rates are omitted and an asterisk (*) substitued for each omitted line. 390 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Bulletin of the state university of Iowa | new series No. 75 March, 1904 1 1 the state university of Iowa | Iowa City | hulletin No. 7 | of the I department of education | revised report of the committee | on a uniform high school | course in English | [seal] | published by the uni- versity I Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 1 iz= | [****] | Pamphlet, 12ino in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-16. Bulletin of the state university of Iowa | new series No. 76 March, 1904 1 1 the state university of Iowa | Iowa City | bulletin No. 8 1 of the I department of education | the high school laboratory | [seal] | pub- lished by the university | Iowa City, Iowa |1 904 |z^|[* ♦ ♦ ♦]! Pamphlet, 12mo in size, 16mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-80. Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 77 April, 1 904 1 1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement of the I college of liberal arts 1 1904-1906 1 [seal] | Published by the Univer- sity I Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 1 = | [****] | Paper, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-221, [222-223]. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | college of liberal arts 1 1904-1906 1 [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa | 1904 I Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 78 April, 1904|z=iz|the| State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement of the I graduate college 1 1904-1 906 1 [seal] I Published by the Univer- sity I Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 1 = | [****] | Paper, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-146, [146-147]. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | graduate college 1 1904-1906 | [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa | 1004 | Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 79 April, 1904 1 1 the I State University of Iowa ( Iowa City | announcement of I the school of applied science 1 1904-1906 1 [seal] | Published by the University ( Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 1 1= | [*♦**] | Paper, 12mo in size, 16mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-108, [109]. The above is the cover title. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 391 The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | annooncement | of the | school of applied science | 1904-1906 |[seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa I 1904 I Supplement to|Balletm of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 79 April, 1904 |z=( Leaflet, octavo in size, pp. [1-2]. Text, which consists of notice of changes in Engineering coarses, follows the title. Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 80 April, 1 904 1 1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement of I the school of | political and social science | with courses in | commerce and administration! 1904-1905 1 [seal] I Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 |z^|[* * * *]| Paper, 12mo in size, 28mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-62, [58]. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | school of | political and social science | for university and graduate study | embracing the departments of | Political Economy and Sociology, | including Commerce; | His- tory; and Political Science. | 1904-1905. | [seal] | Iowa City, Iowa | 1904 Bulletin of the State University of Iowa [New Series No. 81 April, 1904 1 1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement of the I summer session I June 20-July 30, 1 904 1 [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 1 1 [****] I Paper, 12mo in size, 26mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-46, [47-51]. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | summer session | June 20 — July 80, 1904 | [seal] | including the | Summer School for Libra- ry Training | Under the auspices of the Iowa State Library Commission | | Published by the University |Iowa City, Iowa | 1904 Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 82 April, 1904 1 = 1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement of the I college of law 1 1904-1905 1 [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 |=z=|(» ♦ ♦ ♦][ Paper, 12mo in size, 20mo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-38. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: 392 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Tlie I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | college of law I 1004-11)05 I [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa | 1904 | Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 83 April, 1904 1 1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | annoancement of the I college of medicine 1 1904-1905 1 [seal] I Published by the Univer- sity I Iowa City, Iowa 1 1 904 1 11= | [****] | Paper, 12mo in size, 40mo in fold, pp. [1-^], 4-79, [80]. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | annoancement | of the | college of medicine | 1904-1006 |[seal]| Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa | 1904 Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 84 April, 1 904 1 1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement of the I College of Homeopathic Itf edioine 1 1904-1 905 1 [seal] | Published by the Univereity | Iowa City, Iowa| 1904|iz=:|[* ♦ ♦ ♦]! Paper, 12mo in size, d2mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-62, [68-64]. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | college of homeopathic medicine | 1904-1906 | [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa | 1904 | Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 85 May, 1904 1 1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement of the I college of dentistry 1 1904-1905 1 [seal] | Published by the Univer- sity I Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 1 =1= | [****] | Paper, 12mo in size, 34mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-65, [66-68], plates 8. The above title is on the cover. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | College of Dentistry | 1904-1905 1 [seal] | Published by the University) Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904| Bulletin of the state university of Iowa | New Series No. 86 May, 1904 1 1 the university hospital | = of the == | state university of Iowa I [seal ] | published by the university | Iowa City, Iowa | zizz: | r* * *^^ Paper, oblong 24mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-15], plates 8. The title is on the cover. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 393 Bulletin of the State University of Iowa I New Series No. 87 May, 1004 1 1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | aDnouncement of the I college of pharmacy 1 1004-1905 [[seal] | Published by the Univer- sity I Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 1 z=z | [****] | Paper, 12mo in size, 20mo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-88. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | College of Pharmacy | 1904-1006 1 [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa | 1904 I Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 88 May, 1904 1 1 calendar ( of the | State University of Iowa | Iowa City 1 1903 -1904 1 [seal] I Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904 | =\[****]\ Paper, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-631, [682-686]. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | calendar | 1008-1004 | [seal] | Pub- lished by the University | Iowa City, Iowa | 1904 | Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 89 May, 1904 1 zzz: I the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement of the I university extension lectures 1 1904-1905 1 [seal] | Published by the University I Iowa City, Iowa| 1904 1 = 1 [* ♦ ♦ ♦]! Paper, 12mo in size, 16mo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-82. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | university extension lectures | 1904-1906 | [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa I 1004 I Bulletin of the state university of Iowa | New Series No. 90 August, 1904 1 [the state university of Iowa | [seal] [ Iowa City, Iowa| 1904 Paper, oblong 16mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-48]. Bulletin mainly com- posed of illustrations. The cover title reads: The State | Univeraity | of | Iowa | Bulletin of the State University of Iowa [New Series No. 91 No- vember, 1904 1 iz=: I the [alumni register [of the [State University of 394 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Iowa I Iowa City, Iowa 1 1866-1904 [[seal] | published by the university I Iowa City Iowa 1 1904 1 = | [****] ( Paper, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-8], 9-284, plate. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | 1 alumni i-egister | 1 arranged | alpha- betically by colleges | [seal] | 1866-1904 | Bulletin of the state university of Iowa | New Series No. 91 Sep- tember, 1904|zizz|the state university of Iowa [college of medicine | [cut] I published by the university | Iowa City | 1 [* *] | Pamphlet, oblong 12mo in size, 6mo in fold, pp. [1-12], illustrated. Bulletin of the state university of Iowa. | new series no. 92 price fifty cents. I 1 Vol. V. No. 4. | bulletin | from the | laboratories of natural history | of the | state university of Iowa | 1 [contents 1 3 lines] | I published by the university | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1904. | 1[* ♦ ♦ ♦] | Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-viii, 219], 220-^1, plates i, i-iv, i-xzt, i-xiv. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: Vol. V. No. 4. I bulletin | from the | laboratories of natural history | of the | state university of Iowa | 1 published by the university | Iowa City, Iowa | November, 1904. | The title page of the volume reads: Bulletin | from the | laboratories of natural history | of the | state university of Iowa I I volume V. | 1 published by the university | Iowa City, Iowa | 1899-1904. I The contents of number four are: Actinometra iowensis, a new unstalked crinoid from the Florida reefs, by Frank Springer. The flora of the St Peter sandstone in Winneshiek county, Iowa, by B. Shimek. The Discomycetes of eastern Iowa, by Fred Jay Seaver. Papers on the Loess, by B. Shimek. Bulletin of the state university of Iowa. | new series no. 93. De- cember, 1904. 1 zz= I preliminary announcement | of the [summer ses- sion | including the I Iowa summer school for library training | June 19-July 29, 1905 1 [cut] | Natural Science Hall | (in process of construc- tion) | published by the university | Iowa City, Iowa|zz=:|[* ♦ * ♦] | Pamphlet, 12mo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8]. Variation copies omit the two lines immediately following the " cut.** BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 396 The State University of Iowa | [seal] | Twenty-seventh Convocation the armory I September 21, 1905, 4 P. M. | 1 programme! Leaflet, octavo in size, pp. [1-2]. The text follows the title. Bulletin of the state university of Iowa. | new series no. 94. Jan- uary, 1905 1 zz= I the state university of Iowa | and the high schools | [seal] I published by the university | Iowa City, Iowa | 1905 | | r^c 4c 4c ♦] I Paper, 12mo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-3]. Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 96 Feb- ruary, 1 906 1 1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announce- ment of the I summer session | June 19 — July 29, 1 905 1 [seal] | Publish • ed by the University | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1906 1 1 j* * ♦ *] | Paper, 12mo in size, 26mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-48, [49], folding plat. The aboTe is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa Citj | announcement | of the | summer session | June 19-July 29, 1906 | [seal] | including the | Summer School for Libra- ry Training | Under the auspices of the Iowa State Library Commission | 1 Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa | 1905 1 Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 96 Feb- ruary, 1905 1 1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announce- ment of the I school of applied science 1 1905-1906 1 [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1905 1 z=: | [****] | • Paper, 12mo in size, 44mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-85, [86-87], folding plat. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | school of applied science 1 1905-1906 1 [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa I 1905 1 Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 97 ]tf arch, 1905 1 1 the | State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announce- ment of the I college of medicine 1 1905-1906 1 [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1905 1 1= ([****] j Paper, 12mo in size, 44mo in fold, pp. [1-^], 4-87, [88], folding plat The above is the cover title. The inner title reads 396 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | college of medicine | 1905-1000 | [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa | 1906 1 Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 98 April, 1005 1 ^1^1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement of the I college of liberal arts | 1905-1906 | [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1906 | 1 [****] | Paper, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-239, [240-241], folding plat. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of low^a | Iowa City | announcement | of the | College of liberal arts | 1906-1900 1 [seal ] | Published by the Universitijr | Iowa City, Iowa | 1906 I Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 99 April, 1906 1 1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement of the I college of pharmacy 1 1905-1906 1 [seal] | Published by the Uni- versity I Iowa City, Iowa 1 1905 1 1 [****] | Paper, 12mo in size, 20mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-39, folding plat. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | collie of Pharmacy | 1906-1906 | [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa | 1906 1 Bulletin of the state university of Iowa | new series no. 100 April, 1905 1 1 engineering | in the j state university of Iowa | [seal] | pub- lished by the university | Iowa City, Iowa| 1905 jz=|[* * * *]| Pamphlet, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8]. Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series no. 101 | April, 1 906 1 1 the | State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announce- ment of the I college of law 1 1905-1906 1 [seal] [Published by the Uni- versity I Iowa City, Iowa 1 1906 1 1 [* * * *j | Paper, 12mo in size, 20mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-39, folding plat The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | college of law I 1906-1906 1 [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa| 1905 | Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 102 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 397 April, 1 905 1 1 the | State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announoe- ment of the [College of Homeopathic Medioine 1 1905-1906 1 [seal] | Published by the University (Iowa City, Iowa 1 1906 |zzzz|[* * * *] | Paper, 12mo in size, 8dmo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-67, [68-69], folding plat The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | college of homeopathic medicine | 1905-1906 | [seal]] Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa | 1905 | Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 103 April, 1 905 1 1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | annonncement of the I college of dentistry 1 1906-1906 1 [seal] | Published by the Univer- sity I Iowa City, Iowa 1 1905 1== |[* * * *] | Paper, 12mo in size, 84mo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-67, [68], folding plat and eight plates. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I StAte University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | College of Dentistry 1 1905-1906 1 [seal] | Published by the University] Iowa City, Iowa 1 1905| Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 104 April, 1905(:=:|the(State University of Iowa [Iowa City | announcement of the I graduate college 1 1905-1 906 1 [seal] I Published by the Univer- sity I Iowa City, Iowa 1 1905 1 := ![♦**♦]! Paper, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-149, [150-151], folding plat. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | annonncement | of the | graduate college 1 1905-1906 | [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1905 | bulletin of the state university of Iowa \ New Series No, 106 May^ 1906 1 the I state university of Iowa \ Iowa Oity \ 1 Provings of Chi- onanthus | I^y The \ College of Homeopathic Medicine \ [seal] | Published by the University \ Iowa CUty^ Iowa \ 1906 \ 1 [* * *] | Pamphlet, octavo in size, 16mo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-81. Bulletin of the State University of Iowa [New Series No. 106 April, 1 905 1 1 the I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement of I the school of | political and social science 1 1905-1906 [[seal] | Publish- ed by the University | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1905 |zziz|[* * * *]| 398 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Paper, 12mo in size, 82mo in fold, pp. [1>8], 4-^, [64], folding plat. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa City | announcement | of the | school of | political and social science | with courses in | commerce and administration | 1005-1906 I [seal] | Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa | 1906 | Bulletin of the state university of Iowa | New Series No. 107 June, 1 905 1 z= I [seal] I State University of Iowa | Circular of Information | department of | Scandinavian languages | and literatures! 1905-1906 | published by [the state university of Iowa| Iowa City, Iowa | | r« « « *i| Pamphlet, 12mo in size, 6mo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-9, [10]. Bulletin of the State University of Iowa | New Series No. 108 Jane, 1 905 1 1 calendar | of the | State University of Iowa | Iowa City 1 1 904 -1905 1 [seal] I Published by the University | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1905 | =ir'*']i Paper, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-559, [560-564], folding plat. The above is the cover title. The inner title reads: The I State University of Iowa | Iowa aty | calendar) 1904-1905 | [seal] | Pub- lished by the University | Iowa City, Iowa | 1905 | Bulletin of the state university of Iowa | New Series No. 109 July, 1905jz=:|the state university of Iowa | [seal] | Iowa City, Iowa [1905 Paper, oblong 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-48]. A booklet of illustra- tions. The above is the inner title. The cover title reads: The State | University | of | Iowa | The state university of Iowa | Iowa City | [seal] | forty-fourth annual commencement of | the college of liberal arts| [thirty-ninth an- nual commencement of [the college of law| 1 thirty-fifth annual commencement of | the college of medicine | 1 twenty-eighth annual commencement of | the college of homeopathic medicine | 1 twenty- second annual commencement of | the college of dentistry | 1 eight- eenth annual commencement of | the college of pharmacy | 1 fiifth BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 399 annual oonimencement of | the graduate college | [the tent | Wed- nesday morning, June fifteenth | nineteen hundred four | Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-16]. The state university of Iowa | Iowa City, Iowa | [seal] | forty-fifth annual commenoement of | the college of liberal arts| (fortieth annual commencement of | the college of law | 1 thirty-sixth annual commencement of | the college of medicine | 1 twenty-ninth annual commencement of | the college of homeopathic medicine | 1 twenty- third annual commencement of | the college of dentistry | 1 nine- teenth annual commencement of | the college of pharmacy | 1 sixth annual commencement of | the graduate college | |the university armory | Wednesday morning, June fourteenth | nineteen hundred five | Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-16]. The State University of Iowa | Iowa City, lowaj |[8eal]| | baccalaureate exercises | |the university armory | Sunday after- noon, four o'clock, June eleventh | nineteen hundred five | Pamphlet, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. The report | — of — | Olmsted brothers | landscape . . architects | of Brookline, Idassachusetts | 1 Outlining Plans for the Future Ar- rangement I of the Grounds and Buildings of the | State University of Iowa I iz= I [cut] I [seal] | Published by the University 1 1905 1 Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [IS], The State University of Iowa | Iowa City, Iowa | 1 department ^f zoology Pamphlet, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1], 2-7. Text follows the title. Issued in 1906. [seal] I circular of information | Iowa State High School Field Meet j 1 Held at Iowa City, Iowa, Iday 19th, 1905, | Under the Aus- pices of the State University of Iowa. | Broadside, 8^z6>^, giving program and information. The State University of Iowa | Program for the Summer Session, June 19 to July 29, 1905. Broadside, 11x17. 400 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The I School of Applied Science | [seal] | The State University of Iowa I Iowa City | Pamphlet, 16ino in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. The State University of Iowa | Iowa City, Iowa | 1 summer ses- sion, 1905 1 1 Directions and Regulations for the Guidance of I Students Pamphlet, 12mo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-8]. The State University of Iowa ( Iowa City | Entrance Requirements in English | Pamphlet, octavo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-8]. Signed hy J. F. Brown, inspector of high schools. The state university of Iowa | Iowa City | [seal] | Certificate of Ad- mission to the Several Colleges I of I The State University of Iowa | Issued to I Graduates from Accredited High Schools | 1 Iowa City, Iowa, ]tfay 9th, 1904. | Pamphlet, quarto in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-8]. The State University of Iowa | [seal] | Alumni Banquet | [Uni- versity Armory I Tuesday, June 13th, 1905| Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-4]. The alumni | bureau of | information | State University | of Iowa | The Iowa Alumnus | The Alumni Register | Iowa City, Iowa | Pamphlet, 16mo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. The first, second, third, sev- enth, and eighth lines are rubricated. Second annual | alumni | dental clinic | of the | college of dentistry | The State University of Iowa| |to be held | February 6 and 7, 1905, 1 Iowa City, Iowa| Pamphlet, 16mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1-16]. . Athletic union | — of — | [seal] | Iowa City, Iowa | 1 Financial Statement for Year Ending] July 1, 1905 1 Pamphlet, 16mo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. The State University of Iowa] Iowa City, Iowa | [seal] | Pamphlet, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. Circular of information on the marking system with blanks for reports of departments to the Registrar. sued June 1, 1904. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 401 The State University of Iowa | Iowa City| 1 suggestions to students | expecting to teach | 1 Pamphlet, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. Six popular science lectures | With Lantern-slides Illustrations I [university extension | state university of lowaj 1 1904| Pamphlet, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. Issued Septemher 28, 1904. The State University of Iowa| |The Summer Session Lecture Course, 1905 1 1 Broadside, 9^x6. [Seal] I The Board of Regents, (The President, and Faculties of| The State University of Iowa | request the honor of your presence | at the I Forty-fifth Annual Commencement | on June the Ninth to the Fourteenth I Nineteen Hundred and Five | Iowa City, lowaj Pamphlet, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. The text is the title. The State University of Iowa | department of history] 1 Topics of Lectures on the Building of the Constitution | Broadside, 7^x6. The State University of Iowa | Iowa City, lowaj 1 Department of Physical Training and Athletics j 1 Pamphlet 12mo in size, quarto in fold, pp, [1], 2-6. Gives schednle and gen- eral directions. Issued October, 1906. First Annual Recitals j j department of public | speaking j | eight o'clock p. m. j |[cut]| j Wednesday, May 17, 1905 j Thursday, May 18, 1906 1 hall of liberal arts | =zz | Friday, May 26, 1906 1 opera house I j [seal] | these recitals are | free to the public j Pamphlet, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. The state university of Iowa j department of university extension j Iowa City : : Iowa | the industrial revolution | syllabus of six lectures |-by-|Isaac A. Loos | professor of political economy | and sociology! Pamphlet, 12mo in size, 16mo in fold, pp. [1-2], 8-80. State university of lowaj Iowa City, Iowa | Programme of Com- mencement Events, 1905 1 Card, 4x6. 402 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The state university of Iowa | Iowa City, Iowa, | 1 direotions and regulations for the | guidance of students 1 1 903-4 1 1 Pamphlet, 12mo in size, 16mo in fold, pp. [1], 2-18, [14-16], plate. The State University of Iowa | Iowa City] [seal] | Twenty Second Convocation Day | Thursday, September 22, 1904 1 Pamphlet, octaTO in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. The State University of Iowa | Iowa City | [seal] | The Twenty Third Convocation I Tuesday, October 11, 1904 1 1 programme! Leaflet, octavo in size, pp. [1-2]. The text follows the title. Programme of the college of medicine | state university of lows, 1905-1906 I Broadside, 17x6. Special announcement | of the | summer session | — of — [The State University of Iowa|June 19— July 29, 1906] Pamphlet, 12mo in size, quarto in fold, pp. [1-4]. The text follows the title. Dated: Iowa City, Iowa, Maj 81, 1906. The State University of Iowa | Iowa City | [seal]) Twenty-fourth Convocation I Wednesday, November 2, 1904 1 Opera House | Leaflet, octavo in size, pp. [1-2]. The state university of Iowa | Iowa City | [seal] | twenty-fifth convo- cation | Wednesday, February 22, 1905 1 at 10:30 a. m. | Washington's birthday I dedication of | the armory and athletic pavilion | Pamphlet, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. The State University of Iowa | [seal] | Twenty-seventh Convocation | the armory I September 21, 1905, 4 p. m. | 1 programme] Leaflet, octavo in size, pp. [1-2]. The State University of Iowa — The College of Liberal Arts and the Graduate College | programme for the year, 1904-5 1 Broadside, 10x88. The state university of Iowa | 1 history outlines | 1 the his- tory of Greece — history 1 1 Pamphlet, 12mo in size, 6mo in fold, pp. [1-2], 8-9. Prepared by Prof. H. Q. Plum and published in 1906. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 408 Official Souvenir Program | Ninth Annual Field Meet | of the | [out] Iowa State High School | Athletic Association | held on Iowa field | under the auspices of | the state university of Iowa | Iowa City, Iowa | May 20, 1904 1 Pamphlet, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-16]. The state university of Iowa | Iowa City, Iowa 1 1903-1904 1 1 directions and regulations for the (guidance of students) 1 Famplet, 12mo in size, lOmo in fold, pp. [1-20]. The text follows the title. The I state university | of Iowa | proposed | engineering quadrangle | Iowa Cityj (Reprint from Transit, 1905 1 Paper, octavo in size, 6mo in fold, pp. [1-12], plates [1-4]. The cover title reads: Proposed | Engineering jQuadrangle | State University of Iowa | Iowa City, lowaj Outlines of four lectures I Offered by Prof . A. A. Veblen|— of — | The State University of lowaj Iowa City, lowaj j These lectures are all fully illustrated by lantern | slides made by the author, es- pecially for this use. | Pamphlet, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. University extension | lectures j in j history | by | William Craig Wil- cox | professor of history I jThe State University of lowaj Iowa City, lowaj Pamphlet, octavo in size, folio in fold, pp. [1-4]. The State University of lowaj Iowa City, lowaj 1905-1906 j Directions and Regulations for the Guidance j of Students Pamphlet, 12mo in size, octavo in fold, pp. [1], 2-13. The text follows the title. Six unelected presidents j of the | United States j syllabus of six lectures! — ^by — j William Craig Wilcox | professor of history j The State University of Iowa j Pamphlet, 12mo in size, 16mo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-82. The state university of Iowa j department of university extension j Iowa City, Iowa | six uncrowned rulers j of modern Europe | syllabus of six lectures j — ^by — j William Craig Wilcox j professor of history j Pamphlet, 12mo in size, 16mo in fold, pp. [1-8], 4-81. 404 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The state university of Iowa | department of university extension I — ^the — I nineteenth oentury|in Europe | syllabus of six lectures I — ^by — I William Craig Wilcox | prof essor of history] Pamphlet, 12mo in size, 16mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-81. The state university of Iowa | department of university extension | six critical points | — in — | American history | syllabus of six lectures I — ^by — I William Craig Wilcox | professor of history | Pamphlet, 12mo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-24. The state university of Iowa | department of university extension | Iowa City, Iowa | six makers of America | syllabus of six lectures | — ^by — I William Craig Wilcox | professor of history] Pamphlet, 12mo in size, lOmo in fold, pp, [1-3], 4-19. The state university of Iowa | department of university extension | Iowa City, Iowa | six epochs of transition | in Europe | syllabus of six lectures | — by — | William Craig Wilcox | professor of history | Pamphlet, 12mo in size, 18mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-36. The eastern question | syllabus of six lectures] — ^by — ] William Craig Wilcox ] professor of history | The State University of Iowa | Pamphlet, 12mo in size, 16mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-81. The State University of Iowa | Iowa City ] [seal] ] record ] of the | board of regents ) January 8, 1904j]tfay 5-6, 1904] June IS-IG, 1904 ] executive committee ] From January 30, 1904, to June 23, 1904 | — ) building committee ] From January 30, 1904, to April 19, 1904 ] Wm. J. ]tfcChesney ] secretary ] Printed July 30, 1904 Paper, quarto in size, folio in fold, pp. [69-71], 72-216. The title is on the cover. STBAMBOATS, INSPBCT0B8 OF Report ] of the ) Inspectors of Steamboats ] to the ] governor of Iowa ] JGeo. B. Freeman) J. W. Chapel ) Alonzo A. JenksJJ. B. Thompson ] }- Boat Inspectors ] j printed by order of general as- sembly ] ]Des Moines : ] Bernard Murphy, state printer] 1905 ] Paper, octavo in size and fold, pp. [1-3], 4-9. The cover and inner titles are identical. Also included in Iowa documents, 1906, volume v. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF IOWA PUBLICATIONS 405 SUPBEMB COURT Statutes and rules | regulating practice | in | the supreme court | of | Iowa I (revised and adopted at the October term, 1903 1 to take effect January 1, 1904 1 1 published by {order of the supreme court] 1903 1 Paper, 12mo in size, 24mo in fold, pp. [1-3], 4-48. The cover and inner titles are identical. Reports | of | cases at law and in equity | determined by the | Supreme Court I of the I state of Iowa. | [October 1903 — February 1904. | 1 by I W. W. Cornwall. | 1 volume v. | being volume cxxii. of the series I Des Moines, Iowa :|Geo. U. Ragsdale, publisher, 1 1904. | Sheep, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-v], vi-iz, [z], 1-804, [866]. Reports | of | cases at law and in equity | determined by the | Supreme Court I of the I state of Iowa. | (January 1904 — ]tfay 1904. | | by| W. W. Cornwall. | [volume vi. [being volume cxxiii. of the series. [Des Moines, Iowa : [Geo. H. Ragsdale, publisher, 1 1904. | Sheep, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-v], vi-iz, [z], 1-869. Reports | of [ cases at law and in equity [ determined by the [ supreme court [ of the [ state of Iowa [ [ January — September, 1 904 1 j by[W. W. Cornwall [ 1 volume vii. [ being volume cxxiv of the series I [Chicago, Illinois: |T. H. Flood & Co., publishers, 1 1905 Sheep, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-v], vi-viii, 1-929. Reports | of [ cases at law and in equity | determined by the | supreme court I of the [ state of Iowa [ 1 January — December 1 904 1 [ by I W. W. Cornwall [ [volume viii[ being volume cxxv of the series I [Chicago, Illinois: [T. H. Flood A Co., publishers, [ 1905 | Sheep, octavo in size and fold, pp. [i-iv], v-iz, [z], 1-939. Reports | of [ cases at law and in equity [ determined by the [ supreme court [of the I state of Iowa[ [October 25, 1904 — March 10, 1905 1 |by[W. W. Cornwall [ [volume ix[ being volume cxxvi of the series I [Chicago, Illinois :|T. H. Flood .lioAA\ The Physical Evolution of New York City in a Hundred Years (third paper), by John Austin Stevens; The Van Sensselaer Family (con- cluded), by W. W. Spooner; and The Origin of the Book of Mot mon, by Theodore Schroeder. General Sociology ^ an exposition of the main development in soci- ological theory from Spencer to Ratzenhofer, by Albion W. Small, is a recent issue by the University of Chicago Press. In a volume of over seven hundred pages Professor Small treats scientifically of the structure and function of Society along with the psychical and ethical problems evolved in the social progress. The Twenty-Fourth Annual Seport of the Bureau of American Ethnologyy published in 1907, contains besides the administrative report of Chief W. H. Holmes, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1903, an accompanying paper on the Games of the North American Indiansy by Stewart Culin. Mr. Culin's paper covers about eight hundred pages and is illustrated by twenty-one plates and over a thousand figures. The fourth number of volume iv of the University of California Publications^ appearing in May, consists of a monograph of eighty- four pages on Indian Myths of South Central Calif omiay by A. L. Kroeber. The work is divided into two parts — part i, an introduc- tion in which the mythology of the northern central and southern central regions of California are discussed and compared, and part ii in which the myths themselves are given. A History of the American Whale Fishery y by Walter S. Towner, graphically describes the origin, progress, and decline of the Amer- ican whaling industry. Considerable attention is also given to the apparatus used in whaling, the whale products in commerce, and the 422 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS present status and future prospects of the industry. This publica- tion appears as number 20 in the series in Political Economy and Public Law of the Publications of the University of PennsylvanM. Factory Legislation in Pennsylvania: its JERstory and Admims- tratioHy by J. Lynn Barnard, is a thesis of nearly two hundred pages, issued by the University of PennsyWania as number 19 in the series in Political Economy and Public Law. The subjects considered re- late to early child labor laws, fire-escape legislation, early efforts toward legislation, the attempts to regulate the payment of wages, the general expansion of factory legislation, and present legal con- ditions. The Monroe Mission to France^ 1794-1796, by Beverly W. Bond, appears in the February-March, 1907, number of the Johns JBopkins University Sttidies in JERstorical and Political Science. This mono- graph of one hundred and four pages treats of the diplomatic rela- tions with France during the negotiation of the Jay treaty and the period of popular discontent which followed. The author gives the reasons for Monroe's appointment, relates the difficulties of the mis- sion occasioned by the attitude of the French government, and the violence of partisan opposition in America. The conclusion discus- ses extensively the reasons for Monroe's recall. lOWANA Fort Madison lUustraiedy 1906-1907, is a quarto publication of over sixty pages, issued by The Democrat Company, of Fort Mad- ison, Iowa. The Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Convention of the State Association of County Supervisors, held at Des Moines, Iowa, Jan- uary 23-25, 1907, has been issued as a pamphlet of fifty-eight pages. The Study of International Law in Law Schoolsy by Dean Charles Noble Gregory, of The State University of Iowa, has been issued as a twelve page reprint from the American Law School Review for May, 1907. SOME PUBLICATIONS 423 The Sioux City Public Library is a pamphlet of some twenty pages oontaining the report for the year 1906 and a sketch of the history of the institution. Two portraits and a cut of the library building illustrate the publication. Christian Science: A RefMonable Religion and a Prcustical Ther- apeutical Agency y by John L. Rendall, appears as a leading article in the Midwestern for June. Among the articles in the May number of this Iowa magazine is one on John Brown at SpringddUy by Dan Elbert Clark. TJie Des Moines Plan o/ City Government appeared as a campaign pamphlet of forty-one pages, giving the act as passed by the General Assembly of Iowa together with a short summary of the plan. The Des Moines plan was submitted to the voters of the city and adopted by them on June 20, 1907. A History of Scandinavian Studies in American Universities^ to- gether with a Bibliography y by George T. Flom, of The State Uni- versity of Iowa, appears as New Series No. 153 of the bulletins of The State University of Iowa. The text covers about forty-five pages and the bibliography — a valuable addition — about twenty pages. A Oenealogy written by Joseph Hartley in the seventy-fifth year of his life for the benefit of his children, followed with The Picture of a lAfe and issued as an in Memoriam is one of those rare items of lowana remarkable for their quaintness and their rarity. The booklet is of twenty pages and the edition is limited to fifty copies. The Iowa Medical Journal for June contains the following arti- cles: Thrombosis and JEmbolism^ by E. B. Rogers; A Few Surgical Curiosities^ by Frank S. Hough; Hydrotherapy for the Insane^ by Rebekah B. Wright; Nuclein^ by Ernest S. Heilman; and A Pew Remarks on General Anaesthesia with Special Reference to EtJier^ by Lawrence P. Piper. The History of the Northwest Iowa Conferenccy 1872-1903, by Bennett Mitchell, issued in 1904, gives in the three hundred and 424 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS fifty pages of the volume a general and biographical account of the events and leaders of the Methodist Episcopal church of northwest- ern Iowa. The volume is profusely illustrated with portraits. The author has been identified with Iowa Methodism for more than fifty years and consequently his narrative and biographical sketches have much of a reminiscent character. The Fori Dodge Chronicle for June 3, 1907, contains a group of biographical sketches of the various Mayors who have served the town of Fort Dodge, prepared by H. M. Pratt, Curator of the Web- ster County Historical Society. The first mayor of the town was the famous Major William Williams, who in 1857 led the Relief Expedition that marched to the rescue of the victims of the Spirit Lake Massacre. The Ox Team or the Old Oregon Trails 1852--1906, by Ezra Meeker, published in October, 1906, is an account of the author's trip to Iowa, and of a short residence therein, thence across the plains, from the Missouri River to Puget Sound, at the age of twenty- two, with an ox and cow team in 1852, and of his return with an ox team in the year 1906, at the age of seventy-six, with copious ex- tracts from his journal and other sources, along with a narrative of events and descriptions of past and present conditions. Issuing as a reprint from volume x of Proceedings of the Daven- port Academy of Sciences^ appears Mary Louisa Duncan IhUnam^ William Clement Putnam, by Elizabeth Duncan Putnam, consisting of memoirs of the author's mother and brother, the first of whom founded the Davenport Academy of Sciences and the second of whom bequeathed to it his estate. The pamphlet is well gotten up, cover- ing fifty-eight pages and is finely illustrated. A smaller item of similar form is the Dost Will and Testament of William Clement Putnam, printed for the executors of the estate. The Proceedings of the Ninth Iowa State Conference of Charities and Correction, held at Grinnell, Iowa, December 6 and 7, 1906, appeared in May, 1907. In a pamplet of seventy-four pages are in- SOME PUBLICATIONS 425 eluded the minates of the meeting as well as the papers read and the disoussions of the delegates. The important papers are: Presidenfs Address — The Nature and Origin of Crimey by F. I. Herriott; Work- ing Plana in Relief y by Charlotta Qoff ; TJie Chicago Parental School^ by Paul S. Peirce; The Iowa Juvenile Court Law\ its Provisions and its NeedSy by James A. Howe; The Overseer of the Poor^ by Samuel H. Crosby; and The Indeterminate Sentencey by 6. S. Robinson and Emlin McClain. History of the Upper Iowa Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Churchy 1866-1906, by Stephen N. Fellows, is an octavo volume of nearly three hundred pages, illustrated with many portraits of per- sons prominent in the work of the church during the period consid- ered. The volume begins with a chapter on the planting of Metho- dism in Iowa in 1833 and closes with a chapter on the semi-centennial celebration of the Upper Iowa Conference, held in Maquoketa, Octo- ber 3, 1906, at which time the semi-centennial address was given by the author of the volume. The volume treats fully of the church work in the Iowa District, the proceedings of the early Iowa Con- ferences and the early years of the Upper Iowa Conference. Chap- ters are given to the subjects of higher education by the church, on church extension, on patriotism and moral reform, and on church or- ganizations. Documentary material appears in the form of a histor- ical register, record of officials, statistical tables, and a roll of the the dead. Biographical sketches and a comparative view of Meth- odism in Iowa add interest to the volume. The publication appear- ed in April, 1907. The volume readily finds a place in that class of lowana which includes the historical treatises of the church organi- zations of the State. The Dubuque TeUgraphrHerald? s Abridged History of the State of Iowa and Directory of Fayette County is a book of about three hundred pages which is given as a premium with advance cash sub- scriptions to the Telegraph-Herald, Aside from its advertising feat- ures it serves an educational and a utilitarian purpose which makes 426 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS it worthy of comment. The book containa one hundred half-tone views of the beautiful Mississippi River scenery. This alone makes the book worthy of preservation. The county directory appended gives the book real utility. The title, Abridged History of the StcUe of Iowa, is something of a misnomer; for under the title is given not only a brief account of the discovery of America, the journey of Father Marquette, the Louisiana Purchase, and numerous facts and traditions of early Iowa (which lack logical arrangement) but in chapters numbered consecutively with the rest are included: what caused the death of our Presidents, the Connecticut Blue Laws, the greatest battles in history, the rise and fall of the Catholic Church in the United States, Bryan's lecture on the Value of an Ideal, Perry's landing in Japan, and a chronological list of important events in the history of the world — a lot of useful information that should be in the hands of every person. But to put such material under the title of the History of Iowa is misleading. A new edition of this book is in preparation, and if properly revised and rearranged will add much to the usefulness of the volume. HISTORICAL SOCIETIES The opening article of the Essex Institute JRstarical CoUectians for April is on The Early (Jhurch PUUe of ScUemj by John H. Back, and desoribes in detail the pieces belonging to the early churches of Salem, Massachusetts, reproducing the inscriptions. The American Monthly Magazine^ published by the National So- ciety of the Daughters of the American Revolution, opens its May number with the Address of Welcome by the President Oeneraly Mrs. Donald McLean^ to the Sixteenth Continental Congress, The opening article of the Journal of the Presbyterian Historical Society for June, 1907, is one by Louis F. Benson on The First Re- ligious Newspaper. In this issue are also printed Records of Acco- mack Counlyy Virginia^ Relating to the Rev. Francis Makemie. The principal article in the Medford Historical Register for April, 1907, published by the Medford Historical Society of Medford, Mas- sachusetts, is the 6rst installment of an address by Walter Kendall Watkins upon A Medford Tax Payer^ Lemuel CoXy the Bridge Builder and Inventor. Hon. William Clafliny LL.D.y by Charles Sidney Ensign, appears as the opening number of the April issue of the Nefw England BRs- torical and Genealogical Register. A supplement is issued with this number giving the proceedings of the Society at the annual meeting on January 80, 1907, together with memoirs of deceased members of 1906. The Register of Kentucky State Historical Society for May con- sists of a number of short articles, the longest of which is one on Daniel BoonCy by Mrs. Jennie C. Morton, Secretary of the Kentucky State Historical Society. Three portraits of Boone and views of his rifle and powder horn and his old fort at Boonesborough illustrate the article. 428 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Number four of the Annals of Jackson Countyy lowa^ appears as a pamphlet of about one hundred pages containing a number of short articles dealing largely with incidents and reminiscences of Jackson County. Among them is a short biographical sketch of Ansel Briggs, first Governor of the State of Iowa, whose home was at An- drew, in Jackson County. The January issue of The Qtiarterly of the Texas State Historical Association contains two articles — one by Ernest William Winkler, State Librarian, on The Seat of Government of Texas^ which is a continuation of a monograph upon that subject begun in the October, 1906, number, and the other by James Newton Baskett, being A Study of the Ito\Ue of Cabeza de Vaca. A volume of about one hundred and fifty pages has been published consisting of the Proceedings of the Johnson County [Iowa'\ Old Set- tlers Association. From 1866 to 1899 \189T\. This comprises the reports of the annual reunions and a number of the addresses, poems, etc., read at the various meetings of the Association, and constitutes an interesting source of local history. The first thirty-one pages of the Publications of the Southern JBXs- tory Association consist of three contributions of original source material including letters from Revolutionary War officers, letters throwing light upon the negro question, and an account of an early movement of French settlers to the United States. The remaining thirty-two pages consist of reviews of other publications. The State Historical Society of Wisconsin has issued a valuable publication in the Descriptive lAst of Manuscript Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin^ Together with JReports on other Collections of Manuscript Material for American History in Acfja- cent States. The volume contains nearly two hundred pages, is illus- trated by a portrait of Lyman C. Draper as a frontispiece, and b provided with an extensive index. The opening article of the Missouri Historical Society Collections for October, 1906, is by Reuben Gold Thwaites on Willumi Clark: HISTORICAL SOCIETIES 429 Soldiery Explorer^ Statesman. This was given as an address at the unveiling of a tablet to William Clark in St. Louis on September 22, 1906. The other articles of the issue are: SecoUections of an Old Actor y by Charles A. Krone; Memorial Sketch of Mr. Melvin X. ^^y> ^y Hon. Shepard Barclay; Notes on the Genealogy o/theVaU4 Family y by Mary L. Dalton; and A Batch of Old LetterSy 1840^1864. The April number of The South Carolina JERstorical and Geneal- ogical Magazine continues the publication of a series of Letters from the Marquis de Lafayette to Hon, Henry LaurenSy 1777-1780, Other documents in this issue are: An Order Book of the 1st Regt. S, C. LinCy Continental Establishment/ and papers of The St. George's Club. The closing article is one entitled John Taylor and his Tay- lor DescendantSy by B. F. Taylor. On April 13, 1907, the anniversary of the birth of Thomas Jeffer- son, the Louisiana Historical Society held exercises in commemora- tion of that statesman at Progressive Union Hall in New Orleans. Among the numbers on the program were: the Welcome Address y by Professor A. Fortier, President of the Louisiana Historical Society; Some Political Memoirs of Thomas Jeffersony by Professor John R. Ficklen; and the reading of the Declaration of Independence by Hon. H. Garland Dupre. The exercises closed with the singing of the Star Spangled Banner by representatives of the Louisiana Pur- chase States. The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society for December, 1906, contains a Diary of the Emigration of 184Sy kept by James W. Nesmith, between May 18 and October 28, 1843, while on the trail to Oregon. This piece of original material is a valuable contri- bution to the history of that great pioneer movement. The other article of the Quarterly is a Financial History of Oregon prepared under the direction of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, De- partment of Economics and Sociology, by F. G. Young. The arti- cle is accompanied by documents and statistical data and constitutes a valuable and scholarly piece of research. 480 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS A general view of the proceedings of the American Historical As- sociation for 1906 is given as the opening article in the April, 1907, issue of The American Historical Meview. The general articles are: Some English Conditions Surroundinff the Settlem^ent of Virginia^ by Edward P. Cheyney; Sovereignty in the American devolution: an Historical Stitdy^ by Claude H. Van Tyne; The Sharps Hifle Episode in Kansas History ^ by W. H. Isely; and The Attitude of Thaddeus Stevens totcard the Condtict of the Civil Wary by J. A. Woodbum. The Annals of Iowa for April, 1907, begins Tolume viii of that quarterly. The leading article is Memories of a Swedish Immigrant of 1852y by C. J. A. Ericson, a resident of Boone, Iowa. Other articles are: Pre- Olacial River Channels of Central lowa^ by Charles R. Keyes; Judge Jonathan C. Holly by Edward H. Stiles; Elipfuilet Pricey by Samuel Murdock; At Lincoln^ s First Inauguratiotiy by Charles Aldrich; The Dartmouth College CasCy by W. F. Brannan; The Plotting Out of an loira Towriy by S. B. Evans; and Genealogy in the Cemeteriesy by G. W. Crosley. Portraits are given of C. J. A. Ericson, J. C. Hall, and Frank T. Campbell. In The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography for April, 1907, besides the continuations of the Jouimals of the Council of Vir- ginia in Executive Session, 1737-1763, taken from the originals in the Virginia State Archives, of Virginia Legislative Papers from the same source, and of Virginia Colonial Records from the Virginia Manuscripts in the Library of Congress, we note a valuable reprint of Newport s Virginians Discovery , 1607 y A Description of the James JiiveTy the Country on its Ranks and the Aboriginal Inhabitants. This is introduced as the earliest description of Virginia, and as probably the first sent to England, being dated June 1, 1607. These papers have been printed only once before, in Archaeologia Atneri- cana in 1860. The Indiafui Quarterly Magazine oj^ History for June is largely devoted to the subject of internal improvements in Indiana, the HISTORICAL SOCIETIES 431 main contribution being an article on TJie National Roody by Smi- ley N. Chambers, which was read as a paper before the Indiana Cen- tennial Association, in Indianapolis, July 4, 1900. This magazine was, by resolution passed at a special meeting of the Indiana His- torical Society, April 26, 1007, made the official organ of that Soci- ety; and the local historical societies of the State were requested to send to this publication announcements and reports of proceedings for the purpose of establishing a convenient interchange of informa- tion among those interested in historical matters. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography for Janu- ary opens with an article by Hon. Samuel Whitaker Pennypacker on Bebber^s Tovmship and the Butch Patroons qf Pennsylva7iia, Other contributions to this number are: a Roster of the FreemasorCs Lodge Philadelphia No. i?, of the Modems ^ WarraiUed by Benjamin Frank- lin,, September 5thy llJfiy compiled from the original records by Ju- lius F. Saohse; The Historical Value of TrumbulTs ^^ Beclaration of TiHlrpendence'*\ by John H. Hazleton; Hon. Jam^ WUson at Read- ing,, Pennsylvaniay by Louis Richards; Account of Servants Bound and Assigned before James HamilUyiij Mayor of Philadelphia, by George Neible; and Joseph AtidrewSy by Mantle Fielding. This issue also contains Letters and Documents from the Clymer Papers and a continuation of Washington's Household Account Book, 1793- 17\)7. The principal article in the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly for April is on The Fxplorations of the Edwin Harness Movndy by William C. Mills. This mound is the largest of the fourteen mounds in the famous Harness group, located in Ross Coun- ty, Ohio. Explorations were made in 1846 by Squier and Davis, in 1885 by Professor F. W. Putnam, of Harvard, in 1896 by Profes- sor Warren K. Moorehead, and in 1903 by Professor William C. Mills himself. Mr. Mills reviews the previous explorations and de- scribes the final work upon the mound in detail. The article is ac- companied with a large number of cuts showing the mound and the material taken from it. The remaining articles in the issue are: 432 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Welsh Settlements in Ohio, by William Harvey Jones; The BcUtle of the Maumeey a poem, by N. B. C. Love; and the Twenty- Second Annual Meeting of the Ohio St€Ue ArchaeologiccU and Historical So- ciety. The Washington Historical Quarterly opens with an interesting article on Hugh Wynne, a Historical Novel, by Max Farrand. In it he tells of using the above mentioned historical novel as a subject for critical examination by an advanced class in historical criticism at Leland Stanford University. Among other articles in the issue we note Cook's Place in Northwest History, by J. N. Bowman, and A Vast Neglected Field for Archaeological Research, by Harlan I. Smith, the last named referring to ^'the territory roughly included in the area known as 'The Great Plains,' 'The Plateau Region,* and ' The Barren Lands,' — which forms such a vast portion of the North American Continent/' Under the heading Docttments is print- ed a diary of John £. Howell, an emigrant of 1845. The Year Hook of The Pennsylvania Society for 1907, a publica- tion of nearly three hundred pages, was distributed in April, 1907. This volume contains the proceedings of the eighth annual festival, the dinner being given in honor of the Secretary of State, Elihu Root. Besides the proceedings and addresses at the annual meeting the following supplementary papers are given: The American Press on Secretary Roofs Speech; A ITalendar of Franklin Commemorations; The IVill of Stephen Girard; Civic Festivals in 1906; Pennsylvania Anniversaries in 1906; Pennsylvania Monuments and Memorials Proposed or Erected in 1906; and Pennsylvania Books of 1906. The volume is profusely illustrated witii portraits, plates, and fao- similes. MADISON COUNTY UI8TOBICAL SOCIETY At a meeting of the Madison County Historical Society at Win- terset, March 19, 1907, the following program was given: History of the Madison County Mutual Insuratice Company, by George Storck; History of the Irish Settlement of Madison County, by James HISTORICAL SOCIETIES 438 Gillespie; IRstory of the German Settlement of Jefferson Township^ by George Storck and H. A. Mueller; How the New Court House was Taken, by Force^ by W. H. Lewis; History of the Madison County Fairsy by H. A. Mueller, and Reminiscences of Old Settlers^ by George Guye and others. Most of these papers have since been printed in the columns of the Madison County newspapers. THE DECATUB COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY At a meeting of the Decatur County Historical Society held at Leon, Iowa, on June 1, 1907, added life was given to the organiza- tion by the acquisition of thirty new members, llie meeting was called as a result of enthusiasm developed at the conference of local historical societies held at Iowa City under the auspices of The State Historical Society of Iowa at the time of the Anniversary of the Constitution of 1857. A new set of officers was chosen consist- ing of: President, Hon. G. P. Arnold, of Garden Grove; Vice Pres- ident, J. W. Harvey, of Leon; Secretary, H. C. Smith, of Lamoni; Assistant Secretary, Mrs. W. E. Meyers, of Leon. Two Curators, of Leon, were chosen, Mr. Stephen Varga and Mrs. L. P. Sigler, who are also members of the Leon Library Board and will care for any materials sent to the Society. A paper was read at the meeting by Mr. Arnold on matters con- nected with the Hungarian settlement at New Buda. This paper will be published by the Society in pamphlet form. The Decatur County Historical Society is a pioneer among local organizations, having been establbhed in 1901. Now in its widened form with headquarters at the county seat it bids fair to take a leading posi- tion among the local societies in the State. THE CHICAGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY On February 7, 1907, the Chicago Historical Society celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its establishment. A half century ago on February 7, 1857, a charter was given by the legislature of Illinois to a group of public spirited men whose purpose was ^'to encourage historical inquiry and spread historical information, especially within 484 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS the state of Illinois, and also within the entire territory of the north- west— to embrace alike their aboriginal and modern history." The prime mover in the organization of the Society seems to have been Rev. William Barry. The Society not only developed in its collection of books, manuscripts, and works of art but also performed a service to the City of Chicago by agitating with successful results the conversion of the cemetery of the city into what is now Lincoln Park. In 1868 the Society moved into a handsome building which had just been completed for the purpose and which was adequate for the growing need of room. Three years later, however, the disas- trous iire that visited Chicago destroyed the building and every vestige of the Society's valuable collections. Boxes of books were donated by friends and the society took heart once more and renewed its ef- forts toward collection. New quarters were secured in 1872, and active plans were laid for the future when in 1874 fire again destroyed every thing except a catalog of books, a few portraits, and some rec- ords. This was a wcllnigh fatal blow, but the support of certain benefactors of the institution succeeded in keeping it alive. Re- covering from the shock it had received, the Society again grew rapidly. In 1896 the present building was dedicated at the corner of Dearborn Avenue and Ontario Street. In this building the semi- centennial celebration was held. The only surviving charter mem- ber of the Society, Ezra B. McCagg, gave an informal reminiscent talk. Governor Dcneen also participated in the program. In the fifty years of its existence the Society has become one of the foremost historical societies in the West, possessing a library of 150,000 vol- umes, manuscripts, and pamphlets. Accounts of the history of the Society are found in the Chicago Record Herald and the Chioago Chronicle for February 8, 1907. THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF IOWA The members of the Society will be interested to learn that the recent increase in the annual appropriation will enable the Board of Curators to issue at least four or five volumes of historical matter each year. During the coming year the Board of Curators propose HISTORICAL SOCIETIES 485 to issue one volame of the Proceedings of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Constitution of lowa^ one volume of The Executive Journal of Imcay one volume of The Iowa Journal of History and Politics, one volume of The History of the Amana Society^ and one volume of the Iowa Biographical Series. A volume on Samuel Freeman MiUer^ now in press, will be issued by the Society in the Iowa Biographical Series. Dean Charles Noble Gregory, of the College of Law of The State University of Iowa, is the author of the book. At the May meeting of the Board of Curators the position of Su- perintendent and Editor was established, and Professor Benj. F. Shambaugh was chosen to fill the place. Mr. John C. Parish was chosen Assistant Editor for the ensuing year. The following persons have recently become members of the Soci- ety:— John W. Jayne W. K. Putnam W. O. Hart D. B. Stevenson F. C. Ensign Seth Dean Hill M. Bell Arthur J. Cox William H. Miner J. P. Cruikshank Mai-y R. Whitcomb Alice M. Steele Sara Hrbek Frederick E. Bolton Eliza Johnson William Larrabee Carl F. Kuehnle Members Lone Tree, Iowa Davenport,. Iowa New Orleans, Louisiana Des Moines, Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Glenwood, Iowa Des Moines, Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Cedar Rapids, Iowa Fort Madison, Iowa Des Moines, Iowa Des Moines, Iowa Cedar Rapids, Iowa Iowa City, Iowa Iowa City, Iowa life Members Clermont, Iowa Denison, Iowa 436 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The officers elected for the ensuing year are: President, Peter A. Dey; Vice President, Isaac A. Loos; Secretary, F. E. Horack; and Treasurer, Lovell Swisher. The Treasurer's bond was fixed at $5,000. In May, Mr. T. J. Fitzpatrick, who for two years and a half has served as Collector, resigned. During the time of his connection with the Society, Mr. Fitzpatrick did much to build up the Society's library of lowana and Americana. The notes on Americana and lawana in The Iowa Joubnal of History and Politics were largely compiled by him during the past two years. At the June meeting the following appointments were made by the Board of Curators upon the recommendation of the Superintend- ent:— Frank E. Horack, Custodian; Eliza Johnson, Accession Clerk; John C. Parish, Assistant Editor; Dan E. Clark, General Assistant; Pearl M. Landon, Superintendent's Clerk; Flora Waterbury, Sten- ographer; and F. H. Garver, Louis Pelzer, and E. H. Downey, Re- search Assistants. On Monday evening, June 24, at eight o'clock in the rooms of the Society there was held the regular business meeting of the members for the election of nine Curators. The persons elected to serve on the Board for two years were: M. W. Davis Isaac A. Loos Euclid Sanders Peter A. Dey A. E. Swisher L. G. Weld George W. Ball J. W. Rich Arthur J. Cox NOTES AND COMMENT Mr. Merlon L. Ferson has been appointed Assistant Instructor in Jurisprudence at The State University of Iowa. Mr. Frank E. Stevens announces a new edition of his volume on The Black Hawk War, which will be sold at a reduced price. Dr. Hugh S. Buffum, author of Federal and State Aid to Educa- tion in Iowa, has been elected to the Professorship in Education at Cornell College, Mt. Vernon, Iowa. The Fellowship in Political Science at The State University of Iowa for the ensuing year will be held by Mr. John C. Parish, au- thor of the biography of Robert JJucas. Mr. Dan E. Clark, for several years General Assistant in The State Historical Society of Iowa, has been appointed to the Scholarship in History at The State University of Iowa. Mr. Clarence W. Wassam has resigned as Instructor of Economics at The State University of Iowa to accept a Fellowship in the School of Philanthrophy at Columbia University in New York City. The Abstracters' Association of Iowa held their Annual Conven- tion at Des Moines, July 9-10, 1907. The officers of the Associa- tion are: Almor Stem, Logan, President; William B. Martin, Vice President; Alex Hastie, Des Moines, Secretary; and G. K. Hart, Knoxville, Treasurer. Under the title, Provisional Report on A Course of Study in His- tory, is published a thirty-nine page pamphlet of suggestions by the Committee of Eight of the American Historical Association. An effort is made to outline a course of study for the sixth, seventh, and eighth grades, considering the subject topically and endeavoring from the first to put the national history into its proper place in the history of the world. 488 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS There has been established at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in connection with The Torch Press (of which Mr. Luther A. Brewer is President) a book shop under the direction of Mr. William Harvey Miner. Western Americana and lowana will receive special attention in this unique and useful enterprise. The appointment of Mr. Edgar R. Harlan, of Keosanqua, to be Assistant Curator of the Historical Department of Iowa, at Des Moi- nes, adds materially to the efficiency of that institution. Mr. Harlan has been for years an enthusiast in local and State history, and has carried on investigations in historical lines that will be of value in his new field of work. The action of the General Assembly in giv- ing Curator Aldrich an assistant is a well merited recognition of his great services to the historical interests of the State in the last fifteen years. At Iowa City, on Tuesday evening, June 11, 1907, exercises were held known as the << Currier Fortieth,'' being a commemoration of the fortieth anniversary of the connection of Amos Noyes Currier with The State University of Iowa. The address of the evening was given by Hon. Clarence Newton Toung. On the afternoon of the same day exercises were held in honor of the sixtieth anniversary of The State University of Iowa. Justice Horace E. Deemer gave the principal address which was on the history of the University. Iowa Day was celebrated at Ames by the Iowa State College on December 20, 1906. On this day in 1813 Samuel J. Eirkwood, Iowa's War Governor, was born; and on this day, ten years before, occurred the formal transfer of the Louisiana Purchase to the United States. Exercises were held at the College chapel and addresses were made by President Storms, Dr. O. H. Cessna, and F. R. Con- away, The Ames Intelligencer for December 20, 1906, contains a notice of the exercises and a short biographical sketch of Governor Kirkwood. At the meeting of the American Historical Association at Provi- dence, the Committee on the Justin Winsor Prize announced the NOTES AND COMMENT 439 award of that prize to Miss Annie Heloise Abel, of the Women's College of Baltimore, for her monograph on The History of Events Resulting in Indian Consolidation West of the Mississippi JRiver. The Association adopted the recommendation of the committee that the prize be made $200 instead of $100 and that it be awarded bien- nally,. beginning with December, 1908. The lieport of the Departinent of Historical Research^ by J. Frank- lin Jameson, Director, extracted from the Fifth Year Book of the Carnegie Institution of Washington^ is issued in 1907 as a separate publication. This first annual report of Dr. Jameson is divided into three heads: (1) ** General Plans," (2) *' Work of the Past Year," and (3) ** Special Plans for 1907." A large part of the report is given up to the discussion of the preparation of reports, aids, and guides to the archives of America and of the countries of Europe, made and to be made under direction of the Department of Histor- ical Research. THE GEORGE PERKINS MONUMENT An interesting ceremony took place at Sharon Cemetery in Lee County, on May 28, 1907, at which time a monument to George Per- kins, soldier of the American Revolution, was dedicated. After a few remarks by Hon. D. A. Young on the History of the Movement to Secure the Monument and the Act of the Legislature^ the monument was unveiled by Miss Mollie Cruikshank, a descendant of George Perkins. Her father, Mr. J. P. Cruikshank, delivered the address of the day, taking for his subject the Life and Services of George Perkins. The subject of the address was born in the Blue Ridge Mountains of South Carolina. The records of the War Department show that his first enlistment was in May, 1776, from the State of South Carolina and that he enlisted no less than nine times in the regular service between that time and 1780, serving only as a private. After the war he moved west; and finally, in 1837, located in what lA now Lee County, Iowa, at that time a part of Wisconsin Territo- ry, Here he died some three years later. An appropriation of $500 by the General Assembly of the State of 440 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Iowa made possible this appropriate recognition of the services of the Revolntionary soldier. Besides the address of Mr. Cruikshank, addresses were given by Hugh M.. Craig, Mayor D. B. Hamill, of Keokuk, and Rev. E. B. Newcomb. Accounts of the dedication are given in the Daily Gate City^ of Keokuk, and the Fort Madison Weekly Democrat for May 29, 1907. SPECIAL PLANS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH FOR 1907 The following extract from the Fifth Year Hook of the Carnegie Institution of Washington gives briefly the special plans of the De- partment of Historical Research for the year 1907: ''Besides the maintenance of those varieties of work which have now become established routine to the department, the year 1907 ought, without much doubt, .... to see the issue of four publica- tions: The amplified edition of the Guide to the Archives at Wash- ington, and the guides to the materials for American history in the archives of Cuba, Great Britain (to 1783), and Spain. The last named volume can without difficulty contain our notes of manuscript transcripts and printed documents. The transcripts and printed documents from English archives are so numerous as to require that our notes on them be published separately from the Guide, in 1907, if possible; if not, in 1908. * * The work most needed in respect to the Washington archives is the preparation of an itemized calendar of the papers relating to the Territories, beginning with the Northwest Territory. It is for this class of papers that, owing to the increasing activity of historical work in the West, there is the largest demand for fuller information than is given in Messrs. Van Tyne and Leland's Guide. Moreover, they are so scattered through various Departments and bureaus, and have so little relation to the present business of the Federal Govern- ment (nearly all these Territories having now become States), that no single agency of that Government will be likely to feel an especial interest in the collection of information regarding them from all the depositories in Washington, while the cordial aid we have received NOTES AND COMMENT 441 in the preparation of the new edition of the Guide makes us confident that we shall receive every needed facility in this proposed advance into the second stage of exploitation of archives. During the year it may be expected that Professor Allison's inventory of historical materials in Protestant religious archives should be made nearly or quite ready for publication. ''As to the archives outside the United States, I desire to under- take first, and in the year 1907, the exploration of the archives of France and Mexico, on a plan similar to that which has been pur- sued in the case of England. The reasons in both cases have been set forth in an earlier paragraph. ''The collection of European treaties and of letters of delegates te the Old Congress may be expected to make large progress during the next year, the former possibly reaching completion. We ought also to make a beginning with some one of those series from British sources of which I described the need in the article in the American Historical Review, to which reference has already been made. In view of the movements on foot by other organizations, it now appears that the one for us to undertake, one certain not to be undertaken elsewhere, yet of great importance, is the collection of all accessible reports of debates in Parliament respecting American affairs previous to 1783. Doubtless it is popularly supposed that all this is in Cobbett; but this is far from being the case. Without going into the complicated bibliography of the pre-Hansardian debates, it may be said, briefly, that large parts of the debates can only be found by searching a va- riety of antiquated collections, wrongly supposed to have been super- seded by Cobbett, and few of which are to be found in the libraries of the United States; while large amounts of additional material exist only in manuscript, some in England, others, only recently discov- ered in France. It would be a great boon to students of the British administration of our colonies, and to students of our colonial his- tory in general, if from all sources, printed and manuscript, a schol- arly edition of the American portion of these debates were to be com- piled, and it is hoped that a beginning may be made at once." 442 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS AN IOWA PROGRAM FOR STUDY CLUBS [revised and enlarged] This program has been prepared in response to a demand for some specific suggestions and recommendations relative to subjects in Iowa History suitable to the purposes of study clubs in the State of Iowa. Clubs desiring to arrange for an Iowa program may prefer to make a selection from the subjects herein suggested rather than to follow out this entire program of thirty-two subjects. Again, some clubs may prefer to omit certain subjects and add others which relate di- rectly to the history of the locality — the history of the county or the history of the town or city in which the club is located may, for example, be preferred. The references given in connection with the several subjects are thought to be the best general references for the use of study clubs. The lists are brief, since it is thought that a greater number of refer- ences would in many cases lead to confusion. It is suggested that tlie local town or city library may be induced to secure all the refer- ences needed in carrying out this program. In case the local library can not afford to purchase the references most of them may be se- cured from the Traveling Library of the Iowa Library Commission. Siiould application be made to the Commission for these references, address. The Secretary of the Iowa Library Commission, Des Moi- nes, Iowa. The thought of preparing and publishing an Iowa program for study clubs was first suggested to The State Historical Society of Iowa by Miss Alice S. Tyler, Secretary of the Iowa Library Commis- sion. B. F. S. 1. Fatiiek Marquette and his Explorations in Iowa. Wkld, Laenas G. — Joliet and Marquette in Iowa. In The Iowa Journal of Hia- toiy and Politics. Vol. I, No. 1. January, 1903. Pp. 8-16. TiiWAiTEs, R. G. — Father Marquette. New York City: D. Appleton & Co. 1003. Wick, B. L. — The First lowan In The Iowa Historical Record. Vol. XVI, No. 2. April, 1000. Pp. 83-88. ir. The Louisiana Purchase. HosMER, J. K. — The History of the Louisiana Purchase. New York: D. Apple- ton & Co. 1002. NOTKS AND COMMENT 443 State Papers and Correspowlence Bearing upon the Purchase of the Territory of Louisiana. Washington: U. S. Government. IIKKS. [This is House Docu- ment No. 481 of the 57th Congress, 2d Seiwion.] Dean, Hkxry Clay. — The Philosophy of the History of tfie Louisiana Purchase. In the Annals of Iowa. Vol. XII, No. 8. July, 1874. Pp. 1(U-1W. III. JuLiKN Dubuque am> tiik Mini:s of Spain. Laxgworthy, Lucius. — Dubuque: Its History^ Mines, Indian Legends^ etc, Du- buque, Iowa: Dubuque Literary Institute. 1855. Shi It AS, O. P. — The Mines of Spain. In the Annals of Iowa. 3(1 Series, Vol. V, N<». 5. April, 1902. Pp. 821-884. GuK, n. F.-'IIistory of Iowa, etc. Vol. I. Pp. 100-1 Itt. New York City: The Century History Co. 1008. Sai.tkr, William.— loioa: The First Free State in the Louisiana Purchase. Pp. 41-46. Chicago: A. C. McClui-g & Co. HWO. IV. The Expedition of Lewis and Clark. Thwaitks, R. G. — Original Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition 7 vols, and an atlas. New York: Dodd, Mead, & Company. 1004. CocRs, Elliott. — History of the Expedition under the Command of Lewis and Clark. 4 vols. New York: Francis P. Harper. 1808. Whkkler, O. D.—The Trail of Lewis and Clark, 1804-1004- 2 vols. New York and London: G. P. Putnam's Sons. 1004. HosMER, J. K. — Uistory of the Expedition of Captains Lewis and Clark, 1804'S-6. 2 vols. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. 1002. Sabin, Henry and £. L.—TJie Making of Iowa. Ch. XIV. Chicago: A. Flana- gan Co. 1000. Dyk, Eva Emery. — The Conquest: The True Story of Lewis and Clark. Chicago: A. C. McClurg & Co. 1002. [An historical novel.] [Vol. V of the Publications of the Montana Historical Society (Helena, Mont.) is a Lewis and Clark memorial volume, and contains much valuable mate- rial on the subject.] V. Tiik Missouri Compromise AND its Pi.ack in Iowa Histoky. Sua Mil A UGH, B. F. — Bocumenlary Material lielating to the History of Iowa. Vol. I. Pp. 30-48. Iowa City, Iowa: The Stale Historical Society of Iowa. 1807. WooDBURx, J. A. — The Historical Significance of the Missouri Compromise. In American Historical Association Report. 1808. I^. 240-207. [There is no article on the relation of the Missouri Compromise to the History of Iowa. Any good account of the Missouri Compromise in a standard United States history will give the information on the Compromise. Its relation to Iowa history must be deduced from a knowledge of both subjects.] 444 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS VI. The Pioneers of Iowa. SuAMBAuoH, B. F. — History qf the ConstUvUiona qf lovoa, Cb. III. Des Moines: The Historical Department. 1002. [Other articles are scattered through the Annals of Iowa and The Iowa Histor- ical Record, and in county histories.] VII. The Original Territory of Wisconsin. Shambauoh, B. F. — History of the Constitutions of Iowa. Ch. V. Des Moines: The Historical Department. 1002. SiiAMBAUOH, B. F. — Documentary Material Relating to the History cflowa. Vol. I. Pp. 77-00. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1897. GuE, B. F.— History of Iowa, etc. Vol. I, Ch. XI. New York City: The Cen- tury History Co. 1008. VIII. TuE Territory of Iowa. Shambaugh, B. F. — History of the Constitutions of Iowa. Chs. VI-IX. Des Moines: The Historical Department. 1002. Shaxbauoh, B. F. — Documentary Material Relating to the History of Iowa. Vol. I. Pp. 101-128. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1807. GuB, B. ¥.— History cf Iowa, etc. Vol. I, Chs. XlV-XVin. New York City: The Century History Co. 1008. Parish, John C.^Robert Lucas. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1007. IX. The Indians of Iowa and Treaties with the Indians of tub Iowa Country. PiCKARo, J. L. — Iowa Indians. In Iowa Historical Lectures 1802. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1808. Pp. 80-62. Clark, C. A. — Indians of Iowa. In the Annals of Iowa. 8d Series. Vol. VI^ No. 2. July, 1008. Pp. 81-106. Sarin, Hbnrt and £. L.— The Making qf Iowa. Chs. IV-IX, XVI, XVII, XXIX. Chicago: A. Flanagan Co. 1000. Indian Affairs, Law8 and Treaties. Vol.11. Treaties. Washington: U. S. Gov- ernment. 1008. [This is Senate Document No. 462 of the 57th Congress, 1st Session. It contains the texts of all the Treaties of the U. S. Govern- ment with the Indians of the Iowa Country.] X. Black Hawk and Keokuk. RicHMAN, I. B.— Black Hawk and Keokuk. In his John Brown Among the Qua- kers and Other Sketches. Pp. 70-110. NOTES AND COMMENT 445 Stevens, Frakk 1E,—The Black Hawk War Indudifig a Befriew of Black BavsV% Life, Chicago: F. £. Steyens. 1008. [Biaterial on Keokok in this yolome may be found on congulting the index.] Peck, Mrs. W. V,— Black Hawk. In the Annals of Iowa. 8d Series. Vol. II, No. 6. July, 1806. Pp. 450-464. Sabin, Henry and E. L.— 7%6 Making of Iowa. Ch. VI. Chicago: A. Flana- gan Co. 10(»0. XI. The Missouri Boundary Dispute. Parish, John C— Robert Lucas. Ch. XXII. Iowa City, Iowa: The SUte His- torical Society of Iowa. 1007. Shambaugh, B. F. — Executive Journal of Iowa, 1838^1841. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1006. Shambaugh, B. F. — The Messages and Proclamations qf the Oovernors cf Iowa. Vol. It Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1008. Negus, Charles. — The Southern Boundary cf Iowa. In the Annals of Iowa. Vol. IV, No. 4. October, 1866. Pp. 74»-768. Vol. V, No. 1. January, 1867. Pp. 786-708. [Other scattered accounts are found in the Annals of Iowa, in The Iowa Histor- ical Record, and in almost all general treatises upon the history of Iowa.] XII. The Spirit Lake Massacre. Carpenter, C. C.—T?ie Spirit Lake Massacre. In the Midland Monthly. Vol. IV, No. 1. July, 1806. Pp. 17-81. [See also in this same number of the Midland Monthly Mrs. Sharp^s article on page 82.] Sharp, Abbib Gardner. — History of ih/t Spirit Lake Massacre and Captivity cf Miss Albie Gardner. Des Moines: Iowa Printing Co. 1886. Spirit Lake Expedition. In the Annals of Iowa. 8d Series. Vol. Ill, No. 7. October, 1808. Pp. 481-668. RiCHXAN, I. B. — T?ie Tragedy at Minnewaukon. In his John Brown Among the Quakers and Other Stretches. Pp. 201-286. XIII. The Meskwaki Indians in Tama County Ward, Durbn J. U.—Meskwakia and The Meshoaki Peoj^ of To-day. In The Iowa Journal of History and Politics. Vol. IV, No. 2. April, 1006. Pp. 170-210. Rebok, Horacb M.-^The Last cf the Musquakies. In The Iowa Historical Rec- ord. Vol. XVII, No. 8. July, 1001. Pp. 806-386. Owen, Mart A.— Folk-Lore cf the Musquakie Indians cf North America. Lon- don: David Nutt, for the Folk-Lore Society. 1004. BicKNBLL, A. B.—Tama County Indians. In the Annals of Iowa. 8d Series. Vol. IV, No. 8. October, 1800. Pp. 106-208. 446 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The Indiana of Tama County. In The Iowa Historical Record. Vol. XI, No. 8. July, 1806. Pp. 332-834. PuESTON, Ruth laisH.— Tama Indiana and the Scare of 1864. In The Iowa His- torical Record. Vol. XIV, No. 2. April, 1898. Pp. 249-266. XIV. The Claim Laws of Early Iowa. SiiAMBAuoH, B. F. — Frontier Land Clubs or Claim Associations. Washington: U. S. Government. 1901. [Reprinted from the American Historical Asso- ciation Report for 1900. Vol. I. Pp. 67-84.] SiiAMBAUGH, B. F. — History of the Constitutions of Iowa. Chs. HI, IV. Des Moines: The Historical Department. 1902. Shambauoh, B. F. — Iowa City: A Contribution to the Early History of Iowa, Pp. 7-16. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1893. Shambaugh, B. F. — CoTiatitution and Records of the Claim Associcttion cf Johnson County, Iowa. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1894. XV. The Constitution of 1844 and the Boundary Dispute IN 1845. GuE,B.Y.^nistoryofIowa,etc. Vol.1. Chs. XVII, XVIIL New York City: The Century History Co. 1908. Shambauoh, B. F. — History of t?ie ConstitiUions of Iowa, Chs. X-XTV. Des Moines: The Historical Department. 1902. Shambauoh, B. ¥.— -Fragments of the Debates of Qk/t Iowa Constitutional Conven- tions of 1844 and 1846, etc. Pp. 3-313. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Histor- ical Society of Iowa. 1900. Shambauoh, B. F. — Documentary Material Relating to the History of Iowa. Vol. I. Pp. 160-183. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1897. XVI. The Constitution of 1846 and the Admission of Iowa INTO THE Union. Shambauoh, B. ¥.— Documentary Material Relating to the History of Iowa. Vol. I. Pp. 123-131, 186-214. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1897. Shambauoh, B. F. —History of the Constitutions of Iowa. Chs. XV-XVHI. Des Moines: The Historical Department. 1902. Shambauoh, B. F.— Fragments of the Dibates of the Iowa Constitutional Conven- tions of 1844 and 1846, etc. Pp. 317—401. Iowa City, Iowa: The State His- torical Society of Iowa. 1900. XVII. The Capitals of Iowa. Lathrop, H. W.— r^ Capitals and Capitols of Iowa. In The Iowa Historical Record. Vol. IV, No. 3. July, 1888. Pp. 97-124. NOTES AND COMMENT 447 GuE, B. ¥. —History of Iowa, etc. Vol. I. Chs. XVI, XX, XXVIH. New York City: The Century History Co. 1903. Sabin, Henrt and E. L.— The Making of Iowa. Ch. XXIV. Chicago: A. Flan- agan Co. 1000. SnAMBAuon, B. F. — Iowa City: A Contribution to the Early History of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1898. XVJII. The Govbrxors of Iowa. Shambauuh, B. F. — The Messages and Proclamations of the Govemore of Iowa, 7 vols. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1903-06. [Contains in addition to Messages and Proclamations a brief biographical sketch of each Governor.] XIX. Robert Lucas, First Governor of the Territory of Iowa. Parish, John C. — Robert Lucas. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1907. Parish, John C. — The Robert Lucas Journal. Iowa City, Iowa: The State His- torical Society of Iowa. 1906. Also published in The Iowa Journal of His- tory and Politics. Vol. IV, No. 8. July, 1906. Pasyin, T. S. — General Robert Lticae. In the Annals of Iowa. 8d Series. Vol. II, No. 6. July, 1896. Pp. 409-487. Robert Lucas, The First Governor cf lowa^. In the Annals of Iowa. Vol. vm, Nos. 1-8. January^uly, 1870. Pp. 44-60, 166-169, 28a-290. Shambaugh, B. F.— T^ Messages and Proclamations of the Oovemore of Iowa. Vol. I. Pp. 71-246. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1908. XX. The Lucas-Conway Controversy. Parish, John C.— Robert Lucas. Chs. XVII-XXI. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1907. Shambaugh, B. Y.— History of the Constitutions of Iowa. Pp. 128-064. Dea Moines: The Historical Department. 1902. Shambaugh, B. F. — Executive Journal of Iowa, 1838-1841. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1906. Llotd, Frederick. — Robert Lucas, the First Governor of Iowa. In the Annals of Iowa. Vol. VIII, No. 2. April, 1870. Pp. 166-166. [A number of short discussions of this controversy appear in the Annals of Iowa, The Iowa Historical Record, and in general treatises on Iowa history.] XXI. James W. Grimes — Opponent of Slavery. Salter, William. — TJie Life of James W. Grimes. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1876. 448 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Carpbntbb, C. C. — James W. OrimeSy Oovemor and Senator. In the Annals of Iowa. 8d Series. Vol. I, No. 7. October, 1894. Pp. 605-526. Shambauoh, B. F. — The Messages and Proclamations of the Governors of Iowa. Vol. n. Pp. 3-112. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1008. XXII. Samubl J. EiBKwooD — Iowa's War Goybbnob. Lathrop, H. W. — The Life and Times of SamwX J. Kirkmood^ etc. Iowa City, Iowa: The Author. 1808. Samuei Jordan Kirkwood. In The Iowa Historical Record. Vol. X, No. 4. Oc- tober, 1804. Pp. 145-158. Shambauoh, B. V.^The Messages and Proclamations of the Ooitemors of Iowa. Vols. II, IV. Iowa City, Iowa: The State Historical Society of Iowa. 1008. XXIII. Thb Iowa Band. Adams, Sphraim. — The Iowa Band. Boston: The Pilgrim Press. No date. Maooum, Rbv. G. F.— 7^ Iowa Band of 184S. In the Annals of Iowa. 8d Se- ries. Vol. I, No. 7. October, 1804. Pp. 525-581. XXIV. Thb Mobmons in Iowa. Sabim, Hbmrt and E. L.—The MaJcing of Iowa. Ch. XXVI. Chicago: A. Flan- agan Co. 1000. QvE.B.F.—Historvqflowajetc. Vol.1. Ch. XIX. New York City: The Cen- tury History Co. 1008. LiKN, W. A. — The Story of the Mormons^ etc. New York City: The Macmillan Co. 1002. Bloombr, D. C.^The Mormons in Iowa. In the Annals of Iowa. 8d Series. Vol. II, No. 8. January, 1807. Pp. 58^-602. XXV. Old John Bbown in Iowa. RiCHMAN, Ibyimo B. — John Brown Among the (iuakers and Other Sketches. Pp. 11-50. Des Moines: The Historical Department. 1807. Lloyd, Fredbrick. — John Brown Among the Pedes Quakers. In the Annala of Iowa. Vol. IV, Nos. 2-4. April-October, 1866. Pp. 665, 712, 750. Sarin, Hbnrt and E. L. — The Making of Iowa. Ch. XXXI. Chicago: A. Flan- agan Co. 1000. XXVI. Thb Amana Socibtt ob Community op Tbub Inspi-* BATION. Nob, C. F. — A Brief History of the Amana Society. In The Iowa Journal of His- tory and Politics. Vol. II, No. 2. April, 1004. Pp. 162-187. HoRAK, Bbrtha M. — Amana Colony. In the Midland Monthly. Vol. VI, No. 1. NOTES AND COMMENT 449 Shambauou, Bbrtha M. H.~[An extenaive history of the Amana Society to be published by The State Historical Society of Iowa, now in press.] Shambauoh, Bbrtha H. — The Amana Society, In the World To-day. Vol. in. No. 4. Shambauoh, Bbri^a H. — Some of the Economic and IndiuMal Phases of the Ama- na Society or tAe Community of True Inspiration. — Iowa Bureau of Labor Statistics. Ninth Biennial Report. 1899-1900. Pp. 49a-612. FsBKiifB, W. R. and Wiok, B. L. — History of the Amana Society or Community of True Inspiration. Iowa City, Iowa: The State University. 1891. XXVII. ICAEIA. Shaw, Albert. — Icaria: a Chapter in the History of Communism. Ch. V. New York City: G. P. Putnam^s Sons. 1884. Wick, B. L. — 77ie Icarian Community: Story of Etienns CabeVs Egsperiment in Communism. In the Midland Monthly. Vol. in. No. 4. April, 1896. Pp. 870-S76. Gray, Charlbb. — The Icarian Community. In the Annals of Iowa. 8d Series. Vol. VI, No. 2. July, 1903. Pp. 107-114. Huff, S. W.--Icaria. In the Annals of Iowa. Vol. V, No. 2. April, 1867. Pp. 848-868. XXVIII. The Teappist Abbey op New Melleeat. Pbrkimb, W. H.-^History of the Trappist Ahbey of New MeUeray in Dubuque County t Iowa. Iowa City, Iowa: The State University. 1892. . XXIX. The Coppeehead Movement in Iowa. Lathrop, H. W.^The Life and Times of SamutX J. Kirkwood, etc. Pp. 238-266. Iowa City, Iowa: The Author. 1898. Gdb, B. Y.— History qflowa^ etc. Vol I. Pp. 81-92. New York City: The Cen- tury History Co. 1903. Bybrs, S. H. M.— Iowa in War Times. Chs. XV, XXII, XXXVI. Des Moines, Iowa: W. D. Condit & Co. 18»8. Report qfthe Ad{fiUant General of the State of Iowa for 1864. Appendix I. [Much material upon this subject is to be found in the contemporaneous newspa- pers and in the county histories.] XXX. Iowa and the Civil War. Btbrs, S. H. lA.—Iowa in War Times. Des Moines, Iowa: W. D. Condit & Co. 1888. GuB, B. 1^. —History of Iowa, etc. Vols. I and n. New York City: The Century Histoiy Co. 1908. 450 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Lathrop, H. W. — The Life and Times of Samuel J. Kirkwood, etc. Iowa City, Iowa: The Author. 1893. Reports of the AdjyUaid General of the State of Iowa from 1861-1805. XXXI. Early Forts of Iowa. Flagler, D. W. — A History of the Rock Island Arsenal. WaahingtOD, D. C: Government of the United States. 1877. Peck, Maria. — Fort Armstrong. In the Annals of Iowa. Sd Series. Vol. I, No. 8. January, 1896. Pp. 602-613. [A series of articles on the forts of Iowa is to be found in the Annals of Iowa, 8d Series, Vols. Ill and IV. The various county histories also contain material upon this subject.] XXXII. Prohibition in Iowa. Clark, Dak E. — The Beginnings of Liquor Legislation in Iowa. In The Iowa Journal of History and Politics. Vol. V, No. 2. April, 1907. Pp. 193-212. Wines, F. H. and Koren, Johv. — The Liqu^tr Problem in its Legislative Aspects. Pp. 96-140. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, & Company. 1897. Some Significant Dates in Early Iowa History 1678 Father Marquette landed near the month of the Iowa River. 1788 Julien Dubnque settled on the present site of Dubuque. 1803 The Province of Louisiana purchased by the United States. 1804 The District of Louisiana established — included the Iowa country. 1804 The Lewis and Clark expedition passed through western Iowa. 1805 Lieutenant Pike explores the Mississippi to its headwaters. 1805 The Territory of Louisiana established — included the Iowa country. 1808 Fort Madison established. 1812 The Territory of Missouri established — included the Iowa country. 1816 Fort Armstrong established on Rock Island. 1820 The Missouri Compromise — made the Iowa country free ter- ritory. 1832 The Black Hawk War — terminated in the cession of the Black Hawk Purchase. NOTES AND COMMENT 451 1833 The Iowa country opened up for settlement in June. 1834 The Iowa country attached to and made part of the Territory of Michigan. 1834 Fort Des Moines (No. 1) established. 1835 Albert Miller Lea explores the interior of the Iowa country. 1836 The original Territory of Wisconsin established — included the Iowa country. 1836 Belmont made the Capital of the Territory of Wisconsin. 1837 Burlington became the Capital of the Territory of Wisconsin. 1838 The Territory of Iowa established on July 4. 1839 Iowa City located as the permanent Capital of the Territory of Iowa. 1839 Hostilities on the Missouri border line. 1841 The Legislative Assembly removed from Burlington to Iowa City. 1843 Fort Des Moines (No. 2) established. 1843 The <*Iowa Band" came to Iowa. 1844 The iirst Constitutional Convention held at Iowa City. 1845 The Constitution of 1844 twice rejected by the people. 1846 The second Constitutional Convention met at Iowa City. 1846 Iowa admitted into the Union on December 28. 1846 Mormon migration across Iowa. 1850 Fort Dodge established. 1854 James W. Grimes elected Governor of Iowa. 1855 The Amana Colony settled in Iowa. 1856 The Republican Party of Iowa first organized in February. ^o'^H r The return of the Meskwakis to Iowa. 18o7 ) 1857 The Spirit Lake Massacre. 1857 The third Constitutional Convention held at Iowa City. 1858 i '^^® Capital removed from Iowa City to Des Moines. 1860 Samuel J. Kirkwood inaugurated as Governor in January. 452 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Oovemors of Iowa Henby Dodge, 1886-1888 Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872-1876 Robert Luoab, 1888-1841 S. J. Kirkwood, 1876-1877 John Chambbrb, 1841-1845 Joshua 6. Newbold, 1877-1878 James Clarke, 1845-1846 John H. Gear, 1878-1882 Ansel Bbigos, 1846-1850 Buben R. Shebman, 1882-1886 Stephen Hempstead, 1850-1854 William Labbabbe, 1886-1890 James W. Gbimes, 1854-1858 Hobace Boies, 1890-1894 Ralph P. Lowe, 1858-1860 Fbank D. Jackson, 1894-1896 S. J. EiBKWooD, 1860-1864 Fbancis M. Dbakb, 1896-1898 William M. Stone, 1864-1868 Leslie M. Shaw, 1898-1902 Samuel Mbbbill, 1868-1872 Albebt B. Cummins, 1902- CONTMBUTORS Hugh Straight Buffum, Instractor in Education at The State Uniyenity of Iowa. (See The Iowa Joubnal of Histo- BY AND Politics for October, 1906, p. 680.) Royal Bbunson Way, Instractor in History at Northwest- ern UniverBity, EvanBtoii, Illinois. Elected Assistant Professor of Political Science and History at Beloit College. Bom at Al- legan, Michigan, 1873. Gradoated from Albion College, Mich- igan, in 1894, and from the UniverBity of Michigan in 1896. Received the degree of Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin in 1906. Author of Diptomatic Relations with France During the Oivil War. T. J. Fitzpatriok, Collector for The State Historical Soci- ety of Iowa. (See The Iowa Journal of Uistobt and Poli- tics for April, 1907. p 308.) THE IOWA JOURNAL of History and Politics OCTOBER Nineteen Hundred Seven Volume Five . . . Number Four ■i- K \ i! if *t i JUDICIAL DISTRICTING IN IOWA The purpose of this paper is to outline briefly the history \>f judicial districting in Iowa, and to indicate by maps the territory included in the several districts which were estab- lished from time to time. The history of Iowa readily falls into three main divisions: (1) the Territorial period; (2) the period of the first Constitution; (8) the period of the present Constitution. And so the history of judicial dis- tricting will be treated in the order of these divisions. I THE TERRITORIAL PERIOD Iowa has an interesting Territorial history. By an act of Congress, approved June 28, 1884, the Iowa country was attached to the Territory of Michigan. On April 20, 1886, it was made a part of the original Territory of Wisconsin; and two years later, on June 12, 1888, Congress passed an act establishing the Territory of Iowa. After eight years of TeiTitorial existence, Iowa was admitted to the Union as a State on December 28, 1846. JUDICIAL STATUS DURING THE MICHIGAN PEBIOD There really was no judicial districting of the Iowa coun- try during the two years that it formed a part of the Terri- tory of Michigan. However, on September 6, 1884, by an act of the Legislative Council the territory lying west of the Mississippi and north of a line drawn due west from the 466 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND P lower end of Bock Isl&nd to the MiBBonii Bit ized into the County of Dabnqne. The ten: thia line was organized as the Connty of Dem Moreover, section three of this act of tl CouncU of the Territory of Michigan pro? connty court shall be and hereby is eetablisli the said connties;" whUe section six declared t eivil and criminal, issued from the circoit United States for the county of Iowa, shal parts of said counties of Dabaqae and Demc be served by the sheriff or other proper < either of said connties ; writs of error shall lie cuit court for the county of Iowa, to the count lished by this act, in the same manner as tl from the supreme court to the several couni courts of the Territory."' Thus it will be seen that daring the Michi{ Iowa country formed an area which was subjei diction of the Circuit Court of the United I Connty of Iowa. (See Map I.) jnDIOIAI, DI8TBI0TINO DUBIHO THE WI800N Section nine of the Organic Act establishiu Territory of Wisconsin made provision for Territory into three judicial districts.' Accop the first acts passed by the first Legislative . one entitled "An Act to establish the jndici 1 This apelling la preferred to " Dee Holnea " whea refen original couDtf. » Lawi Df U« Temton/ of if icAi^on, Vol. UI, p. 1326. ■ £aiM q/ Ue TtrriUrni qf TFiKonsIn, 1836, p. 8. f ii; I 458 IOWA JOURKAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS the Territory of WiHconBin, and for other purposes.*' ' By this act die counties of Dubuque and Des Moines were con- stitnted the second judicial district and Judge David Irwin, of the Supreme Court of the Territory, was appointed dis- trict judge. Daring the Wisconsin period, tfaer^ore, the Iowa country formed a distdoct and independent judicial district. (See Map II.) THB PBOOLAHA-nOH OF 8BCBKTAET CONWAY The act of Congress dividing the Territory of Wisconsin and establishing the Territory of Iowa, provided that the new Territory should be divided into three judicial districts, and that each district should have a court presided over by one of the judges of the Supreme Court. Fnrthermore, unless and until the legislature should pass some act on the subject, the Governor was given the power to define the districts and assign the judges.^ In accordance with this provision, Wm. B. Conway, Sec- retary of the Territory (who had assumed the duties of Act- ing Governor prior to the arrival of Governor Robert Lucas), issued, on July 25, 18S8, a proclamation dividing the Terri- tory into three judicial districts.* The first district consisted of the counties of Clayton, Dubuque, Jackson, and Cedar, and was assigned to Judge Thomas S. Wilson. The second district was composed of the counties of Scott, Musquetine,* Louisa, Slaughter," and Johnson, and the district court ' Lauia qf Ute TerrOory of WiaeonHn, 188fl, p. 18. » Lawt ttftlu Territon/ of Iowa, 1888, pp. 81-40. * Shambangh's Mattagei and ProelamatUna of the Omentort ^ Iowa, Vol. I, ' pp. 206-208. * The otiginal «pelUiig. * Mama changed to " Washington " by act of Jaauary 2C, 1839. ■I l]J 'H I ; « 460 IOWA JOURNAL OF fflSTORY AND POLITICS therein was to be presided over by Judge Joseph Williams The counties of Lee, Van Buren, Henry, and Des Moine constituted the third district, which was assigned to Gharle Mason, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. (See Map IIL It will be observed by reference to the map, that in addi tion to the above named counties the first judicial distric included the counties of Fayette, Delaware, Buchanan, Jone€ linn, and Benton, and that the second judicial district in eluded the counties of Clinton and Keokuk. This fact i explained by an act of the Legislative Assembly of the Tei ritory of Wisconsin, approved December 21, 1887,^ by whicl the county of Fayette was attached to the county of Clay ton, the counties of Delaware and Buchanan to the counts of Dubuque, the counties of Jones, Linn, and Benton U the county of Jackson, the county of Clinton to the count] of Scott, and the counties of Johnson and Keokuk to th< county of Cedar. But in the districting by Secretary Con way, Johnson County formed a part of the second judicia district, while Cedar County was included in the first judi cial district. Therefore, although there is no positive evi dence to that effect, it is presumed that in Conway's dig tricting Keokuk County was attached to Johnson rathe than to Cedar County and so was included in the secom judicial district. THE ACT OF 1889 The first act of the Legislative Assembly of the Territor of Iowa relative to judicial districts was one entitled, " Ai Act fixing the terms of the Supreme and District Courts o 1 Laws of the Territory qf Witcorain, 1887, pp. 182-188. // / Bt Wm. B. Cokwat 462 IOWA JOURNAL OF fflSTORT AND POLITICS the Territory of Iowa, and for other purposes/' appro January 21, 1889.^ This act divided the Territory i three judicial districts as follows: — ^The first district i composed of the counties of Henry, Van Buren, Lee, i Des Moines, and was assigned to Chief Justice Charles ] son. The second district was composed of the counties Louisa, Muscatine, Cedar, Johnson, and Slaughter,^ and ^ assigned to Judge Joseph Williams. The third district i composed of the counties of Jackson, Dubuque, Scott, f Clayton, and was assigned to Judge Thomas S. Wils (See Map IV.) Section four of this act further provided that " for judi^ purposes, the county of Linn' is hereby attached to the co ty of Johnson, the county of Jones to the county of Cec and the county of Clinton to the county of Scott*' Following the act of 1889 dividing the Territory i judicial districts were numerous acts defining the ]udi< status of the various counties as they were established organized from time to time. The^ first of these acts i an act entitled "An act to divide the County of Henry, a establish the County of Jeflferson,"* approved January 1839. Section eight provided that Jefferson County sho remain attached to Henry County for judicial purposes. 1 Laws qfthe Territory qflowa^ 1888, p. 128. * See note above. • By an act of the Legislative Assembly, approved January 16, 1889, jus days before the districting act above mentioned, the county of Linn had made a part of the third judicial district. This is obviously a mistake i Linn County was separated by two fully organized counties from the third trict as it then existed. This error was, however, corrected; for by bein tached to Johnson, Linn County was included in the second judicial distric ♦ Laws of the Territory qf Iowa, 1838, p. 92. H. I; I I ■ I i 464 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS The Dext act, entitled "An Act to organize the county Jones, ancl establish the seat of jastice thereof," ' approvi January 24, 1839, made Jones Connty a part of the thi judicial district. Thus it will be seen that three days aft the approval of the districting act, the connty of Jones w transferred from the second to the third jadicial disloict. On November 80, 1840, "An Act to attach Benton Cou ty to Unn, for judicial and other purposes"^ was approve and on February 18, 1843, *' An Act to attach Delaware Dubuque county, for judicial purposes." ' By the act of Fe niary 5, 1844, Iowa County was attached to Johnson Coun for judicial purposes.* On February 14, 1844, "An Act to form a Fourth Ju( cial District"* was approved. This act provided, "That Congress should pass a law granting to this Territory an a ditional judge or justice of the Supreme Court of said T( ritory, then and in that case, the counties of Jefferson, Dav: Wapello, Keokuk, and Mahaska, shall constitute the four judicial district of this Territory." It does not appei however, that Congress passed any such law; and com qaently no fourth judicial district was established during t Territorial period. The following table will indicate the remaining count: which were organized during the Territorial period, togetl with the date of organization and the judicial district which each belonged: — > Laws of the Ttrritory of Iowa, I83S, p. 95. ■Xawiq^tAe TerrUmTi of Itnea, 1S40, p. 4. ■ Laua oflAe Territory 8 cf the Territory of Iowa, 1845 (extra session), p. 108. Name changed to ** Monroe** by act of. January 19, 1846. »• iaw» of the Territory of Iowa, 1845, p. 55. I I Laws of the Territory of Iowa, 1845, p. 86. The unorganized counties of Ta- ma and Black Hawk were attached to Benton for judicial purposes. »• Laws of the Territory cf Iowa, 1846, p. 92. > * Laws cf the Territory of Iowa, 1845, p. 92. 466 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS II THE PERIOD OF THE FIRST CONSTITUTION The first Constitatioit of the State of Iowa coatains following provision in section one of article six. which tr of the Judicial Department:' "The jadlcial power shall vested in a Supreme Court, District Courts, and such i nor coarts as the General Assembly may from time to t establish." And the last clause in section four of the si article reads: "The first session of the Creneral Assem shall divide the State into four districts, which may bt creased as the exigencies require." TUB ACT OF 1847 In accordance with the constitutional provision ab noted, the General Assembly at its first session passed " Act to divide the State of Iowa into Judicial Distric which was approved February 4, 1847.' The four disti were constituted as follows (See Hap V): — " FiEST DisTEicT — ^The counties of Lee, Des Moines, I isa, Washington and Henry. "Second District — Muscatine, Scott, Cedar, Clini Jackson, Jones, Dubuque, Delaware and Clayton, and counties north and west of Delaware and Clayton shal attached to the county of Clayton for judicial purposes. " Thied District — Van Bnren, Jefferson, Davis, Wa lo, Keokuk, Mahaska, Marion, Monroe, Appanoose, the counties west of the counties of Marion, Monroe Appanoose. " Fourth District — Johnson, Linn, Benton, Iowa, I 1 Law nflova, IftM, p. 11. ■ LaiBi of Iowa, 1U6, p. S9. 1 I I I I I <■ . H I , / i 468 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS esliiek, Jasper, Polk, Dallas, Tama, Marshall, Story, B and the counties west.'' THE ACT OF 1849 On January 12, 1849, ^^ An Act to create a fifth 3m District" was approved.^ The new district thus fo was composed of the counties of Appanoose, Wayne, ] tur, Ringgold, Taylor, Page, Fremont, Monroe, L Clarke, Marion, Warren, Madison, Jasper, Polk, I> Marshall, Story, and Boone. Moreover section thn this act provided that ^^The county of Washington is by added to, and made part of, the fourth Judicial trict."2 (See Map VI.) The act of 1849 constituted in reality a new distric since several counties were taken from both the thirc fourth districts to form the fifth district, and Washin County was transferred from the first to the fourth dis In fact the boundaries of all the former districts, excep second, were considerably altered, as a comparison of ] V and VI will indicate. THE ACTS OF 1851 "An Act to create the Sixth Judicial District" wa proved February 4, 1851.' The counties of Ringgold, lor, Page, Fremont, Mills, Montgomery, Adams, U Adair, Cass, Pottawattamie, Harrison, Shelby, Audi Carroll, Crawford, Monona, Wahkaw,* Ida, Sac, Buena ^ Laws of Iowa, 1848, p. 71. * It will be noted that Washington County had previoosly formed a paxl first judicial district. • Laws of Iowa, 1860, p. 74. ^Narne changed to ** Woodbury^* by an act of January 12, 1868. — L Iowa, 1852, p. 28. 470 IOWA JOURNAL OP fflSTORY AND ta, Cherokee, Plymouth, Sionx, O'Brien, C Osceola, and Bancombe' composed the six created. By an act of Febraary 5^ of the same yeai Gathrie, Greene, Fox,' Yell,* Risley,* Hardin boldt, Pocahontas, Palo Alto, KoBsuth, Hat go, Bancroft, and Emmet were made a part < cial district By another act,' approved oi the counties of Black Hawk, Bremer, Bntl< were attached to Bachanan County, thus b of the second judicial district. (See Map 'V Nearly all the counties concerned in this been formed since the districting of 1849, was very little alteration in the boundaries previously established. THE AOT OP 1863 The act of 1853 was "An Act fixing tl the several Judicial Districts, and the time o therein,"* and constituted an entirely new < its provisions the State was divided into d tricts as foUowe: — First District — Jjee, Des Moines, Louisa, an act of September 11, ■ Name changed to "L7on" b; i62 (extra eessloii), p. 22. ' Luat qf Iowa, 1650, p. IM. » Name cbang«d to " Calhoun ' D act of Jannarir 13, * B; an act of JaniiBiy 12, 1863, the name " Bisley " wa ater." By an act of January 22, the same fear, the county to include both the counties of Yell and Rialej. — Law* iifi ' Lawi of loan, I860, p. 227. * Laai (jfloaa, 1&62, p. 74. 472 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS Second District — Dubuque, Delaware, Clayton, Allama kee, Winneshiek, Fayette, Buchanan, Black Hawk, Bremer, Chickasaw, and Howard. Third District — Van Buren, Davis, Jefferson, Wapello, Mahaska, and Keokuk. fourth District — ^Washington, Johnson, Linn, Benton, Tama, Poweshiek, and Iowa. ^ifth District — Marion, Jasper, Marshall, Hardin, Grun- dy, Butler, Floyd, Mitchell, Worth, Cerro Gordo, Franklin, Polk, Story, Webster,^ Wright, Hancock, Winnebago, Dal« las, Boone, Yell,^ Humboldt,' Kossuth,' Bancroft,' Greene, Calhoun, Pocahontas, Palo Alto, and Emmet. Sixth District — ^Fremont, Page, Taylor, Ringgold, Union, Adams, Montgomery, Cass, Adair, Audubon, and Guthrie. Seventh District — Mills, Pottawattamie, Harrison, Shel- by, Monona, Crawford, Carroll, Woodbury, Ida, Sac, Ply- mouth, Cherokee, Buena Vista, Sioux, O'Brien, Clay, Dick- inson, Osceola, and Buncombe. Eighth District — Muscatine, Scott, Cedar, Jones, Clinton, and Jackson. Ninth District — Monroe, Appanoose, Wayne, Decatur, Lucas, Clarke, Warren, and Madison. (See Map VIH.) 1 On the map Webster County is made to include both the fonner counties of Risley and Yell, in accordance with the act already noted, which was approved on January 22, 1853, the same day on which the above districting act was ap- proved. Webster County as here given was divided on December 22, 1856, and the present counties of Webster and Hamilton were formed. — Xatoa of Jotoa, 1866, p. 11. • See note 1. • By the act of January 24, 1855, Humboldt, Kossuth, and Bancroft connties were all united to form Kossuth County. However, on January 28, 1857, Kos- suth County was again divided, the lower portion forming the present county of Humboldt. i. 474 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS THE ACTS OF 1855 Two acts regarding judicial districting were passed b; the General Assembly daring the session beginning Decen ber 4, 1854. The first of these was approved January 24 1855, and was entitled ^^An Act fixing the boundaries o the tenth Judicial District of the State of Iowa, and th< times of holding Courts therein." ^ The district thus estab lished consisted of the counties of Clayton, Allamakee Winneshiek, Fayette, Chickasaw, Floyd, Mitchell, Howard Worth, and Cerro Gordo. Six of these counties had for merly belonged to the second judicial district and the othe] four had been included in the fifth judicial district. (Set Map IX.) The other act was "An Act to alter the boundaries of thi Second Judicial District, and to fix the time of holding th< Court therein." ^ Section one provided " that the counties of Dubuque, Delaware, Buchanan, Black Hawk and Bremer shall constitute the Second Judicial District" This aci seems unnecessary, since these five counties were all tha remained of the second judicial district after the tenth dis trict was created, as indicated above. THE ACTS OF 1866 AND 1857 The last General Assembly under the first State Consti tution passed a number of acts relating to judicial district ing. The first of these was "An Act to establish the Ele^ enth Judicial District, and fixing the times of holding court therein," approved December 10, 1856.* The said distric » Law% of lowa^ 1854, p. 174. *Law8 of Iowa J 1864, p. 178. * Laws of Iowa, 1856, p. 1. m/i' 'Ui:. ulah 476 IOWA JOURNAL OF HI8TOBT AND POLITICS was made ap of the counties of Poweshiek^ Mahaska, Jasp Marion, Polk, Warren, Dallas, and Madison. The next act, approved December 18, 1856, defined t boundaries of the seventh judicial district as including t counties of Pottawattamie, Cass, Audubon, Shelby, ai Harrison.^ Section one of an act of Januiuy 13, 1857, cc tained the provision that ^^ the counties of Union and Rii gold be and they are hereby added to and made a part the Ninth Judicial District of the State of lowa.^^ On January 22, 1857, ^^ An Act creating the Fourteen Judicial District, and fixing the time of holding courts thei in,"' was approved. The district thus formed was coi posed of the counties of Scott, Clinton, and Jackson. Pi days later, on January 22, 1857, the thirteenth judicial d trict, made up of the counties of Marshall, Story, Hard] Grundy, Butler, Franklin, Hamilton, and Wright, was esta lished.* By an act of January 29, 1857, Guthrie County, whi had formerly been included in the sixth judicial distri< was attached to the fifth judicial district.*^ By another s approved the same day Sac County was also attached the fifth judicial district.® " An Act to establish the twelfth judicial district, and fix the times for holding courts therein,"^ was approved Ji 1 Laws of Iowa, 1856, p. 9. * Laws of Iowa, 1856, p. 27. * Laws of Iowa, 1856, p. 86. * Laws of Iowa, 1856, p. 192. * Laws of Iowa, 1856, p. 391. * Laws of Iowa, 1856, p. 396. ' Laws of Iowa, 1856, p. 449. n\ iii.i> i..,il!v JUDICIAL DISTRICTING IN IOWA 477 uary 29, 1857. It provided that the counties of Monona, Crawford, Carroll, Woodbury, Ida, Sac, Plymouth, Chero- kee, Buena Vista, Sioux, O'Brien, Clay, Dickinson, Osceola, and Buncombe, should constitute the twelfth judicial dis- trict. It will be observed that there is a conflict between this and the preceding act in regard to Sac County. Both acts were approved on the same day and there is no evi- dence to determine which was given the preference. The discrepancy is indicated on the map by including Sac Coun- ty in a broken line. (See Map X.) Ill THE PERIOD OF THE PRESENT CONSTITUTION The present Constitution of the State of Iowa was ratified on August 3, 1857, and went into effect on September 3, of the same year. Article V of this Constitution relates to the Judicial Department; and section two of this article reads as follows: — The State shall be divided into eleven Judicial Districts; and after the year Eighteen hundred and sixty the General Assembly may re- organize the Judicial Districts and increase or diminish the number of Districts, or the number of Judges of the said Court, and may increase the number of Judges of the Supreme Court; but such in- crease or diminution shall not be more than one District, or one Judge of either Court, at any one session; and no re-organization of the districts, or diminution of the number of Judges, shall have the effect of removing a Judge from office. Such re-organization of the districts, or any change in the boundaries thereof, or increase or diminution of the number of Judges, shall take place every four years thereafter, if necessary, and at no other time.^ i Sbambaugh'8 CorutUution cf the State of Iowa, pocket edition, 1907, pp. 60-61 iu JUDICIAL DISTRICTING IN IOWA 47i) The following amendment to the above section was made in 1884:— Ahsndment 2. At any regular session of the general assembly the state may be divided, into the necessary judicial districts for dis trict court purposes, or the said districts may be reorganized and the number of the districts and the judges of said courts increased or diminished; but no reorganization of the districts or diminution of the judges shall have the effect of removing a judge from office. ^ THE ACTS OF 1868 On February 10, 1858, "An Act to change the bounda- ries of the 18th Judicial District so as to include Webster County," was appro ved.^ And by the act of March 16, 1858, Butler County was annexed to the tenth judicial dis- trict.^ Neither of these changes, however, is indicated on the map, since, as will be seen, the General Assembly later in this same session passed an act dividing the State into eleven judicial districts. In accordance with the Constitutional provision above noted, the General Assembly passed "An Act creating Elev- en Judicial Districts and defining their boundaries,"* ap- proved March 20, 1858. The districts thus established were as follows: — First District — Lee, Henry, Des Moines, and Louisa.* Second District — Van Buren, Davis, Wapello, Monroe, Appanoose, Lucas, and Wayne. 1 Shambaugh's Constitution of the State of Iowa, pocket edition, 1907, pp. 101- 102. " Lauja of lovoa, 1868, p. 19. * LavoB of Iowa, 1868, p. 109. * Laws of Iowa, 1868. p. 186. * In the published law Lucas County is included in the first district, instead of Louisa County; but this is obYiously a mistake of the printer. y ■ 480 IOWA JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND POLITICS j Third District — ^Clarke, Decatur, Union, Ringgold, 1 I ams, Taylor,* Montgomery, Page, MiUs, Fremont, Pottaiv tamie, and Cass. j Fourth District — Harrison, Shelby, Monona, Crawfo Woodbury, Ida, Sac, Buena Vista, Cherokee, Plymou j Clay, O'Brien, Sioux, Buncombe, Osceola, Dickinson, E met, Palo Alto, Pocahontas, Calhoun, Kossuth, and Hu boldt. Fifth District — Carroll, Audubon, Greene, Guthrie, Adi Madison, Dallas, Warren, and Polk. Sixth District — ^Jasper, Marion, Poweshiek, Mahas] Keokuk, Washington, and Jefferson. Seventh District — ^Muscatine, Scott, Clinton, and Jacksi Eighth District — Johnson, Iowa, Tama, Benton, Lii Cedar, and Jones. Ninth District — Dubuque, Delaware, Buchanan, Bla Hawk, and Grundy. Tenth District — Clayton, Allamakee, Fayette, Wini shiek, Howard, Chickasaw, Bremer, Mitchell, Floyd, a Butler. Eleventh District — Worth, Cerro Gordo, Franklin, H •. ^ din, Marshall, Winnebago, Hancock, Wright, Hamilt^ Story, Boone, and Webster. (See Map XI.) THE ACTS OF 1864 By an act of January 21, 1864, Cass County was detacb from the third judicial district and annexed to the fifth ju cial district.^ On March 28, 1864, "An Act providing : ^ In the act itself Taylor County is not mentioned, but from its locatio was undoubtedly included in the third district * LawB ofloway 1864, p. 1. f- / *// ,/„: . JUDICIAL DISTRICTING IN IOWA 488 the formation of the Twelfth Judicial District" was ap- proved.^ The said district was composed of the counties of Mitchell, Floyd, Bremer, Butler, Cerro Gordo, Worth, Win- nebago, and Hancock. Of these counties, the first four had previously been included in the tenth and the last four in the eleventh judicial district. Thus the only changes in the previous districts made during this year were in the third, fifth, tenth, and eleventh districts. (See Map XII.) THE ACTS OF 1873 On April 18, 1872, there was approved "An Act creat- ing the Thirteenth Judicial District, and Providing for the Election of District and Circuit Judges and a District- Attor- ney therein, and Changing the Boundaries of the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Judicial Districts."^ The thii*teenth dis- trict as established by this act was composed of the counties of Fremont, Mills, Pottawattamie, Cass, Audubon, Shelby, Crawford, Carroll, and Greene. The other districts aflFected by this statute were constituted as follows: — Third lyiatrict — Montgomery, Page, Taylor, Ringgold, Decatur, Clarke, Union and Adams. Fourth District — ^Webster,' Calhoun, Sac, Lyon, Osceola, Humboldt, Kossuth, Pocahontas, Palo Alto, Emmet, Dick- inson, Clay, Cherokee, Ida, Woodbury, Monona, Harrison, Buena Vista, O'Brien, Sioux, and Plymouth. * Laws of Iowa, 1864, p. 111. * Laws oflowa, 1872 (General and Public), p. 67. * It will be observed that on the Map XIII Webster County is included in the eleventh district. This is in accordance with an act of April 23, 1872 (approved live days after the districting act above noted), section two of which reads: ** Webster County is hereby returned to and attached to the Eleventh Judicial District for judicial purposes, and all acts or parts of acts, inconsistent herewith are hereby repealed.^^— Xatat qf ioioa, 1872, p. 95. JXJDICIAL DISTRICTING IN IOWA 485 Fifth District — Polk, Warren, Madison, Adair, Guthrie, and Dallas. (See Map XIII.) THE ACT OF 1876 The act of 1876 was approved March 8, and was entitled "An Act Creating the Fourteenth Judicial District, and providing for the Election of District and Circuit Judges and a District Attorney therein, and Changing the Bounda- ries of the Fourth Judicial District."^ The counties of Calhoun, Sac, Ida, Buena Vista, Pocahontas, Humboldt, Kossuth, Palo Alto, Clay, Dickinson, and Emmet, consti- tuted the fourteenth judicial district. The fourth district, with its altered boundaries, was composed of the counties of Harrison, Monona, Woodbury, Plymouth, Cherokee, O'Brien, Sioux, Lyon, and Osceola. (See Map XIV.) THE ACT OF 1886 On April 10, 1886, an act dividing the State into eight- een judicial districts was approved.^ The amendment of 1884, above noted, made it possible for the General Assem- bly to thoroughly reorganize the judicial districts. Previ- ous to the amendment of 1884 only one district could be added during one session and all such reorganizations must be four years apart. The districts established in 1886 were as follows: — First District — Lee and Des Moines. Second District — Lucas, Monroe, Wapello, JeflFerson^ Henry, Davis, Van Buren, and Appanoose. Third District — Wayne, Decatur, Clarke, Union, King- gold, Taylor, and Adams. ^ LawB qf Iowa, 1876, p. 46. * Law9 <^Ivemor and Territorial Judges l^islated f Northwest Territory until 1799, when the General I bly was organized and vested with the powers of lation. A law was approved December 6, 1799, pn ing regolations for the election of Representatives.^ law was amended December 9, 1800.^ The election of Representatives was held on the i Tuesday in October. The counties were divided inl tricts and a polling place was selected by the Go Quarter Sessions in each district Fifteen days bef o election the Gk>vemor of the Territory issued a w election, directed to the sheriff of the county. A co this writ was to be posted by the sheriff in each disti the county on the door of the house in which the el was to be held. The voters present at the polls at nin elected, viva voce^ three electors to serve as judges o1 tion, and these judges appointed two election derka judges and clerks of election were required to take ai or affirmation before proceeding with the election, polls were to be open from ten a. m. until five p. m. votes at these elections were taken by paper ballots. After the voting the returns were examined and the i publicly announced by the judges. The returns for tl trict were then sent to the prothonotary of the court together with the sheriff and two justices of the peao ^ Chase's Staluiea cf Ohio, Vol. I, Ch. 102, p. 289. • Chase's StaJLuttB of Ohio, Vol. I, Ch. 140, p. 804. I / REGULATION BT LAW OF ELBOTIONS 497 ▼aased the retoms from all the districts of the county and gave to the persons elected certificates of election. An act authorizing and r^olating the election